Ch 2 Open Book Quiz AP Psych

2.

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between variables?

+ .05
- .25
+ .75
- .95

Correct Answer

A. - .95

Explanation

A correlation coefficient measures the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables. The closer the correlation coefficient is to -1 or 1, the stronger the relationship. In this case, -0.95 indicates a very strong negative relationship between the variables. This means that as one variable increases, the other variable decreases consistently.

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3.

Which of the following represents the average score in a distribution?

Mode
Mean
Median
Standard deviation

Correct Answer

A. Mean

Explanation

The average score in a distribution is represented by the mean. The mean is calculated by summing up all the scores in the distribution and dividing it by the total number of scores. It gives us a measure of the central tendency of the data, indicating the typical or average value. The mode represents the most frequently occurring score, the median represents the middle value when the scores are arranged in ascending order, and the standard deviation measures the spread or dispersion of the scores from the mean.

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4.

After watching their favorite team lose a game, Emma and her friends commented to each other about how they had always known the loss was inevitable. Psychologists call this:

Illusory correlation
False consensus effect
Hindsight bias
Overconfidence

Correct Answer

A. Hindsight bias

Explanation

Hindsight bias refers to the tendency of individuals to believe that they had predicted an event's outcome or that they knew it was going to happen after it has already occurred. In this scenario, Emma and her friends are reflecting on the game they watched and expressing that they had always known their team was going to lose. This aligns with the concept of hindsight bias as they are attributing their knowledge to the past when in reality they may not have had such certainty beforehand.

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5.

A significant disadvantage of the correlational approach is that it:

Does not provide evidence of cause & effect
Cannot be used to examine the relationship between variables
Does not aid in prediction
Does not provide info about how variables are related

Correct Answer

A. Does not provide evidence of cause & effect

Explanation

The correlational approach is limited in providing evidence of cause and effect because it only examines the relationship between variables without establishing a causal relationship. It can show that two variables are related, but it does not determine which variable is causing the change in the other. Therefore, it cannot provide conclusive evidence of cause and effect.

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6.

After conducting an experiment Dr Fitzpatrick concluded that there was a statistically significant difference between the scores of the control group and the experimental group. In other words,

The difference is highly meaningful to scientists
The results are replicable
The scores differed by 5 points or more
It is unlikely the difference occurred by chance

Correct Answer

A. It is unlikely the difference occurred by chance

Explanation

The correct answer is "it is unlikely the difference occurred by chance." When Dr Fitzpatrick concluded that there was a statistically significant difference between the scores of the control group and the experimental group, it means that the observed difference is unlikely to have happened randomly or by chance. This suggests that there is a genuine effect or relationship between the variables being studied, and it is not simply due to random variation.

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7.

Which 2 questions exemplify the scientific attitude?

What do you mean, How do you know?
Who believes you, what are their qualifications?
How common is this answer, How many people agree?
Is this an established truth? How long has this been believed?

Correct Answer

A. What do you mean, How do you know?

Explanation

The questions "What do you mean?" and "How do you know?" exemplify the scientific attitude because they reflect a critical and skeptical mindset. The scientific attitude involves questioning assumptions, seeking evidence, and being open to new information. By asking "What do you mean?", one is seeking clarity and precision in the language used to describe a concept or idea. By asking "How do you know?", one is challenging the basis of knowledge and seeking the evidence or reasoning behind a claim. Both questions demonstrate a scientific approach of inquiry and a desire for a rational and evidence-based understanding.

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8.

The biggest danger to a case study is

They last too long
It is based on naturalistic observation
The subject may be atypical
Relies on correlational rather than causational evidence

Correct Answer

A. The subject may be atypical

Explanation

The biggest danger to a case study is that the subject may be atypical. This means that the individual or situation being studied may not accurately represent the larger population or typical behavior. This can lead to misleading or inaccurate conclusions being drawn from the case study. It is important for researchers to consider the generalizability of their findings and be cautious when applying them to a broader context.

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9.

The healing power of positive expectations is best illustrated by

Replication
Hindsight bias
The placebo effect
Overconfidence

Correct Answer

A. The placebo effect

Explanation

The healing power of positive expectations is best illustrated by the placebo effect. The placebo effect occurs when a person experiences a positive outcome or improvement in their condition after receiving a treatment that has no active ingredients or therapeutic value. This improvement is believed to be a result of the person's positive belief and expectation that the treatment will work. The placebo effect highlights the influence of the mind on physical well-being and demonstrates the potential for positive expectations to have a healing effect on individuals.

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10.

When you read a bar graph it is most important you :

Mentally transform the data into a scatterplot
Note the range and size of the scale values
Identify the value of the standard deviation
Understand that correlation does not prove causation

Correct Answer

A. Note the range and size of the scale values

Explanation

When reading a bar graph, it is crucial to note the range and size of the scale values. This helps in understanding the magnitude and distribution of the data being represented. By examining the scale values, one can determine the highest and lowest values, as well as the intervals between them. This information is essential for interpreting the graph accurately and making meaningful comparisons between different bars or categories.

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Ch 2 Open Book Quiz AP Psych

Which of the following is TRUE?

Quiz Preview

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between variables?

Which of the following represents the average score in a distribution?

After watching their favorite team lose a game, Emma and her friends commented to each other about how they had always known the loss was inevitable. Psychologists call this:

A significant disadvantage of the correlational approach is that it:

After conducting an experiment Dr Fitzpatrick concluded that there was a statistically significant difference between the scores of the control group and the experimental group. In other words,

Which 2 questions exemplify the scientific attitude?

The biggest danger to a case study is

The healing power of positive expectations is best illustrated by

When you read a bar graph it is most important you :