Practice Quiz: Phlebotomy Chapter 2

Explanation
The term "prone position" refers to the act of placing a patient on their stomach. This position is often utilized in medical settings for various reasons, such as facilitating breathing or performing certain procedures. By lying face down, the patient's back is exposed, allowing for easier access to the spinal area or other parts of the body. Therefore, the correct answer for the given question is "prone position."

Explanation
When going for a glucose or cholesterol testing, it is recommended for a patient to fast for 12 hours. Fasting helps to obtain accurate results as it ensures that the food consumed does not interfere with the test. By not eating or drinking anything except water for 12 hours before the test, the patient's body has enough time to process and metabolize the glucose and cholesterol levels, providing a more reliable measurement.

Explanation
The most commonly requested timed specimen is the glucose level. This is because measuring the glucose level at specific times, such as fasting or after a meal, can provide important information about a person's blood sugar control and help diagnose and monitor conditions such as diabetes. Monitoring glucose levels is a routine test and is often requested by healthcare professionals to assess a person's overall health and well-being.

Explanation
The breakdown of glucose is referred to as glycolytic action. This process occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and involves the conversion of glucose into pyruvate through a series of enzymatic reactions. Glycolysis is an essential step in cellular respiration and provides the cell with energy in the form of ATP.

Explanation
The correct answer is venipuncture, capillary puncture, and arterial puncture. Venipuncture involves the collection of blood from a vein, usually in the arm, using a needle and syringe or vacuum tube. Capillary puncture, also known as a fingerstick or heelstick, is the collection of a small amount of blood from the capillaries in the fingertip or heel. Arterial puncture involves the collection of blood from an artery, typically in the wrist, and is done to measure blood gases and other parameters.

Explanation
When arm veins cannot be used, the basilic vein and dorsal hand veins can be used as alternative areas for medical procedures. The basilic vein is located in the upper arm and is commonly used for venipuncture and blood draws. The dorsal hand veins are located on the back of the hand and can be accessed for intravenous therapy or blood collection. These alternative areas provide accessible and reliable veins for medical procedures when arm veins are not available.

Explanation
During venipuncture, it is important to avoid areas with hematoma or scars of previous mastectomy. This is because these areas may be more sensitive or prone to bleeding, which can make the procedure more difficult and increase the risk of complications. Additionally, scars from previous mastectomy may have altered blood flow or damaged blood vessels, making it harder to successfully draw blood. Therefore, it is best to choose a different site for venipuncture to ensure a safe and successful procedure.

Explanation
A hematoma is an abnormal collection of blood outside of a blood vessel. It occurs due to damage to the wall of a blood vessel, such as an artery, vein, or capillary, causing blood to leak into surrounding tissues. Hematomas can vary in size, ranging from a small dot of blood to a larger collection that causes significant swelling.

Explanation
Thrombosed veins lack resilience because they are blocked by a blood clot, preventing them from expanding and contracting normally. This lack of resilience can lead to pain, swelling, and a feeling of heaviness in the affected area. Thrombosed veins are commonly seen in conditions such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or thrombophlebitis, where the blood clot forms in a vein and causes inflammation. Prompt treatment is necessary to prevent complications such as pulmonary embolism.

Explanation
When performing venipuncture, the needle should be inserted at a 15-30 degree angle. This angle allows for proper entry into the vein while minimizing the risk of puncturing through the vein or causing excessive pain to the patient. Inserting the needle at a steeper angle may increase the likelihood of going through the vein, while a shallower angle may make it difficult to properly access the vein. Therefore, a 15-30 degree angle is considered the optimal range for venipuncture.

Explanation
To ensure that each sample is properly identified and processed, it must have a requisition form attached when submitted to the laboratory. This form contains important information such as the patient's name, date and time of collection, type of sample, and any specific tests requested. The requisition form serves as a crucial document for the laboratory staff to accurately track and handle each sample, ensuring efficient and reliable testing.

Explanation
Capillary puncture is a medical procedure that involves obtaining a small amount of blood from the capillaries, typically from the fingertip. This procedure is also known as dermal puncture or finger stick. The terms dermal puncture and finger stick are used interchangeably to describe the same method of collecting blood samples through a small puncture in the skin.

Explanation
When collecting blood from newborns, the penetration depth of lancets should be less than 2.0mm. This is because newborns have delicate and sensitive skin, and using a deeper penetration depth may cause unnecessary pain and discomfort to the baby. Additionally, a shallow penetration depth reduces the risk of injury or damage to the underlying blood vessels and tissues. Therefore, it is important to use lancets with a penetration depth of less than 2.0mm to ensure a safe and comfortable blood collection process for newborns.

Explanation
Capillary puncture is a method commonly used to collect small blood samples for testing. One of the tests that can be conducted using this method is a white cell differential. This test helps to determine the different types and percentages of white blood cells present in the blood. It is useful in diagnosing and monitoring various conditions such as infections, immune disorders, and leukemia. By analyzing the white blood cell differentials, healthcare professionals can gain valuable insights into a patient's overall health and immune system function.

Explanation
Monomer monoletter is a safety device used for capillary blood collection. It is designed to prevent accidental needlestick injuries and ensure the safe collection of blood samples. The device is specifically designed for capillary blood collection, which involves pricking the skin to obtain a small amount of blood. The monomer monoletter device is equipped with safety features that protect both the healthcare professional and the patient, making it an essential tool in ensuring safe and hygienic blood collection procedures.

Explanation
The most accessible and commonly used sites for capillary puncture are the palmer or lateral surface of the finger. These areas are easily accessible and provide a sufficient blood supply for testing. Additionally, the palmer or lateral surface of the finger is less sensitive compared to other areas, making it a preferred site for capillary puncture.

Explanation
Capillary puncture is a method used to collect small blood samples for testing. The question is asking for alternative sites for capillary puncture. The answer states that ear lobes, big toes, and heels of infants are alternative sites for capillary puncture. These sites are commonly used in infants because they have a good blood supply and are easily accessible. Capillary puncture in these areas is less painful and less invasive compared to other sites, making it suitable for obtaining blood samples in infants.

Explanation
Blood collected via capillary puncture is composed of blood from capillaries, arterioles, and venules, which are small blood vessels that connect arteries and veins. Additionally, it also contains tissue fluids, also known as interstitial fluid, which is the fluid that surrounds and bathes the cells in the body's tissues. Capillary puncture is a method of collecting blood that involves pricking the skin with a small lancet to obtain a small sample of blood from the capillaries. This method is commonly used for certain tests, such as glucose monitoring or blood gas analysis.

Explanation
Tissue fluid is also known as interstitial fluid. It is the fluid that surrounds and bathes the cells in the tissues of the body. This fluid is derived from blood plasma and contains nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and waste products. It plays a crucial role in transporting substances between the cells and the blood vessels, maintaining the balance of water and electrolytes, and supporting the exchange of gases and nutrients.