Bio 2 Warm-up #10

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    Which must be true of any hypothesis?

    • Must be testable
    • Must undergo peer review
    • Must be approved by professionals
    • Must be proven correct by research
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Bio 2 Warm-up #10 - Quiz
About This Quiz

Bio 2 Warm-up #10 explores fundamental biological concepts, focusing on differences between DNA and RNA, energy needs of organisms, hypothesis testing, cellular respiration, and transcription processes. It assesses understanding vital for advanced biology studies.

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  • 2. 

    The part of cellular respiration in which glucose is broken down is called___.

    • Electron transport

    • Glycolysis

    • Photosynthesis

    • Aerobic respiration

    Correct Answer
    A. Glycolysis
    Explanation
    Glycolysis is the correct answer because it is the process in cellular respiration where glucose is broken down into pyruvate. It takes place in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen. Glycolysis is the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

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  • 3. 
    In the diagram, structure A is the ___ and structure B is the ___. - ProProfs

    In the diagram, structure A is the ___ and structure B is the ___.

    • Thylakoid; stroma

    • Inner membrane; matrix

    • Stroma; matrix

    • Granum; thylakoid

    Correct Answer
    A. Inner membrane; matrix
    Explanation
    In the given diagram, structure A is identified as the inner membrane and structure B is identified as the matrix. This suggests that structure A is a membrane that is located inside another structure, while structure B is a central space or compartment within that structure.

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  • 4. 

    What will most likely be the result if all of the mitochondria are removed from a plant cell?

    • It will be unable to carry out respiration.

    • It will lose water through osmosis.

    • It will break down the ribosomes in the cell.

    • It will be unable to photosynthesize.

    Correct Answer
    A. It will be unable to carry out respiration.
    Explanation
    If all of the mitochondria are removed from a plant cell, it will be unable to carry out respiration. Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell and are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. Without mitochondria, the cell will not be able to generate the energy needed for various cellular processes, including respiration.

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  • 5. 

    Which is similar between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

    • Both need to obtain energy.

    • Both need to produce glucose.

    • Both use the same method of absorbing water.

    • Both occupy the same position in a food chain.

    Correct Answer
    A. Both need to obtain energy.
    Explanation
    Autotrophs and heterotrophs are both organisms that need to obtain energy in order to survive. Autotrophs are able to produce their own energy through photosynthesis, while heterotrophs obtain energy by consuming other organisms. Despite the difference in how they obtain energy, the fact remains that both autotrophs and heterotrophs require energy to carry out their life processes. Therefore, the similarity between autotrophs and heterotrophs lies in the fact that they both need to obtain energy.

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  • 6. 

    What is the process that copies a gene’s DNA sequence into a sequence of RNA?

    • Initiation

    • Insertion

    • Transcription

    • Translation

    Correct Answer
    A. Transcription
    Explanation
    Transcription is the process that copies a gene's DNA sequence into a sequence of RNA. During transcription, RNA polymerase binds to the DNA and separates the two strands. It then uses one strand of the DNA as a template to synthesize a complementary RNA molecule. This process is essential for gene expression as it produces messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules that carry the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes for translation into proteins.

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  • 7. 

    Which describes when two different species utilize the same resource?

    • Crowding

    • Predation

    • Parasitism

    • Competition

    Correct Answer
    A. Competition
    Explanation
    Competition describes when two different species utilize the same resource. In this situation, both species are in direct competition with each other for limited resources such as food, water, or territory. This can lead to a decrease in the availability of resources for both species and can result in one species outcompeting the other for survival and reproduction.

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  • 8. 

    Which process produces the most variation within a species?

    • Asexual reproduction

    • Mitosis

    • Cloning

    • Sexual reproduction

    Correct Answer
    A. Sexual reproduction
    Explanation
    Sexual reproduction produces the most variation within a species because it involves the combination of genetic material from two parents. This results in offspring that have a unique combination of genes, leading to increased genetic diversity within the species. In contrast, asexual reproduction, mitosis, and cloning do not involve the recombination of genetic material and therefore do not generate as much variation within the species.

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  • 9. 

    Which describes a difference between DNA and RNA?

    • DNA constructs proteins whereas RNA translates genetic information.

    • DNA makes up ribosomes whereas RNA transfers genetic information.

    • DNA translates genetic information whereas RNA maintains genetic information.

    • DNA maintains genetic information whereas RNA helps construct proteins based on genetic information.

    Correct Answer
    A. DNA maintains genetic information whereas RNA helps construct proteins based on genetic information.
    Explanation
    DNA and RNA have different functions in the cell. DNA is responsible for maintaining and storing genetic information, while RNA is involved in the process of protein synthesis. RNA helps to construct proteins based on the genetic information encoded in DNA. Therefore, the correct answer is that DNA maintains genetic information whereas RNA helps construct proteins based on genetic information.

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  • 10. 

    How would overexposure to X-rays affect most animal cells?

    • It would cause an increase in red blood cell production.

    • It would increase cell specialization in organs.

    • It would change the sequence of DNA nucleotides in affected cells.

    • It would produce new nucleotides for DNA molecules.

    Correct Answer
    A. It would change the sequence of DNA nucleotides in affected cells.
    Explanation
    Overexposure to X-rays can cause damage to DNA molecules in cells. X-rays are a form of ionizing radiation, which means they have enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, creating charged particles called ions. These ions can interact with DNA molecules, causing breaks in the DNA strands or changes in the sequence of DNA nucleotides. This can lead to mutations in the affected cells, which can have various negative effects, including potential disruptions in cell function and increased risk of cancer development. Therefore, the correct answer is that overexposure to X-rays would change the sequence of DNA nucleotides in affected cells.

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  • 11. 

    What is the relationship between the photosystems and the Calvin cycle?

    • The photosystems produce ATP synthase for the Calvin cycle.

    • The photosystems build sugars with the carbon dioxide produced by the Calvin cycle.

    • The photosystems transfer energy to the Calvin cycle through ATP and NADPH.

    • The photosystems transfer hydrogen ions and carbon dioxide to the Calvin cycle.

    Correct Answer
    A. The photosystems transfer energy to the Calvin cycle through ATP and NADPH.
    Explanation
    The photosystems transfer energy to the Calvin cycle through ATP and NADPH. This is because during photosynthesis, the photosystems capture light energy and use it to generate ATP and NADPH. These energy-rich molecules are then used by the Calvin cycle to convert carbon dioxide into sugars. Therefore, the photosystems play a crucial role in providing the energy needed for the Calvin cycle to occur.

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  • 12. 

    A human male gamete cell contains ___ chromosomes and is said to be ___ which is symbolized by ___.

    • 46 … haploid … 1n

    • 23 … haploid … 1n

    • 23 … diploid … 2n

    • 46 … diploid … 2n

    Correct Answer
    A. 23 … haploid … 1n
    Explanation
    A human male gamete cell contains 23 chromosomes and is said to be haploid which is symbolized by 1n.

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  • 13. 

    Which statement best compares aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

    • Less ATP is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration.

    • More water is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration.

    • More oxygen is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration.

    • Less lactic acid is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration.

    Correct Answer
    A. Less ATP is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration.
    Explanation
    During aerobic respiration, which occurs in the presence of oxygen, more ATP is generated compared to anaerobic respiration, which occurs in the absence of oxygen. This is because aerobic respiration utilizes the complete breakdown of glucose, producing more energy in the form of ATP. In contrast, anaerobic respiration only partially breaks down glucose, resulting in the production of less ATP. Therefore, the statement "Less ATP is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration" is the best comparison between the two processes.

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  • 14. 

    Why is meiosis important for sexual reproduction?

    • It allows the zygote formed from fertilization to have triple the chromosome number of the organism.

    • It allows gametes to have twice the original number of chromosomes of the organism.

    • It allows gametes to have half the original number of chromosomes of the organism.

    • It allows the zygote formed from fertilization to have half the original number of chromosomes of the organism.

    Correct Answer
    A. It allows the zygote formed from fertilization to have half the original number of chromosomes of the organism.
    Explanation
    Meiosis is the process by which gametes (sperm and eggs) are formed. During meiosis, the number of chromosomes is halved, resulting in gametes that have half the original number of chromosomes of the organism. This is important for sexual reproduction because when the gametes fuse during fertilization, the resulting zygote will have the correct number of chromosomes for the species. If meiosis did not occur and the gametes had the same number of chromosomes as the organism, the zygote would have double the number of chromosomes, which could lead to genetic abnormalities and developmental issues.

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  • 15. 

    Which is one reason scientists produce transgenic organisms?

    • To create new species of organisms

    • To control microorganisms in the soil

    • To prevent habitats from being destroyed

    • To treat certain types of diseases

    Correct Answer
    A. To treat certain types of diseases
    Explanation
    Scientists produce transgenic organisms to treat certain types of diseases. Transgenic organisms are created by introducing genes from one species into the genome of another, resulting in organisms with new traits or capabilities. In the context of disease treatment, scientists can use transgenic organisms to produce therapeutic proteins or develop new treatments. For example, transgenic bacteria can be engineered to produce insulin, which is used to treat diabetes. Therefore, producing transgenic organisms is a method employed by scientists to address specific diseases and improve medical treatments.

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  • Mar 20, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Nov 18, 2013
    Quiz Created by
    Christopher Mack
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