Social Studies 11 Chapter 9

The Lieutenant Governor is the representative of the Governor General at the provincial level, just as the provincial government represents the federal government at the regional level. Both Lieutenant Governors and provincial governments have similar roles and responsibilities within their respective jurisdictions, mirroring the relationship between the Governor General and the federal government. Therefore, the correct answer is federal.

The best definition of democracy is a system of government in which people freely choose in elections who will govern them, and gives the people who are ruled by its laws and policies certain rights over the actions and careers of those in power. This definition highlights the key elements of democracy, including the freedom to choose leaders through elections and the protection of citizens' rights and liberties. It emphasizes the importance of popular participation and accountability in a democratic system.

Patronage refers to the act of giving rewards to a party in exchange for their loyalty or favors. This can be seen as a form of support or sponsorship, where individuals or organizations provide benefits or resources to those who support or serve them. It is a way of establishing and maintaining relationships based on mutual benefits and obligations.

Totalitarian governments are characterized by a high level of control and authority exerted by the state over all aspects of society. They often suppress individual freedoms and dissent, controlling the media, economy, and political system. Authoritarianism refers to a system where power is concentrated in the hands of a few, with limited political freedoms and opposition. Totalitarianism is considered an extreme form of authoritarianism, as it seeks to control and manipulate all aspects of society, including the thoughts and beliefs of its citizens. Therefore, it is correct to say that totalitarian governments are authoritarian.

The objective of lobbying is to represent the interests of a specific group by influencing decision makers in favor of that group. Lobbyists aim to advocate for their group's concerns and persuade policymakers to make decisions that align with their interests. This involves activities such as providing information, building relationships, and promoting the group's viewpoint to influence the decision-making process.

Brand recognition refers to the level of awareness and familiarity that people have with a particular brand or individual. In the context of a politician, having brand recognition is important because it helps them establish a strong presence and identity in the minds of the voters. This recognition can be built through various means such as effective communication, consistent messaging, and positive public image. By gaining brand recognition, a politician can increase their chances of gaining people's votes as they become more recognizable and trusted by the public.

The correct answer is First-Past-the-Post. This electoral system is currently used in Canada, where the candidate who receives the most votes in a particular constituency wins the seat. It is a simple and straightforward method, but it has been criticized for not always representing the overall popular vote and potentially leading to a disproportional representation in the government.

The 3 E's of Senate Reform are elected, equal, and efficient. This means that the members of the Senate should be elected by the people, ensuring democratic representation. They should also be equal, meaning that each member has an equal say and power within the Senate. Lastly, the Senate should operate efficiently, ensuring that decisions are made in a timely and effective manner. These principles aim to promote a fair and effective Senate system.

The correct answer is that MLA is a member of the Legislative Assembly in Provincial government, whereas MP is a member of parliament in federal government. This means that MLAs are elected to represent a specific province or territory in the legislative assembly, while MPs are elected to represent a specific constituency in the federal parliament.

This quote suggests that tradition is important, but change should be supported if the majority of people desire it. This viewpoint reflects a moderate or centrist perspective, as it acknowledges the value of tradition while also recognizing the need for progress and adapting to the desires of the majority. Centrists typically prioritize finding a balance between conservative and liberal ideas, making this quote most representative of the center of the political spectrum.

The Wilderness Committee is best described as a pressure group because it focuses on advocating for the protection of forests and the environment. Pressure groups are organizations that aim to influence government policies and decisions by putting pressure on decision-makers through various means such as lobbying, public campaigns, and grassroots mobilization. The Wilderness Committee's goal aligns with the objectives of a pressure group, as they actively work to raise awareness, engage in political advocacy, and apply pressure on policymakers to prioritize environmental conservation.

Direct democracy is ineffective because it becomes increasingly difficult to manage and make decisions in a large population. In a direct democracy, every individual has a say in decision-making, which can lead to a cumbersome process of gathering opinions and reaching consensus. As the population grows, the number of opinions and interests also increase, making it challenging to effectively govern and address the diverse needs of the people. Therefore, direct democracy is often considered impractical and inefficient in larger societies.

Direct democracy is a form of government in which every eligible citizen has the opportunity to participate directly by voting on all decisions that affect society. This means that individuals have the power to directly influence the outcome of decisions and policies, rather than relying on elected representatives to make decisions on their behalf. In direct democracy, the democracy is truly directed towards the people, as they have the ultimate say in shaping the direction of their society.

The party whip is responsible for ensuring that party members are present during voting. They play a crucial role in maintaining party discipline and ensuring that members follow the party's stance on various issues. The whip's main objective is to ensure that party policies are upheld and that members vote in line with the party's interests and objectives. By ensuring the presence of party members during voting, the whip helps to maximize the party's chances of success in passing legislation and achieving its goals.

A bureaucrat with influential connections would most likely be a lobbyist because lobbyists are individuals who try to influence government officials and policies on behalf of special interest groups or organizations. A bureaucrat with influential connections would have the necessary knowledge of government processes and contacts to effectively advocate for the interests of their clients or organizations.

Conservatism is an ideology that can be found under democracy. It is a political philosophy that advocates for traditional values, limited government intervention, and the preservation of established institutions. In a democratic system, individuals are free to hold and express conservative beliefs, making conservatism an ideology that can coexist with democracy. Fascism and communism, on the other hand, are not ideologies that align with democracy as they promote authoritarianism and a lack of individual freedoms. The statement "None of the above; they are all right wing" is incorrect as conservatism can be both left-wing and right-wing depending on the specific context.

The most left-wing party on the political spectrum is the NDP. This party is known for its progressive policies and advocating for social equality and economic justice. They prioritize issues such as affordable housing, healthcare, and workers' rights. The NDP often takes a more socialist approach compared to other parties, aiming to reduce income inequality and support marginalized communities. They have a history of supporting social welfare programs and implementing policies that promote social justice.

Individuals are more likely to seek change in a non-governmental organization (NGO) because NGOs are often focused on addressing specific social or environmental issues and advocating for change. Unlike political parties or clubs, NGOs are typically formed with the primary goal of promoting social change and addressing issues that may not be adequately addressed by the government or other institutions. Therefore, individuals who are passionate about creating change and making a difference are more likely to be drawn to NGOs as a platform for their activism.

The correct answer states that civil disobedience should not involve violence, should be directed against laws that are seriously harmful, and individuals should be willing to face punishment for their actions. This explanation highlights the key principles of civil disobedience: the rejection of violence as a means of protest, the targeting of unjust laws, and the acceptance of personal consequences for one's actions.

A motion of non-confidence occurs when the leading party in the House of Commons loses a vote. This means that the majority of members in the House of Commons have expressed their lack of confidence in the ruling party's ability to govern effectively. It is a significant event as it can lead to the resignation of the Prime Minister and potentially trigger a general election.

The Prime Minister of Canada has the power to issue Orders-in-Council, which are legal decisions made by the government. They also have the authority to appoint the Cabinet, which consists of ministers who assist in governing the country. Additionally, the Prime Minister leads the Executive Branch of the government. However, proroguing of Parliament is not a power of the Prime Minister. Proroguing is the act of ending a session of Parliament, and this power lies with the Governor General, who acts on the advice of the Prime Minister.

Cabinet members do not have to have a seat in the House of Commons. The Cabinet is made up of senior government officials, including ministers and secretaries, who are appointed by the Prime Minister. While it is common for Cabinet members to be Members of Parliament and have a seat in the House of Commons, it is not a requirement. Cabinet members can also be appointed from the House of Lords or can be unelected individuals with expertise in a particular field. Therefore, the statement is false.

The Privy Council Office is the correct answer because it is the government department responsible for supporting the work of the Cabinet. The Cabinet is a group of senior government ministers who meet regularly to make important decisions and set government policy. Therefore, it is logical that the Cabinet would meet in the Privy Council Office, as it is the department that provides support and facilitates their meetings.

The work of the government is carried out in the bureaucracy. Bureaucracy refers to the administrative system and structure of government organizations that implement and enforce policies and laws. It includes various departments, agencies, and personnel responsible for the day-to-day operations of the government. These bureaucrats are responsible for implementing policies, managing public services, and ensuring the smooth functioning of the government. They play a crucial role in executing the decisions made by the elected representatives and translating them into action.