Translational Nursing Research Quiz

The explanation for the given correct answer is that the range is indeed the difference between the maximum and minimum values in a data set. It is a measure of dispersion that helps to understand the spread or variability of the data. By subtracting the minimum value from the maximum value, we can determine the range of values covered by the data set. Therefore, the statement "Range is the difference between the maximum and minimum values in a data set" is true.

A pilot study would be the best type of study for a nurse researcher to complete in order to test a new intervention before conducting larger studies. A pilot study is a small-scale preliminary study that is conducted to evaluate the feasibility and potential effectiveness of a new intervention or research method. It helps to identify any potential issues or challenges that may arise before conducting a larger study, allowing the researcher to make necessary adjustments and improvements. This helps to ensure the success and validity of the larger study.

Retrospective research refers to a research approach where the researcher begins with the dependent variable and then works backward to identify potential causes or factors that may have influenced the outcome. This type of research is often used when studying past events or outcomes to understand the underlying causes or factors that contributed to them. It involves analyzing historical data or conducting interviews or surveys to gather information about past events or behaviors. It is a valuable approach for understanding the relationships between variables and gaining insights into the factors that may have influenced a particular outcome.

The given hypothesis statement suggests that there is no relationship between the amount of anxiety and adherence to a low-protein diet in adults with renal disease. This type of hypothesis is referred to as a null hypothesis. The null hypothesis assumes that there is no significant relationship or difference between variables being studied. In this case, it assumes that anxiety does not affect adherence to a low-protein diet in adults with renal disease.

Kurtosis is a statistical measure that indicates the shape of a distribution. It measures the peakedness or flatness of the data. A positive kurtosis value indicates a peaked distribution, while a negative value indicates a flat distribution. Therefore, the statement that kurtosis represents the peakedness or flatness of the distribution data is true.

When testing a hypothesis, it is fundamental and necessary to understand the expected relationship between variables. This understanding helps in formulating the hypothesis and designing the experiment or study. It allows researchers to predict the outcome and determine whether the data supports or contradicts the expected relationship. Without understanding the expected relationship between variables, it would be difficult to interpret the results and draw meaningful conclusions from the study.

The correct answer is empirical. Empirical evidence is obtained through direct observation or experience using our five senses - sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell. It is based on real-world data and can be used to support or refute claims or hypotheses. Empirical evidence is considered reliable and objective as it is grounded in observable phenomena.

a.provides historical background
c.builds an argument
d.related research in the field

Descriptive research provides accurate descriptions about a phenomenon. It focuses on observing and documenting the characteristics, behaviors, and patterns of a specific subject or group. This type of research aims to provide a clear and detailed account of the situation being studied, without attempting to explain or predict any relationships. Descriptive research is commonly used in social sciences and helps in understanding the current state or characteristics of a particular phenomenon.

The given answer states that all of the options provided are steps in nonexperimental research. This means that determining the research problem and hypotheses, analyzing data, and interpreting results are all essential steps in nonexperimental research.

The project described in the question is best described as having a descriptive objective. The directors of the graduate program are interested in gathering information about the types of jobs their graduates take after finishing the program. By randomly sampling students and having them fill out questionnaires, they aim to describe the different types of jobs and the roles the graduates play in their current positions. The objective is to provide a clear and accurate description of the employment outcomes of the program's graduates.

Quasi-experimental designs, like experimental designs, also have comparison groups. Comparison groups are used in both types of designs to compare the outcomes of the experimental group (the group that receives the intervention or treatment) with the outcomes of the control group (the group that does not receive the intervention or treatment). This allows researchers to determine the effectiveness of the intervention or treatment by comparing the differences in outcomes between the two groups.

Random sampling is the term used when subjects have an equal chance of being either in the treatment group or in a control group. This means that the selection of subjects is done randomly, without any bias or preference. Random sampling helps to ensure that the sample is representative of the population, allowing for generalization of the findings to the larger population. It also helps to minimize the potential for confounding variables and increase the validity and reliability of the study results.

Depression, quality of life, and grief are considered abstract concepts because they cannot be directly observed or measured. They are subjective experiences and emotions that vary from person to person. While blood pressure is a physiological measurement that can be quantified and observed, it is not an abstract concept.

The independent variable in this hypothesis is "participation in after-school sessions". This is because the researcher is interested in examining the effect of this variable on the teen pregnancy rates of at-risk high school freshmen. The independent variable is the factor that the researcher manipulates or controls in order to observe its impact on the dependent variable, which in this case is the teen pregnancy rates.

Predictive research is a type of research that aims to forecast precise relationships between dimensions of a phenomenon or differences between groups. It focuses on predicting future outcomes based on existing data and patterns. This type of research is often used in fields such as economics, finance, and marketing, where accurate predictions are crucial for decision-making. Predictive research helps in identifying trends, making forecasts, and developing models to understand and predict future behavior or outcomes.

Multiple regression is an inferential statistic that describes the relationship between three or more variables. It is used to analyze how multiple independent variables affect a single dependent variable. By including multiple independent variables, it allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the variables and can help identify the strength and significance of each independent variable's impact on the dependent variable. Therefore, multiple regression is the appropriate inferential statistic to describe the relationship of three or more variables.

The level of measurement used in the given example is ordinal. This is because the response options are ranked in a specific order, indicating the degree of satisfaction from extremely dissatisfied to extremely satisfied. However, the intervals between the response options are not necessarily equal, and there is no true zero point.

The Declaration of Helsinki is an international standard that provides guidelines for conducting biomedical research. It was developed by the World Medical Association and outlines ethical principles for research involving human subjects. The Declaration emphasizes the importance of informed consent, protection of participant rights, and ethical review by independent committees. It serves as a crucial document for ensuring the ethical conduct of research and protecting the welfare of research participants. The other options, such as the Hippocratic Oath, Joanna Briggs Report, and Belmont Report, are not specifically focused on biomedical research guidelines.

Integrative reviews are not more rigorous than systematic reviews. While both types of reviews aim to synthesize existing research, systematic reviews follow a more structured and systematic approach in identifying, evaluating, and analyzing relevant studies. They adhere to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, employ rigorous search strategies, and often involve meta-analysis. Integrative reviews, on the other hand, tend to be more flexible and subjective in their approach, allowing for a broader range of study designs and methods. Therefore, systematic reviews are generally considered to be more rigorous in terms of methodology and evidence synthesis.

The primary purpose of research that tests hypotheses and theories about how and why phenomena operate is to provide explanations. This type of research aims to understand the underlying mechanisms and reasons behind the observed phenomena. It seeks to uncover the cause-effect relationships and provide a deeper understanding of the subject. Descriptive research focuses on describing the characteristics of a phenomenon, while predictive research aims to forecast future outcomes. However, explanatory research goes beyond description and prediction by seeking to explain the reasons behind the observed phenomena.

The dependent variable is commonly known as the outcome or the response variable. It is the variable that is being measured or observed in an experiment or study. In this case, the correct answer is Y, which represents the dependent variable.

Meta-analysis is considered highest on the evidence hierarchy pyramid because it involves the systematic review and statistical analysis of multiple studies on a specific topic. It provides a comprehensive and rigorous assessment of the available evidence by combining data from different studies, which increases the statistical power and precision of the findings. Meta-analysis is often considered more reliable and influential than individual studies or expert opinions, as it provides a quantitative summary of the evidence and can identify patterns or trends that may not be apparent in individual studies.

Ethnographic researchers aim to understand and describe a culture from the perspective of the people within that culture. This approach is known as the "emic" perspective. It involves studying the cultural beliefs, values, and practices from the insider's point of view, without imposing external judgments or interpretations. The emic perspective allows researchers to gain a deeper understanding of the cultural context and the meanings attributed by the members of that culture.

should be quantitative

Grounded theory would be the preferred method to answer the question about the process older adults use to begin an exercise regime. Grounded theory is a research method that aims to generate theories based on data, allowing for the exploration of new concepts and understanding of social processes. In this case, using grounded theory would involve collecting data from older adults who have successfully started an exercise regime, analyzing their experiences, and developing a theory about the process they go through. This method would provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors, motivations, and strategies involved in initiating an exercise routine among older adults.

ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) uses the F statistic. The F statistic is used to compare the variances between groups in order to determine if there are significant differences in means. It is specifically designed for comparing means of three or more groups. The F statistic calculates the ratio of the between-group variability to the within-group variability. If the calculated F value is larger than the critical value, it indicates that there are significant differences in means among the groups. Therefore, the F statistic is the appropriate statistical test to use in ANOVA.

Qualitative researchers use a variety of techniques to gather and analyze data. Data saturation refers to the point at which no new information or themes emerge from the data, indicating that saturation has been reached. This helps researchers ensure that they have collected enough data to answer their research questions. An audit trail is a documentation of the research process, including decisions made, data collected, and analysis conducted. It helps ensure transparency and allows for the replication of the study. Member checks involve sharing the findings with participants to verify the accuracy and interpretation of the data. These techniques are commonly used by qualitative researchers to enhance the rigor and trustworthiness of their research.

Standard deviation is a measure of variability that is based on deviations from the mean. It calculates how much individual data points deviate from the average value. It is also the most commonly reported measure of variability as it provides a reliable estimate of the spread of data. However, standard deviation does not test hypotheses nor is it the same as multiple regression, which are unrelated concepts.

Researchers use audit trails to establish the confirmability and dependability of a study. Confirmability refers to the ability to demonstrate that the findings of the study are based on the data collected and the analysis conducted. Audit trails help in providing a transparent and traceable record of the research process, ensuring that the findings are grounded in evidence. Dependability, on the other hand, relates to the consistency and stability of the research process and findings. Audit trails help in documenting the steps taken and decisions made throughout the study, allowing for the replication and verification of the research.

Inductive reasoning is primarily linked with qualitative research because it involves making generalizations based on specific observations or patterns. It moves from particular to general, meaning that conclusions are drawn from specific instances and applied to a broader context. This type of reasoning is commonly used in fields such as social sciences and humanities, where researchers aim to understand and interpret complex phenomena.

When appraising quantitative studies, several elements are considered essential. Firstly, strategies used to control extraneous variables are crucial as they help ensure that the study is measuring the intended variables accurately. Ethical concerns are also essential to consider, as research should be conducted in an ethical manner, ensuring the well-being and rights of participants are protected. Lastly, the design being used is important as it determines the validity and reliability of the study's findings.

As a nurse practicing evidence-based practice, being described as an early adopter means that you are someone who is open to and embraces new ideas and innovations in healthcare. Early adopters are willing to try new approaches and techniques based on the latest evidence and research. They are often seen as leaders in implementing change and driving improvements in patient care.

must emerge from data and never be preconceived

A factorial design would be the best type of design to implement in this scenario. A factorial design allows for the manipulation of multiple independent variables simultaneously, in this case, the three components of weight loss intervention. This design would allow the investigator to examine the individual and combined effects of maintaining a food log, exercising daily, and cognitive behavioral therapy on weight loss. By manipulating and studying all three components together, the investigator can gain a comprehensive understanding of their effects and interactions on weight loss outcomes.

The "Domains of Quality" in the AGREE II instrument refer to the different aspects that need to be considered when evaluating the quality of clinical practice guidelines. Stakeholder involvement is one of these domains, and it specifically focuses on identifying the congruence of meeting the needs of the intended users. In other words, it assesses whether the guidelines are aligned with the requirements and expectations of the individuals or groups who will be using them. This ensures that the guidelines are relevant and applicable to the intended users, increasing the likelihood of their adoption and implementation.

Strategic sampling is commonly used in historical research because it allows researchers to select specific individuals or events that are most relevant to their study. This method ensures that the sample represents the key elements of the historical period being studied, providing a focused and targeted approach to data collection. Purposive sampling involves selecting participants based on specific criteria, snowballing sampling involves using existing participants to recruit additional participants, and triangular sampling is not a recognized method in research. Therefore, strategic sampling is the most appropriate method for historical research.

In a randomized control trial design, it is important to have a large number of subjects to ensure statistical power and generalizability of the results. Random assignment is also crucial to ensure that participants are assigned to different groups without bias, which helps in establishing causal relationships. Additionally, interventions need to be consistently implemented to all subjects to minimize confounding variables and ensure the validity of the study.