Anatomy And Physiology Advanced - Qp5

Explanation
Living cells need to convert chemical energy into a usable form in order to perform various biological processes. This conversion allows cells to carry out essential functions such as growth, reproduction, and movement. Additionally, cells generate waste heat as a byproduct of their metabolic activities, and they must also have mechanisms to manage and dissipate this heat. Therefore, it is true that living cells have to convert chemical energy into a useful form and deal with the waste heat produced.

Explanation
ATP is a high-energy phosphate compound made up of one molecule of adenosine and three phosphates. Adenosine is a nucleoside consisting of adenine and ribose, and the three phosphate groups are attached to the ribose molecule. These phosphate groups are responsible for storing and releasing energy during cellular processes.

Explanation
When a compound is broken down, energy is released, not absorbed. This is because the breaking of chemical bonds releases stored energy, which is often in the form of heat or light. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

Explanation
In the absence of oxygen, cells can still produce ATP through a process called glycolysis. Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate, releasing a small amount of ATP. While glycolysis alone cannot sustain cells for long periods, it provides a temporary source of energy when oxygen is limited or unavailable. This allows cells to continue functioning until oxygen becomes available again. Therefore, the statement is true.

Explanation
Proteins are primarily responsible for building and repairing tissues in the body, regulating various processes, and supporting the immune system. While proteins can be used as an energy source in certain situations, their primary function is not to provide energy. Carbohydrates and fats are the main sources of energy for the body. Therefore, the statement that the main function of protein is to provide an energy source is false.

Explanation
Energy is the ability to do work. It is the capacity to exert force or cause physical changes in an object. Without energy, work cannot be performed. Therefore, the statement "Energy enables work to be performed" is true.

Explanation
The breakdown of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) provides the necessary chemical energy for all cells in the body. ATP is a molecule that stores and releases energy when needed. When ATP is broken down, it releases a phosphate group, resulting in adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a free phosphate. This release of energy powers various cellular processes, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and active transport. Therefore, it is true that the chemical energy requirement of all cells in the body is supplied by the breakdown of ATP.

Explanation
The statement is false because glucose molecules actually have six carbon atoms, not three. Each pyruvic acid molecule does have six carbon atoms, but this does not support the statement that glucose molecules have three carbon atoms.

Explanation
Mitochondria are sub-cellular structures concerned with the conversion of chemical energy, not electrical energy. They are known as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they generate ATP, which is a form of chemical energy that cells can use for various functions. Therefore, the statement that mitochondria are concerned with the conversion of electrical energy is incorrect.

Explanation
Adipose tissue is a type of connective tissue that stores fat in the form of triglycerides. Triglycerides are the main source of fat in the body, and they are stored in adipose tissue for energy storage and insulation. Therefore, the statement that the main source of fat is stored in adipose tissue in the form of triglycerides is true.