Orientation -- CPR And First Aid(English)

It is important to ask a responsive person if they want help before providing care because everyone has the right to make their own decisions about their health and well-being. By asking for consent, you respect their autonomy and give them the opportunity to express their needs and preferences. This promotes a patient-centered approach and ensures that the care provided is in line with their wishes.

"Universal Precautions" refers to a set of guidelines that healthcare workers follow to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases. It involves treating all blood and body substances as if they are infectious, regardless of whether the individual is known to have a particular infection or not. This approach ensures that healthcare professionals take necessary precautions consistently, reducing the risk of accidental exposure and transmission of infections to themselves and others. Therefore, the statement "Universal Precautions means that we treat all blood and body substances like they are infectious" is true.

Chest compressions should be at least two inches deep. This depth is necessary to effectively pump blood through the body and maintain circulation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Compressions that are too shallow may not provide enough force to properly compress the heart and generate blood flow. On the other hand, compressions that are too deep may cause damage to the internal organs. Therefore, a depth of two inches is recommended to ensure adequate compression and increase the chances of a successful resuscitation.

CPR involves giving 30 compressions, followed by 2 rescue breaths. This is the standard procedure for performing CPR on an adult. The compressions help to circulate blood to the vital organs, while the rescue breaths provide oxygen to the person's lungs. The ratio of 30 compressions to 2 breaths is recommended by the American Heart Association and other CPR guidelines. This combination of compressions and breaths is effective in maintaining blood flow and oxygenation during cardiac arrest.

When giving CPR, it is not always necessary to provide both compressions and rescue breaths. In certain situations, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is recommended to perform compression-only CPR to reduce the risk of spreading the virus. Additionally, if the rescuer is unable or unwilling to provide rescue breaths, they can still perform effective CPR by focusing solely on chest compressions. Therefore, the statement that you always give compressions and rescue breaths during CPR is false.

Hitting someone's back is not the best thing to do if they have a mild blockage of their airway. It is important to remember that if someone is able to cough, make noise, and talk, it indicates that their airway is partially open and they are able to breathe. In such cases, hitting their back can potentially cause more harm than good. The recommended action in this situation is to encourage the person to continue coughing and to seek medical help if the blockage persists or worsens.

To treat someone with total airway obstruction, you must perform the Heimlich maneuver by getting behind them and clasping your hands right above their navel or belly button. By doing forceful, upward thrusts, you can help clear the obstruction and restore their ability to breathe. The navel or belly button is the correct location to apply pressure as it targets the diaphragm and helps create enough pressure to expel the obstruction.

When treating someone who is bleeding, it is important to apply direct pressure to the wound using a bandage or cloth. Removing the first bandage that is used to apply direct pressure can disrupt the clotting process and cause the bleeding to start again. Therefore, it is recommended to leave the first bandage in place and apply additional bandages if needed to control the bleeding effectively.

If a victim of a head, neck, or back injury stops breathing, it is crucial to prioritize their survival by initiating CPR. Although moving the person may potentially worsen their injury, the immediate need to restore breathing takes precedence. Without oxygen, the victim's life is at risk, and CPR can help maintain blood circulation until professional medical help arrives. Therefore, it is true that in such a situation, we must move the person and begin CPR, even if it means potentially aggravating their head, neck, or back injury.

Applying lotion, medicated cream, or butter is not the best way to treat minor burns. These substances can actually trap heat in the burn and prevent proper healing. The correct way to treat minor burns is to immediately cool the burn with cold water for at least 10 minutes, cover it with a sterile non-stick dressing, and take over-the-counter pain relievers if necessary.

If heat exhaustion is not treated immediately, it can progress to heat stroke. Heat exhaustion occurs when the body overheats and is unable to cool down properly, usually due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures or excessive physical activity. If left untreated, the symptoms of heat exhaustion can worsen and develop into heat stroke, which is a life-threatening condition. Heat stroke occurs when the body's temperature regulation system fails, and the body temperature rises to dangerous levels. It is important to recognize the signs of heat exhaustion and seek prompt medical attention to prevent it from progressing to heat stroke.

Giving a heat stroke victim something cool to drink is not recommended because it can actually worsen their condition. Heat stroke is a serious medical emergency that occurs when the body's temperature regulation system fails. It is important to cool the person down as quickly as possible, but giving them something to drink may cause them to vomit, which can lead to aspiration and further complications. Instead, the focus should be on cooling the person down through methods such as moving them to a shaded area, removing excess clothing, and applying cool water or ice packs to their body.

Warming up frostbite and hypothermia victims too quickly can cause further damage to their tissues. Rapid warming can lead to the formation of ice crystals in the tissues, which can cause cell damage and potentially worsen the condition. Gradual and gentle warming is recommended for these patients to prevent complications and promote healing.

When doing rescue breaths, it is important to secure the mask before performing the "head-tilt, chin-lift" maneuver because securing the mask ensures a proper seal and prevents air from escaping. This allows for effective delivery of the rescue breaths and maximizes the chances of oxygen reaching the patient's lungs. If the mask is not secured properly, it may result in air leakage and compromise the effectiveness of the rescue breaths. Therefore, it is crucial to secure the mask before initiating the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver.

CPR rescue breaths should last for 1 second because providing a quick and forceful breath helps to inflate the lungs and deliver oxygen to the person in need. This short duration ensures that the breath is efficient and allows for a higher number of breaths to be given in a shorter amount of time, increasing the chances of successful resuscitation.

The head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver is performed to open the airway and facilitate breathing. By tilting the head back and lifting the chin, the tongue is pulled forward and away from the back of the throat, preventing it from obstructing the airway. This allows for a clear passage for air to enter the lungs and ensures proper ventilation. Therefore, the statement that the main reason for doing "head-tilt, chin-lift" is to keep the tongue from blocking the airway is true.

Elevating a snake bite wound can potentially worsen the symptoms and increase the spread of venom throughout the body. By keeping the wound at or below heart level, the venom is less likely to travel quickly through the bloodstream. This can help slow down the venom's effects and buy more time for medical treatment. Therefore, it is advised not to elevate a snake bite wound.

A chemical burn should be flushed out for at least 15 minutes. This is because flushing the affected area with water helps to remove the chemical and prevent further damage. Flushing for a shorter duration may not be sufficient to completely remove the chemical, while flushing for a longer duration can help ensure that all traces of the chemical are removed, reducing the risk of complications and promoting healing.