Tissue And Integumentary System A&p1: Exam 3

The correct answer is keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and is primarily made up of this type of tissue. Keratinized means that the cells are filled with a protein called keratin, which helps to provide strength and protection to the skin. Stratified squamous refers to the multiple layers of cells that make up the epidermis, with squamous cells being flat and scale-like in shape. This tissue is well-suited for its function of protecting the underlying layers of the skin from damage and infection.

First-degree burns are the mildest type of burns, affecting only the outer layer of the skin. They usually cause redness, pain, and swelling but do not result in blisters or damage to deeper layers of the skin. Therefore, 30% of the body having first-degree burns is not considered a critical burn.

Based on the given information, the person has obtained a second-degree burn. A second-degree burn affects both the epidermis and the upper dermal region, which is consistent with the description provided. Additionally, the presence of blisters is a characteristic symptom of second-degree burns. Therefore, the correct answer is second degree.

Sweat glands are the correct answer because they are a type of apocrine gland. Apocrine glands are a type of sweat gland that are found in areas such as the armpits and genital region. They secrete a thicker, milky sweat that contains proteins and lipids. In contrast, ceruminous glands are found in the ear canal and produce earwax, while salivary glands produce saliva in the mouth.

Hemoglobin is responsible for the pinkish hue of skin because it is a protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. When oxygen-rich blood flows through the tiny blood vessels near the surface of the skin, it gives the skin a pinkish color. Therefore, it is true that hemoglobin is responsible for the pinkish hue of skin.

The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis, which is the top layer of the skin. It is composed of dead skin cells that provide a protective barrier for the underlying layers. When a hypodermic needle is inserted into the skin, it first penetrates the stratum corneum before reaching the deeper layers of the skin. Therefore, the stratum corneum is the first integumentary structure that a hypodermic needle would go through.

The integument is another name for the skin. It is the outermost layer of the body that covers and protects the underlying tissues and organs. The integument consists of two main layers: the epidermis, which is the outermost layer, and the dermis, which is the layer beneath the epidermis. The hypodermis, also known as the subcutaneous tissue, is not considered part of the integument itself. Therefore, the correct answer is integument.

Hair plays a crucial role in thermoregulation, which is the ability of the body to maintain its internal temperature within a certain range. Hair acts as insulation, helping to trap heat close to the body in cold temperatures, thus preventing heat loss. It also helps to dissipate excess heat by allowing air to flow over the skin and promoting evaporation of sweat. Therefore, it can be concluded that thermoregulation is indeed one function of hair.

Neurons are specialized cells that accept information from the environment and conduct electrical impulses. They play a crucial role in transmitting signals throughout the body, allowing for communication between different parts of the nervous system. Neurons are responsible for processing sensory information, initiating muscle movements, and coordinating various bodily functions. Their ability to generate and transmit electrical impulses enables them to carry out these important functions. Therefore, the correct answer is B and C.

Cartilage is a type of tissue that is avascular, meaning it does not have a direct blood supply. It also lacks nerve fiber presence, which means it does not contain nerves. Cartilage is found at the end of long bones, where it provides cushioning and support. It is also found in other parts of the body, such as in the nose and ears, where it helps maintain their shape.

This statement is true because hair follicles do indeed extend from the epidermal surface into the dermis. The hair follicle is a complex structure that originates in the epidermis and extends down into the dermis. It consists of several layers and structures, including the hair bulb, which is located at the base of the follicle and contains the actively growing cells responsible for hair production. The dermal papilla, a cluster of specialized cells, is also found at the base of the hair follicle and plays a crucial role in regulating hair growth and development.

The correct answer is reticular connective tissue. Reticular connective tissue is a type of connective tissue that forms a network of fibers, providing structural support to organs such as lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow. It forms a framework that helps in the filtration and production of blood cells in the bone marrow, as well as in the filtration of lymph in the lymph nodes. This tissue is composed of reticular fibers and reticular cells, which give it its characteristic appearance and function.

Carotene is a pigment found in plants, particularly in fruits and vegetables that are orange or yellow in color, such as carrots. When foods high in carotene, like carrots, are consumed, the carotene is absorbed by the body and can be deposited in various tissues, including the skin. This deposition of carotene gives the skin a yellowish or orange hue, which is most obvious in the palms and soles of the feet. Therefore, the statement "is seen most abundantly when foods high in carotene, such as carrots, are eaten" is the correct explanation.

The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and is responsible for sensing light touch. If a person has lost the ability to feel light touch, it suggests that the epidermis has been damaged. The other layers mentioned (hypodermis, reticular layer, and papillary layer) are not directly involved in the sensation of touch.

Failure to produce mucus could be indicative of non functioning goblet cells. Goblet cells are specialized cells found in the respiratory and digestive tracts that secrete mucus, which helps to protect and lubricate these organs. If the goblet cells are not functioning properly, they may not be able to produce mucus, leading to a lack of protection and lubrication in these areas. This can have various implications for the overall health and functioning of the affected organs.

Keratinocytes would not be found in the dermis because they are the main type of cells found in the epidermis, which is the outermost layer of the skin. Keratinocytes are responsible for producing the protein keratin, which provides strength and waterproofing to the skin. The dermis, on the other hand, is the layer beneath the epidermis and is primarily composed of connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerve endings. It houses cells such as macrophages, mast cells, and neutrophils, which play roles in immune response and wound healing.

The extracellular matrix of blood is not erythrocytes. Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, are a component of blood but they are not the extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix of blood is a liquid called plasma, which contains various components such as water, proteins, electrolytes, hormones, and waste products. Erythrocytes are suspended in the plasma and function primarily in carrying oxygen to the body tissues. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

Smooth muscle tissue is not responsible for limb movement. Smooth muscle tissue is found in the walls of organs and blood vessels, and its main functions include aiding in digestion and blood circulation. It helps in the movement of food through the digestive system and in the regulation of blood flow. However, limb movement is primarily controlled by skeletal muscle tissue, which is responsible for voluntary movements.

Eccrine glands are sweat glands that are found in high numbers on the palms, soles of the feet, and forehead. They are responsible for producing sweat, which helps regulate body temperature. Apocrine glands, on the other hand, are found in the armpits and genital area, and they produce a thicker type of sweat that is odorless but can develop an odor when it comes into contact with bacteria on the skin. Holocrine glands are not involved in sweat production but rather produce oils that lubricate the skin and hair. Therefore, the correct answer is eccrine because it is the only type of gland mentioned that is found in the specified areas.

Squamous cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer that arises from the keratinocytes, which are cells found in the outermost layer of the skin called the stratum spinosum. This type of cancer does not involve basal cells or melanocytes, which are responsible for other types of skin cancer. Therefore, the correct answer is that squamous cell carcinoma involves keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum.

Smooth muscle forms blood capillaries. Smooth muscle is a type of muscle tissue that is found in the walls of blood vessels, including capillaries. It is responsible for regulating blood flow and maintaining blood pressure. The contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle cells help to control the diameter of blood vessels, allowing for the efficient exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues.

The term "apical" refers to the uppermost or outermost part of a cell. In the context of an epithelial cell, the apical region would be facing the lumen, which is the hollow space or cavity that the epithelium lines. The basement membrane, on the other hand, is a layer that anchors the epithelium to underlying tissues and is located at the basal side of the cell. Therefore, the correct answer is "apical" as it correctly describes the region of the epithelial cell that would be facing the lumen.

Simple cuboidal epithelium would be found around glands because this type of tissue is specialized for secretion and absorption. It consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells that have centrally located nuclei. This arrangement allows for efficient secretion and absorption of substances. Glands, such as sweat glands, salivary glands, and endocrine glands, require a specialized epithelium to produce and release their secretions. Simple cuboidal epithelium is well-suited for this function as it provides a large surface area for secretion and absorption while maintaining a compact structure.

Apocrine secretion is the correct answer because it involves the budding off and releasing of a secretory vesicle containing secretory contents and the apical portion of a cell to the lumen or external environment. This type of secretion is seen in certain glands, such as mammary glands, where the apical portion of the cell is shed along with the secretory vesicle.

The Achilles Heel is a tendon and its major matrix is collagen fibers. Tendons are fibrous connective tissues that attach muscles to bones, while ligaments connect bones to other bones. Collagen fibers provide strength and flexibility to tendons, making them suitable for transmitting forces from muscles to bones. Elastin fibers, on the other hand, provide elasticity and are more commonly found in ligaments, which need to stretch and recoil to allow for joint movement. Therefore, the correct statement is that the Achilles Heel is a tendon and its major matrix is collagen fibers.

The integumentary system, which includes the skin, hair, nails, and associated glands, serves several key functions such as protection through chemical and physical barriers, thermoregulation, and sensation. It does not, however, function to convert carcinogens. Thus, "conversion of carcinogens" is not a function of the integumentary system.

Male pattern balding, also known as androgenetic alopecia, is primarily caused by a follicular response to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). DHT is a hormone derived from testosterone that affects hair follicles, causing them to shrink and produce thinner, shorter, and less pigmented hair. This response to DHT gradually leads to the miniaturization of hair follicles, resulting in the characteristic pattern of hair loss seen in male pattern balding. The immune system's attack on hair follicles (alopecia) and the replacement of terminal hair with vellus hair are not the primary causes of male pattern balding.

If there was a problem in ectoderm formation during fetal development, the tissue that would be most affected is the nervous system. The ectoderm is the outermost layer of cells in the developing embryo, and it gives rise to various structures including the nervous system. The nervous system is derived from the neural tube, which is formed from the ectoderm. Therefore, any disruption in ectoderm formation would likely lead to abnormalities or impairments in the development of the nervous system.

If the mesoderm germ layer did not form properly during fetal development, both the dermis and hypodermis would be most affected. The mesoderm germ layer gives rise to the connective tissues, including the dermis and hypodermis, which are important components of the integumentary system. The dermis is the middle layer of the skin, responsible for providing structural support and housing blood vessels, nerves, and other structures. The hypodermis is the layer beneath the dermis, composed mainly of adipose tissue that acts as an insulator and energy store. Therefore, if the mesoderm germ layer is affected, both the dermis and hypodermis would be impacted.

The correct answer is "unstriated and uninucleated". This type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs. It is unstriated, meaning it does not have the striped appearance of striated muscle tissue. Additionally, it is uninucleated, meaning it contains only one nucleus per muscle fiber. This type of muscle tissue is responsible for involuntary movements and contractions in organs such as the stomach, intestines, and blood vessels.