Foot Health Practitioner - Qp2

1. Plain or smooth muscle is involuntary – we have no conscious control over its actions, these being controlled by the autonomic nervous system.

True

False

Plain or smooth muscle is indeed involuntary, meaning that we do not have conscious control over its actions. Instead, its actions are controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Therefore, the statement "Plain or smooth muscle is involuntary – we have no conscious control over its actions, these being controlled by the autonomic nervous system" is true.

Explanation

Plain or smooth muscle is indeed involuntary, meaning that we do not have conscious control over its actions. Instead, its actions are controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Therefore, the statement "Plain or smooth muscle is involuntary – we have no conscious control over its actions, these being controlled by the autonomic nervous system" is true.

2. The posterior compartment of the leg is divided into deep and superficial regions.

True

False

The posterior compartment of the leg is indeed divided into deep and superficial regions. This division is important as it helps in understanding the anatomy and function of the structures present in this compartment. The deep region contains important muscles such as the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris, which are responsible for plantar flexion of the foot. The superficial region contains the smaller muscles responsible for toe flexion. Understanding this division is crucial for diagnosing and treating injuries or conditions affecting the posterior compartment of the leg.

Explanation

The posterior compartment of the leg is indeed divided into deep and superficial regions. This division is important as it helps in understanding the anatomy and function of the structures present in this compartment. The deep region contains important muscles such as the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris, which are responsible for plantar flexion of the foot. The superficial region contains the smaller muscles responsible for toe flexion. Understanding this division is crucial for diagnosing and treating injuries or conditions affecting the posterior compartment of the leg.

3. Muscle tissue must be: (Select three)

Irritable

Static

Contractile

Extensible

Muscle tissue must be irritable because it is able to respond to stimuli. It must also be contractile, meaning it has the ability to shorten and generate force. Lastly, muscle tissue must be extensible, allowing it to stretch and lengthen. These characteristics are essential for muscle tissue to perform its functions, such as movement and maintaining posture.

Explanation

Muscle tissue must be irritable because it is able to respond to stimuli. It must also be contractile, meaning it has the ability to shorten and generate force. Lastly, muscle tissue must be extensible, allowing it to stretch and lengthen. These characteristics are essential for muscle tissue to perform its functions, such as movement and maintaining posture.

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4. HAV stands for:

Hallus adductor valgus

Hallus abducto valgus

Hallus anterior valgus

The correct answer is "Hallus abducto valgus". This term refers to a condition where the big toe deviates away from the midline of the foot and points towards the other toes. The term "abducto" indicates the movement of the toe away from the midline, and "valgus" refers to the outward angulation of the toe. This condition is commonly known as a bunion and can cause pain and discomfort in the affected foot.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Hallus abducto valgus". This term refers to a condition where the big toe deviates away from the midline of the foot and points towards the other toes. The term "abducto" indicates the movement of the toe away from the midline, and "valgus" refers to the outward angulation of the toe. This condition is commonly known as a bunion and can cause pain and discomfort in the affected foot.

5. Tendons attach each muscle to its origin.

True

False

The statement is incorrect because tendons attach muscles to their insertions, not their origins. The origin of a muscle is the point where it attaches to a stationary bone, while the insertion is the point where it attaches to a movable bone. Tendons play a crucial role in connecting muscles to bones and transmitting the force generated by the muscle to produce movement.

Explanation

The statement is incorrect because tendons attach muscles to their insertions, not their origins. The origin of a muscle is the point where it attaches to a stationary bone, while the insertion is the point where it attaches to a movable bone. Tendons play a crucial role in connecting muscles to bones and transmitting the force generated by the muscle to produce movement.

6. Joint changes demonstrate Wolff's Law and Davis's Law as the joint and associated soft tissues are modified by the existing imposed stresses.

True

False

The statement suggests that joint changes demonstrate Wolff's Law and Davis's Law. However, Wolff's Law states that bone in a healthy person or animal will adapt to the loads under which it is placed, while Davis's Law applies to soft tissues and states that they will adapt to the demands placed on them. Therefore, joint changes alone cannot demonstrate both laws as they apply to different structures. Thus, the answer is false.

Explanation

The statement suggests that joint changes demonstrate Wolff's Law and Davis's Law. However, Wolff's Law states that bone in a healthy person or animal will adapt to the loads under which it is placed, while Davis's Law applies to soft tissues and states that they will adapt to the demands placed on them. Therefore, joint changes alone cannot demonstrate both laws as they apply to different structures. Thus, the answer is false.