New Empires In The Americas

Explanation
The astrolabe was an invention used by sailors to navigate using the position of the stars. It was a handheld instrument that allowed sailors to measure the angle between the horizon and a celestial body, such as the sun or a star. By comparing these measurements with known values, sailors could determine their latitude and approximate their longitude, helping them navigate and plot their course at sea. The astrolabe was an important tool in maritime exploration and played a significant role in expanding trade and exploration during the Age of Discovery.

Explanation
The Line of Demarcation was the boundary established by the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494. It divided the newly discovered lands outside of Europe between Spain and Portugal. This agreement was made to prevent conflicts between the two countries over their exploration and colonization efforts. The Line of Demarcation granted Spain exclusive exploration and monopoly rights to the west of the line, while Portugal had the same rights to the east. This boundary allowed Spain to claim and control vast territories in the Americas, while Portugal focused on colonizing areas in Africa, Asia, and Brazil.

Explanation
The Treaty of Tordesillas was a treaty signed in 1494 between Spain and Portugal, mediated by the Pope. This treaty aimed to divide the newly discovered lands outside of Europe between the two countries. The treaty established a line of demarcation, dividing the world into two parts. Spain was granted rights to the lands west of the line, including the Americas, while Portugal was granted rights to the lands east of the line, including Africa and Brazil. Therefore, the Treaty of Tordesillas gave Portugal the rights to the lands in Africa and Brazil.

Explanation
The correct answer is Columbian Exchange. The Columbian Exchange refers to the transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and technology between the Old World (Europe, Africa, and Asia) and the New World (the Americas) following Christopher Columbus's voyages in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. This exchange had a profound impact on both sides, as it introduced new crops, such as potatoes and tomatoes, to Europe, while also bringing devastating diseases, such as smallpox, to the Americas. It also facilitated the spread of cultural and technological advancements between the two worlds.

Explanation
A pueblo is a type of town that typically includes a central plaza, a church, homes, and businesses. This type of town is commonly found in Spanish-speaking regions, particularly in the southwestern United States and Mexico. The term "pueblo" is derived from the Spanish word for "village" or "town." Therefore, given the description provided, it is reasonable to conclude that the correct answer is pueblo.

Explanation
The statement is false because the Protestant Reformation was not a movement in the Middle Ages, but rather a religious and social movement that took place in the 16th century. It aimed to reform the Catholic Church and led to the creation of various Protestant denominations, including Lutheranism.

Explanation
The encomienda system was a colonial labor system implemented by the Spanish in the Americas. Under this system, Spanish settlers were granted the right to demand labor and tribute from the indigenous people living in the region. This labor could include farming, mining, or other forms of work. Therefore, the statement that the encomienda system allowed new settlers the right to demand native labor is true.

Explanation
The statement is false because the conquistadores were actually Spanish soldiers, not Portuguese. They were responsible for leading military expeditions into the Americas, but their main goal was to conquer and colonize the territories they encountered, rather than solely seeking riches and fame.

Explanation
The given statement is false. The Northwest Passage was not a route that led explorers from the Mediterranean Sea to Asia. Instead, it was a sea route through the Arctic Ocean, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It was sought after by explorers as a shorter route to Asia, but it actually passes through the Arctic region of North America. The Northwest Passage was not successfully navigated until the early 20th century.

Explanation
During the late 16th century, tensions between Spain and England were high due to religious and political differences. The Spanish Armada was a fleet of ships sent by Spain in 1588 with the intention of invading England, overthrowing Queen Elizabeth I, and reinstating Catholicism as the dominant religion. This was seen as a direct threat to the Anglican Church, which was established by Queen Elizabeth and was Protestant in nature. Therefore, the statement that the Spanish Armada attempted to overthrow Queen Elizabeth and the Anglican Church is true.