Age Of Exploration/Reformation Ncfe Review 2018
Final Test for the Unit! Best of Luck to You!
- 1.
Which of the following best describes why the Age of Exploration occurred?
- A.
England and Spain wanted to expand their empire
- B.
Spain had claimed North and South America
- C.
European rulers wanted to find a cheaper way to obtain spices from Asia
- D.
English defeated the Spanish Armada
Correct Answer
C. European rulers wanted to find a cheaper way to obtain spices from AsiaExplanation
During the Age of Exploration, European rulers were motivated by the desire to find a more cost-effective route to obtain valuable spices from Asia. At the time, the spice trade was highly profitable but relied on long and expensive overland routes. European powers sought to bypass these routes by finding a direct sea route to Asia, which would allow them to obtain spices more easily and at a lower cost. This desire for economic gain and access to valuable resources was a significant driving force behind the Age of Exploration.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which of the following is a negative effect of the Columbian Exchange?
- A.
Corn
- B.
Disease
- C.
Horses
- D.
Potatoes
Correct Answer
B. DiseaseExplanation
The negative effect of the Columbian Exchange was the introduction of new diseases to the Americas. When Europeans arrived in the Americas, they brought diseases such as smallpox, measles, and influenza, which the Native Americans had no immunity to. This led to devastating epidemics and a significant decrease in the Native American population.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Why was the Columbian Exchange named after Christopher Columbus?
- A.
He invented the term
- B.
He was an expert on New World species
- C.
His ship was nicknamed the Columbian Exchange
- D.
His voyages marked the beginning of the exchange
Correct Answer
D. His voyages marked the beginning of the exchangeExplanation
The Columbian Exchange was named after Christopher Columbus because his voyages marked the beginning of the exchange. As Columbus explored the New World, he encountered various plants, animals, and diseases that were previously unknown in Europe. This led to a significant exchange of goods, ideas, and diseases between the Old World and the New World. Columbus's voyages were the catalyst for this exchange, making him the namesake for this historical event.Rate this question:
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- 4.
During the Columbian Exchange, which way did plants, animals, diseases , people, and ideas flow?
- A.
From west to east only
- B.
From east to west only
- C.
Form both east to west and west to east
- D.
North to south
Correct Answer
C. Form both east to west and west to eastExplanation
During the Columbian Exchange, plants, animals, diseases, people, and ideas flowed in both directions, from east to west and from west to east. This was a period of extensive cultural and biological exchange between the Old World (Europe, Africa, and Asia) and the New World (the Americas). European explorers brought crops, livestock, and diseases to the Americas, while they also encountered new plants, animals, and ideas from the indigenous peoples. This exchange had significant impacts on both sides, shaping the economies, societies, and environments of the regions involved.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which group introduced horses within the Columbian Exchange?
- A.
Spanish
- B.
English
- C.
Native Americans
- D.
Dutch
Correct Answer
A. SpanishExplanation
The Spanish introduced horses within the Columbian Exchange. The Columbian Exchange refers to the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas, Europe, and Africa following Christopher Columbus's arrival in the Americas in 1492. Horses were one of the key animals brought by the Spanish to the Americas, and their introduction had a significant impact on the Native American cultures and the development of new economies and transportation systems in the region.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Why did Columbus call the Native Americans, Indians?
- A.
He thought that he had landed in Asia
- B.
He thought that he had the best name for them
- C.
He thought that he had landed in India, and called them Indians
- D.
The Indians used sign language and told Columbus the proper name
Correct Answer
C. He thought that he had landed in India, and called them IndiansExplanation
Columbus called the Native Americans Indians because he mistakenly believed that he had landed in India. He was searching for a new trade route to India when he arrived in the Americas, and due to his misconception, he referred to the indigenous people as Indians.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which European nation sent explorers towards Asia in search of better trade routes first?
- A.
Spain
- B.
France
- C.
England
- D.
Portugal
Correct Answer
D. PortugalExplanation
Portugal is the correct answer because they were the first European nation to send explorers towards Asia in search of better trade routes. In the 15th century, Portuguese explorers such as Vasco da Gama successfully sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and reached India, establishing lucrative trade routes and establishing Portugal as a major player in global trade. This early exploration and trade with Asia laid the foundation for Portugal's colonial empire and their dominance in the Age of Discovery.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following reasons does not belong for Exploration towards the New World?(4 R's)
- A.
Routes
- B.
Riches
- C.
Religion
- D.
Roads
Correct Answer
D. RoadsExplanation
The reason "Roads" does not belong in the list of reasons for exploration towards the New World because roads are not a commonly recognized factor that motivated explorers to venture into unknown territories. The other three reasons - Routes, Riches, and Religion - are well-known motivations for exploration during this time period.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the following statements would be true concerning the tools of early navigators?
- A.
Navigators tools were often inaccurate and could put a ship crew off the orginial course
- B.
Navigators had advanced tools for the time period and always were on course to destination
- C.
Explorers maps were models for the 21st Century--- easy to navigate
- D.
Navigators only relied on the ocean currents and sky in order to get to New World
Correct Answer
A. Navigators tools were often inaccurate and could put a ship crew off the orginial courseExplanation
The correct answer states that navigators tools were often inaccurate and could put a ship crew off the original course. This means that the tools used by early navigators were not always reliable and could lead to navigational errors, causing the ship to deviate from its intended course.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The Treaty of Tordesailles is important today because:
- A.
South American nations have a strong connection to Spain and Christian based religions due to the negotations that took place in 1494
- B.
North America became a colony of Portugal
- C.
This treaty had no impact on life today
- D.
The Spanish took over all the land in the New World and Old World
Correct Answer
A. South American nations have a strong connection to Spain and Christian based religions due to the negotations that took place in 1494Explanation
The correct answer is South American nations have a strong connection to Spain and Christian based religions due to the negotiations that took place in 1494. This is because the Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in 1494, divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Spain and Portugal. As a result, Spain gained control over most of South America, leading to the colonization and spread of Spanish culture, language, and religion in the region. This historical connection between Spain and South America is still evident today in the shared language, religion, and cultural heritage.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The Spanish conquistadors only wanted to bring religion to the New World.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement "The Spanish conquistadors only wanted to bring religion to the New World" is false. While religion was certainly a motivating factor for the Spanish conquistadors, their primary goal was to expand the Spanish Empire, acquire wealth, and establish political control over the lands they encountered in the New World. They sought to exploit the resources and establish colonies, often using force and violence to achieve their objectives. Religion was used as a justification for their actions, but it was not their sole purpose.Rate this question:
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- 12.
African Americans were sold into slavery once that Native American population started to die out- for a needed labor force in the mines, etc.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement suggests that African Americans were sold into slavery as a result of the declining Native American population. This was done to fulfill the need for a labor force in industries such as mining. The answer is true because historical records show that African Americans were indeed enslaved and used as a labor force during this time period.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Columbus : Spain Vasco da Gama: _______________
- A.
Portugal
- B.
England
- C.
France
- D.
Russia
Correct Answer
A. PortugalExplanation
Vasco da Gama, like Columbus, was an explorer who embarked on a significant voyage. Columbus sailed for Spain, while Vasco da Gama sailed for Portugal. Therefore, the correct answer is Portugal.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Using the passage from Columbus ship log in 1492, answer the following question. September 24, 1492: " I am having serious troubles with the crew, despite the signs of land that we have... I am told by a few trusted men... that if I persist in going forward they will throw me into the sea some night. They will then affirm that I fell overboard while taking the position of the North Star with my quadrant. Since I am a foreigner, little or no account will be asked of the matter..."Based upon this ship log entry, what type of relationship do you think that Columbus had with his crew?
- A.
Pleasant
- B.
Joyful
- C.
Contempt/upseting
- D.
Accepted
Correct Answer
C. Contempt/upsetingExplanation
Based on the ship log entry, it can be inferred that Columbus had a contemptuous and upsetting relationship with his crew. He mentions having serious troubles with the crew and expresses concerns about their intentions to harm him. This suggests a strained and negative dynamic between Columbus and his crew, rather than a joyful or pleasant relationship. The crew's threat to throw him into the sea and their lack of concern for his safety due to his foreigner status further indicate a troubled and upsetting relationship.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the following would be the greatest cause of death to Native Americans (indigenous peoples) during the Age of Exploration?
- A.
Searching for new trade routes to Asia
- B.
Disease
- C.
Warfare
- D.
Slavery
Correct Answer
B. DiseaseExplanation
During the Age of Exploration, the greatest cause of death to Native Americans (indigenous peoples) was disease. When European explorers arrived in the Americas, they brought with them various diseases, such as smallpox, measles, and influenza, to which Native Americans had no immunity. As a result, these diseases spread rapidly among Native American populations, causing devastating epidemics and leading to a significant decline in their numbers. Disease had a far greater impact on Native American populations than searching for new trade routes to Asia, warfare, or slavery.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Identify the postive impact of the Columbian Exchange.
- A.
Bird flu which spreads globally
- B.
Slavery
- C.
Crops and new foods are spread across the globe
- D.
Diseases spread rapidly like small pox
Correct Answer
C. Crops and new foods are spread across the globeExplanation
The positive impact of the Columbian Exchange was the spread of crops and new foods across the globe. This exchange of plants and agricultural products between the Americas and Europe resulted in the introduction of crops like potatoes, tomatoes, and corn to Europe, while wheat, rice, and coffee were brought to the Americas. This led to increased diversity in diets and improved agricultural practices, ultimately benefiting both continents.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The Spanish set up missions in the New World in order to spread Christanity.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The Spanish set up missions in the New World to spread Christianity. This was a part of their efforts to convert the indigenous populations to Catholicism and to establish a religious and cultural influence in the newly discovered territories. These missions served as centers for religious instruction, conversion, and the establishment of Christian communities. The Spanish believed that spreading Christianity was not only a religious duty but also a way to justify their colonization and control over the native populations.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which factor explains why European nations wanted to increase trade with other nations?
- A.
The scarcity of resources in Europe
- B.
The desire to explore into unknown lands across the globe
- C.
Religious wars
- D.
The value of cultural exchange between nations
Correct Answer
A. The scarcity of resources in EuropeExplanation
The scarcity of resources in Europe explains why European nations wanted to increase trade with other nations. Europe had limited resources, such as land, minerals, and certain goods, and increasing trade allowed them to access resources that were not readily available in their own countries. By engaging in trade, European nations could obtain the resources they needed to support their growing populations and economies. This factor motivated them to explore and establish trade routes with other nations in order to meet their resource demands.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Determine which navigational tool does not belong with the Age of Exploration.
- A.
Compass
- B.
Clock
- C.
Quadrant
- D.
Astrolabe
Correct Answer
B. ClockExplanation
The clock does not belong with the Age of Exploration because it was not invented until the 14th century, which was after the Age of Exploration had already begun. The compass, quadrant, and astrolabe were all navigational tools that were used during this time period to help sailors navigate and explore new territories. However, the clock was not used for navigation purposes during the Age of Exploration and therefore does not belong with the other tools.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Why was Prince Henry the Navigator important to Portugal?
- A.
He discovered new lands for his nation
- B.
He began a school for navigators to learn the innovations (technologies) involved in sailing
- C.
He broke away from the Moors
- D.
He went to war with Spain in order to lead the way for the search for Asian spice routes
Correct Answer
B. He began a school for navigators to learn the innovations (technologies) involved in sailingExplanation
Prince Henry the Navigator was important to Portugal because he began a school for navigators to learn the innovations and technologies involved in sailing. This school, known as the School of Sagres, played a crucial role in advancing Portugal's exploration and maritime capabilities. It provided a platform for sailors and navigators to exchange knowledge and develop new techniques, which ultimately led to the discovery of new lands and the establishment of Portugal as a major maritime power during the Age of Discovery.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Native Americans converted to Christianity and worked in the missions in order to escape the Spanish conquistadors.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because Native Americans saw conversion to Christianity and working in the missions as a way to avoid the harsh treatment and exploitation by the Spanish conquistadors. By embracing Christianity and participating in mission activities, they hoped to gain protection and some degree of autonomy within the mission communities. This allowed them to preserve their cultural identity to some extent while also finding a means of survival in the face of colonization.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Martin Luther helped to begin unknowingly what key event?
- A.
Renaissance
- B.
Protestant Reformation
- C.
Age of Discovery
- D.
Enlightenment
Correct Answer
B. Protestant ReformationExplanation
Martin Luther played a crucial role in initiating the Protestant Reformation. He unintentionally started this key event when he posted his Ninety-Five Theses on the door of the All Saints' Church in Wittenberg, Germany in 1517. Luther's theses criticized the Catholic Church's corrupt practices, particularly the sale of indulgences. This act sparked a widespread movement of religious reform that led to the establishment of Protestantism as a separate branch of Christianity. The Protestant Reformation had a profound impact on European society, challenging the authority of the Catholic Church and promoting religious freedom and individual interpretation of the Bible.Rate this question:
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- 23.
What motivated Martin Luther to speak out against the Catholic Church?
- A.
The sell of indulgences were getting out of control and people were spending a large portion of salary on "buying" forgiveness
- B.
The printing press was out and he was angry that he was not promoted to become the Pope
- C.
The Catholic Church had moved him to be a priest in a smaller town, he was going to make less money
- D.
He wanted to create his own religion
Correct Answer
A. The sell of indulgences were getting out of control and people were spending a large portion of salary on "buying" forgivenessExplanation
Martin Luther was motivated to speak out against the Catholic Church because he observed that the sale of indulgences had become excessive and people were spending a significant portion of their income on purchasing forgiveness. This exploitation of religious practices troubled Luther, leading him to challenge the Church's teachings and advocate for reform.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Luther nailed the 95 Theses up to the door of the Catholic Church, this began the Reformation in 1517.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Luther's act of nailing the 95 Theses to the door of the Catholic Church did indeed mark the beginning of the Reformation in 1517. This action by Martin Luther, a German monk and theologian, was a public declaration of his grievances against the Catholic Church and its corrupt practices. It sparked widespread debate and criticism, leading to a significant split within Christianity and the emergence of Protestantism as a separate branch.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Tyndale translated the Bible into English which will be used later on in time to help create the King James Bible in the 1600's.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Tyndale's translation of the Bible into English was indeed used as a foundation for the creation of the King James Bible in the 1600s. The King James Bible, also known as the Authorized Version, was a translation of the Bible into English commissioned by King James I of England and published in 1611. It drew heavily on Tyndale's work, incorporating much of his language and phrasing. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Reformation: ____________ revolutionRenaissance: cultural revolution
- A.
Political
- B.
Religious
- C.
Economic
- D.
Social
Correct Answer
B. ReligiousExplanation
The given question is asking for a word that completes the analogy between "Reformation" and "revolution" and "Renaissance" and "cultural revolution". Both the Reformation and the Renaissance were periods of significant change and transformation. The Reformation was a religious revolution that challenged and reformed the Catholic Church, while the Renaissance was a cultural revolution that sparked a renewed interest in art, literature, and learning. Therefore, the correct answer is "religious" as it completes the analogy between the two pairs.Rate this question:
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- 27.
The Roman Catholic Church dominated life in Europe before the Protestant Reformation
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Before the Protestant Reformation, the Roman Catholic Church held significant power and influence in Europe. It was the dominant religious institution and played a central role in shaping political, social, and cultural life. The Church controlled vast amounts of land, wealth, and resources, and its teachings and practices were deeply ingrained in European society. The Reformation, which began in the 16th century, challenged the authority of the Catholic Church and led to the establishment of Protestant denominations. Therefore, the statement "The Roman Catholic Church dominated life in Europe before the Protestant Reformation" is true.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Indulgences were a source of money/income for the Roman Catholic Church.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Indulgences were indeed a source of money/income for the Roman Catholic Church. During the medieval period, indulgences were sold to the faithful as a way to reduce the amount of punishment one would have to undergo for their sins. People believed that by purchasing indulgences, they could receive forgiveness and shorten their time in purgatory. The money collected from the sale of indulgences was used to fund various projects and expenses of the church, including the construction of grand cathedrals and the financing of wars. This practice eventually led to widespread criticism and was one of the factors that sparked the Protestant Reformation.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Read the following from Machiavelli’s The Prince:“…men are ungrateful, fickle, false, cowardly, covetous… Nevertheless a prince ought to inspire fear in such a waythat, if he does not win love, he avoids hatred; because he can endure very well being feared whilst he is not hated…”In his book, Niccolo Machiavelli describes people, the world, and how to obtain power. He does not portraythe world and people as they could be but simply as they are. This represents which concept?
- A.
Humanism
- B.
Traditionalism
- C.
Religion
- D.
Power
Correct Answer
A. HumanismExplanation
The correct answer is humanism because Machiavelli's description of people as ungrateful, fickle, false, cowardly, and covetous reflects a realistic and pragmatic view of human nature. He focuses on understanding people as they are, rather than idealizing or romanticizing them. This aligns with the principles of humanism, which emphasizes the importance of studying and understanding human behavior and nature. Machiavelli's approach is rooted in a secular and practical perspective, rather than being influenced by traditionalism, religion, or a singular focus on power.Rate this question:
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- 30.
How did power and authority change during the Renaissance and Reformation Eras?
- A.
The Catholic Church became more powerful and controlled more aspects of life
- B.
The military gained total control of many of the lands in Europe and became the authority
- C.
The Catholic Church lost power over the people and the monarchs became more powerful
- D.
The serfs and peasants rose in revolt and gained power in many European countries
Correct Answer
C. The Catholic Church lost power over the people and the monarchs became more powerfulExplanation
During the Renaissance and Reformation Eras, there was a significant shift in power and authority. The Catholic Church, which had previously held immense control over the people, began to lose its power. This was due to the rise of the Protestant Reformation and the questioning of the Church's teachings. As a result, monarchs started to gain more power and authority, as they took advantage of the weakening Church to assert their control over their territories. This shift marked a significant change in the balance of power during this period.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Which of the following best describes a change that occurred in both the Renaissance andReformation?
- A.
new questioning spirit and independent attitude emerged
- B.
Technology and science were considered unimportant
- C.
The use of reason and logic in society were discouraged
- D.
More societies began to use feudalism in Europe
Correct Answer
A. new questioning spirit and independent attitude emergedExplanation
During both the Renaissance and Reformation, a new questioning spirit and independent attitude emerged. The Renaissance was a period of intellectual and artistic growth, where individuals began to challenge traditional beliefs and explore new ideas. Similarly, the Reformation was a religious movement that encouraged individuals to question the authority of the Catholic Church and seek their own interpretation of the Bible. Both periods witnessed a shift towards individualism, critical thinking, and a desire for personal freedom, leading to the emergence of a new questioning spirit and independent attitude.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Which would probably not be around today had the Reformation not been successful?
- A.
The Catholic Church and the Pope
- B.
Protestant groups such as Baptists and Methodists
- C.
Monarchies and oligarchies
- D.
The Printing Press
Correct Answer
B. Protestant groups such as Baptists and MethodistsExplanation
If the Reformation had not been successful, it is likely that Protestant groups such as Baptists and Methodists would not be around today. The Reformation was a movement in the 16th century that led to the split of the Christian Church into Catholic and Protestant factions. Protestant groups emerged as a result of this movement, with their own distinct beliefs and practices. Without the success of the Reformation, these Protestant groups may not have been able to establish themselves and survive as separate entities from the Catholic Church.Rate this question:
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