Neuroscience Exam III

1. The choroid plexus is the source of:

Neurotransmitters

Cerebral spinal fluid

Lymph fluid

Myelin

2. The 4th ventricle is found within what 3 structures of the brain?

Pons, medulla, and cerebellum

Anterior horn, posterior horn, and inferior horn

Lamina terminalis, rhomboid fossa, and lateral recess

Parietal, occipital, and temporal lobe

3. The muscle spindle has a key role in regulating muscle tone.

True

False

4. The main function of cerebral spinal fluid is:

Storing neurotransmitters

Bathing and nourishing brain and spinal cord

Providing feedback to the vestibulocochlear system

Providing padding for the viscous fluid in the eye

Submit

6. The ventricluar system is not connected to the venous system.

True

False

7. The 4th ventricle goes on to become the:

Choroid plexus

Diencephalon

Central canal

Arterioles

Submit

9. What is the tentoruim cerebelli?

A white matter tract

A structure found within the cerebellum

A structure that separates the cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum

A structure that is associated with the corpus callosum

10. Interocepters of the peripheral nervous system are found in internal viscera and blood vessels

True

False

11. The choroid plexus is vascularized.

True

False

12. The dura mater is pain sensitive.

True

False

13. The narrow, slit-shaped 3rd ventricle occupies most of the midline region of the:

Trigone

Choroid plexus

Septum pellucidum

Diencephalon

Submit

15. Another name for the foramen of Monroe is:

Interventricular foramen

Cerebral aquaduct of Sylvius

Central canal

Median aperture

16. The falx cerebrix is a structure associated with the:

Dura mater

Arachnoid

Subarachnoid space

Pia mater

17. What is the dura mater critical for?

Aiding in neurotransmitter storage

Absorbing extra cerebral spinal fluid

Providing protection against infection

Stabilization of the brain

18. Gamma 2 fibers go to nuclear chains.

True

False

19. The 3rd ventricle is connected to the 4th ventricle by the:

Lateral aperture

Median aperture

Foramen of Monroe

Cerebral aquaduct of Sylvius

20. What are the names of the apertures that come off of the 4th ventricles?

Interventricular foramen and foramen magna

Foramen of Monroe and Aquaduct of Sylvius

Foramen of Magendie and Foramen of Luschka

Inferior foramen and cerebral aquaduct

21. During a brain dissection, the pia mater is relatively easy to peel off the brain.

True

False

Pia mater adheres closely to all external surfaces of the brain (gyri and sulci) and merges with the arachnoid trabeculae.

Explanation

Pia mater adheres closely to all external surfaces of the brain (gyri and sulci) and merges with the arachnoid trabeculae.

22. The dura mater gets its blood supply from the:

Middle meningeal artery

Anterior meningeal artery

Medial cerebral artery

Posterior dural artery

23. Epidural hematomas are most commonly caused by the rupture of the:

Denticulate artery

Middle meningeal artery

Anterior meningeal artery

Superior cerebral artery

24. One subclavian artery comes directly off of the ascending aorta and the other subclavian artery branches off from the brachiocephalic trunk.

True

False

25. The internal carotid artery gives rise to:

Thalamotuberal artery

Brachiocephalic trunk

Subclavian artery

Facial artery

C and D only

None of the above

26. Correctly match the arteries listed on the left to the arteries they give rise to.

Subclavian arteries

Common carotid artery

Internal carotid artery

Vertebral arteries

Basilar arteries

Submit

27. Correctly match what areas of the brain each artery supplies.

Anterior cerebral arteries

Middle cerebral arteries

Posterior cerebral arteries

Lenticulostriate arteries

Submit

28. The 4th ventricle communicates or connects with what structure?

Inferior medullary velum

Pituitary gland

Subarachnoid cisterns

Superior medullary velum

29. The purpose of the dural sinuses is to:

Work with the choroid plexus to produce cerebral spinal fluid

Provide openings for blood vessels and nerves

Aid in creating an adequate blood/brain barrier

Help attach the dura mater to the cranium

30. The lateral ventricle is connected to the 3rd ventricle by the:

Cerebral aquaduct of Sylvius

Interventricular foramen

Choroid Plexus

Foramen of Magendie

31. The common carotid of the aorta gives rise to:

External carotid

Vetebral artery

Internal carotid

Posterior cerebral artery

A and C

B and D

All of the above

None of the above

32. The cranial nerve system is associated with sensory aspects of the meninges.

True

False

Dura is pain sensitive because of the trigeminal nerve.

Explanation

Dura is pain sensitive because of the trigeminal nerve.

33. How many horns does the lateral ventricle have?

4

3

2

1

34. The three types of blood vessels that make up the choroid plexus are: Check all that apply.

Artery

Arteriole

Capillaries

Venules

Veins

Submit

35. How many types of intrafusal muscle fibers are there?

2

3

4

5

36. Golgi tendon organs help to prevent:

Muscle tearing

Autogenic inhibition

Muscle relaxation

Dual inhibition

37. Large receptor fields of the homunculus are associated with:

The abdomen

Upper and lower extremities

The back

All of the above

38. Nuclear bag fibers respond to:

Chemical changes in the muscle (e.g., lactic acid build up)

Changes in muscle length and the velocity of stretch

The intensity of the muscle contraction

New muscle length

Submit

40. Gamma motor neurons regulate:

Spinal reflexes

Deep tendon reflexes

Muscle length/tone

Afferent information

41. If proprioceptive information from the muscle spindle goes to the alpha motor neuron of the opposite muscle to inhibit contraction, it is considered:

Reciprocal inhibition

Agonistic inhibition

Isolated inhibition

Dual inhibition

42. Small receptor fields of the homunculus are associated with:

The abdomen

Upper and lower extremities

The back

The tongue, mouth, hand, and fingers

All of the above

43. Intrafusal muscle fibers are also known as skeletal muscles.

True

False

44. Gamma 1 fibers go to nuclear chains.

True

False

They go to nuclear bags

Explanation

They go to nuclear bags

45. If proprioceptive information from the muscle spindle goes to the alpha motor neuron of the same muscle to facilitate contraction, it is considered:

Dual excitation

Autogenic excitation

Synergistic excitation

Isolated excitation

46. What makes up the choroid plexus?

Ependymal layer

Pia

Capillaries

A + B

B + C

All of the above

None of the above

47. The arachnoid meningeal layer is vascularized.

True

False

48. The purpose of the arachnoid meninge is to:

Help circulate cerebral spinal fluid

Provide a barrier against bacteria

Help clean dead/dying brain cells

Keep the brain suspended

49. Which space(s) or layer(s) is/are considered not "true" space(s)/layer(s) because it/they only show up because of a cranial bleed? Check all that apply.

Subarachnoid space

Subdural space

Arachnoid barrier layer

Epidural space

Submit

50. The protopathic developmental classifcation of the peripheral nervous system (PNS): Check all that apply

Detects specific or highly localized stimuli

Is the older system of the PNS

Is associated with crude bodily sensation

Is associated with determining exact joint position

Responds to dull pain

Is important for the 2-point discrimination test

Protopathic system: Older system, poorly localizing, crude bodily sensation.

Epicritic system: Newer system, detects specific/highly localized stimuli (e.g., exact joint position or 2-point discrimination)

Explanation

Protopathic system: Older system, poorly localizing, crude bodily sensation.

Epicritic system: Newer system, detects specific/highly localized stimuli (e.g., exact joint position or 2-point discrimination)

Submit

51. Ruffini endings detect:

Pressure

Touch

Pain

Temperature

52. Golgi tendon organs send proprioceptive information along _______ fibers to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

Ia

Ib

IIa

IIb

53. Nuclear chain fibers respond to:

Change in muscle length and velocity of stretch

Chemical changes in the muscle (e.g., lactic acid build up)

The intensity of the muscle contraction

New muscle length

54. Exteroceptors of the peripheral nervous system:

Are found in the external walls of internal organs

Are sensitive to chemical changes

Are found near the body surface

Are sensitive to touch

Are sensitive to stretch changes

A, B, and D only

C and D only

All of the above

None of the above

55. Put the layers in order, 1 being the most superficial layer and 8 being the most deep layer.

Subarachnoid space

Skull

Subdural space

Epidural space

Brain

Pia Mater

Dura Mater

Arachnoid

Submit

56. Ia (primary) muscle spindle sensory endings: Check all that apply

Are small and not myelinated

End on bags and chains fibers

Detect muscle length

57. Renshaw cells of the spinal cord are important for:

Autogenic excitation

Initiating synergistic movement

Combining motor movements

Refinement of motor control

58. What arteries directly make up the Circle of Willis AKA Cerebral Arterial Circle? Check all that apply.

Basilar artery

Ophthalmic artery

Posterior cerebral artery

Internal carotid artery

Posteromedial central artery

Anterior communicating artery

Hypothalamic artery

Pontine artery

Anterior cerebral artery

Middle cerebral artery

Lenticulostriate artery

Posterior communicating artery

Remember, the medial cerebral artery is technically not considered part of the Circle of Willis even though it branches off directly from the internal carotid artery.

Explanation

Remember, the medial cerebral artery is technically not considered part of the Circle of Willis even though it branches off directly from the internal carotid artery.

Submit

59. What are the functions of the Circle of Willis?

Directly supplying the brainstem

Providing protection against blockages

Aiding in the circulation of cerebral spinal fluid

All of the above

A and B only

B and C only

The Circle of Willis supplies the diencephalon, internal capsule, and optic chiasm

Explanation

The Circle of Willis supplies the diencephalon, internal capsule, and optic chiasm

60. Meissner corpuscles detect:

Pressure

Touch

Vibration

Pain

Temperature

A and B

D and E

61. The anterior communicating artery: Check all that apply.

Connects the left and right anterior arteries of the brain

Is not part of the Circle of Willis

Is an anastomose

Is rostral to the optic chiasm

Submit

62. Gamma motor neurons: Check all that apply

Receive information from the cuneocerebellar tracts

Are slow conducting

Innervate muscle spindle

Receive information from the reticulospinal tracts

Receive information from the dorsal columns

Gamma motor neurons regulate muscle tone/length. They innervate muscle spindles. They are fast conducting and heavily myelinated. They receive info from: vestibulospinal, rubrospinal, reticulospinal, and corticospinal.

Explanation

Gamma motor neurons regulate muscle tone/length. They innervate muscle spindles. They are fast conducting and heavily myelinated. They receive info from: vestibulospinal, rubrospinal, reticulospinal, and corticospinal.

Submit

63. Proprioceptors: Check all that apply

Are found in the inner ear

Respond to the degree of stretch of the organs they occupy

"advise" the brain of one's movements

Are found in skeletal muscle, tendons, joints, ligaments, and connective tissue.

Submit

64. Secondary somatosensory association areas: Check all that apply

Are important for initial reception

Give meaning to multiple modes of sensory stimuli

Are important for discrimination and interpretation of stimuli

Usually only interpret one mode of sensory stimuli

Submit

65. Put the alpha-gamma co-activation sequence in the right order.

1

2

3

4

5

Submit

Neuroscience Exam III

1. The choroid plexus is the source of:

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. The 4th ventricle is found within what 3 structures of the brain?

3. The muscle spindle has a key role in regulating muscle tone.

4. The main function of cerebral spinal fluid is:

5. _______________________ are stimulated by deforming their shape (e.g., hair cell, skin receptor, stretch receptor).

6. The ventricluar system is not connected to the venous system.

7. The 4th ventricle goes on to become the:

8. The ___________ is the thickest of the meninges and is attached to the cranium

9. What is the tentoruim cerebelli?

10. Interocepters of the peripheral nervous system are found in internal viscera and blood vessels

11. The choroid plexus is vascularized.

12. The dura mater is pain sensitive.

13. The narrow, slit-shaped 3rd ventricle occupies most of the midline region of the:

14. The falx cerebrix projects into the ___________.

15. Another name for the foramen of Monroe is:

16. The falx cerebrix is a structure associated with the:

17. What is the dura mater critical for?

18. Gamma 2 fibers go to nuclear chains.

19. The 3rd ventricle is connected to the 4th ventricle by the:

20. What are the names of the apertures that come off of the 4th ventricles?

21. During a brain dissection, the pia mater is relatively easy to peel off the brain.

22. The dura mater gets its blood supply from the:

23. Epidural hematomas are most commonly caused by the rupture of the:

24. One subclavian artery comes directly off of the ascending aorta and the other subclavian artery branches off from the brachiocephalic trunk.

25. The internal carotid artery gives rise to:

26. Correctly match the arteries listed on the left to the arteries they give rise to.

27. Correctly match what areas of the brain each artery supplies.

28. The 4th ventricle communicates or connects with what structure?

29. The purpose of the dural sinuses is to:

30. The lateral ventricle is connected to the 3rd ventricle by the:

31. The common carotid of the aorta gives rise to:

32. The cranial nerve system is associated with sensory aspects of the meninges.

33. How many horns does the lateral ventricle have?

34. The three types of blood vessels that make up the choroid plexus are: Check all that apply.

35. How many types of intrafusal muscle fibers are there?

36. Golgi tendon organs help to prevent:

37. Large receptor fields of the homunculus are associated with:

38. Nuclear bag fibers respond to:

39. Cerebral spinal fluid enters venous circulation via the ______________________.

40. Gamma motor neurons regulate:

41. If proprioceptive information from the muscle spindle goes to the alpha motor neuron of the opposite muscle to inhibit contraction, it is considered:

42. Small receptor fields of the homunculus are associated with:

43. Intrafusal muscle fibers are also known as skeletal muscles.

44. Gamma 1 fibers go to nuclear chains.

45. If proprioceptive information from the muscle spindle goes to the alpha motor neuron of the same muscle to facilitate contraction, it is considered:

46. What makes up the choroid plexus?

47. The arachnoid meningeal layer is vascularized.

48. The purpose of the arachnoid meninge is to:

49. Which space(s) or layer(s) is/are considered not "true" space(s)/layer(s) because it/they only show up because of a cranial bleed? Check all that apply.

50. The protopathic developmental classifcation of the peripheral nervous system (PNS): Check all that apply

51. Ruffini endings detect:

52. Golgi tendon organs send proprioceptive information along _______ fibers to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

53. Nuclear chain fibers respond to:

54. Exteroceptors of the peripheral nervous system:

55. Put the layers in order, 1 being the most superficial layer and 8 being the most deep layer.

56. Ia (primary) muscle spindle sensory endings: Check all that apply

57. Renshaw cells of the spinal cord are important for:

58. What arteries directly make up the Circle of Willis AKA Cerebral Arterial Circle? Check all that apply.

59. What are the functions of the Circle of Willis?

60. Meissner corpuscles detect:

61. The anterior communicating artery: Check all that apply.

62. Gamma motor neurons: Check all that apply

63. Proprioceptors: Check all that apply

64. Secondary somatosensory association areas: Check all that apply

65. Put the alpha-gamma co-activation sequence in the right order.