Neuroscience Exam III

The 4th ventricle is found within what 3 structures of the brain?

• Pons, medulla, and cerebellum

• Anterior horn, posterior horn, and inferior horn

• Lamina terminalis, rhomboid fossa, and lateral recess

• Parietal, occipital, and temporal lobe

The main function of cerebral spinal fluid is:

• Storing neurotransmitters

• Bathing and nourishing brain and spinal cord

• Providing feedback to the vestibulocochlear system

• Providing padding for the viscous fluid in the eye

_______________________ are stimulated by deforming their shape (e.g., hair cell, skin receptor, stretch receptor).

The muscle spindle has a key role in regulating muscle tone.

• True

• False

The ventricluar system is not connected to the venous system.

• True

• False

The 4th ventricle goes on to become the:

• Choroid plexus

• Diencephalon

• Central canal

• Arterioles

The ___________ is the thickest of the meninges and is attached to the cranium

The choroid plexus is vascularized.

• True

• False

What is the tentoruim cerebelli?

• A white matter tract

• A structure found within the cerebellum

• A structure that separates the cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum

• A structure that is associated with the corpus callosum

Interocepters of the peripheral nervous system are found in internal viscera and blood vessels

• True

• False

The dura mater is pain sensitive.

• True

• False

The narrow, slit-shaped 3rd ventricle occupies most of the midline region of the:

• Trigone

• Choroid plexus

• Septum pellucidum

• Diencephalon

The falx cerebrix projects into the ___________.

Another name for the foramen of Monroe is:

• Interventricular foramen

• Cerebral aquaduct of Sylvius

• Central canal

• Median aperture

The falx cerebrix is a structure associated with the:

• Dura mater

• Arachnoid

• Subarachnoid space

• Pia mater

What is the dura mater critical for?

• Aiding in neurotransmitter storage

• Absorbing extra cerebral spinal fluid

• Providing protection against infection

• Stabilization of the brain

Gamma 2 fibers go to nuclear chains.

• True

• False

The 3rd ventricle is connected to the 4th ventricle by the:

• Lateral aperture

• Median aperture

• Foramen of Monroe

• Cerebral aquaduct of Sylvius

What are the names of the apertures that come off of the 4th ventricles?

• Interventricular foramen and foramen magna

• Foramen of Monroe and Aquaduct of Sylvius

• Foramen of Magendie and Foramen of Luschka

• Inferior foramen and cerebral aquaduct

During a brain dissection, the pia mater is relatively easy to peel off the brain.

• True

• False

The dura mater gets its blood supply from the:

• Middle meningeal artery

• Anterior meningeal artery

• Medial cerebral artery

• Posterior dural artery

Epidural hematomas are most commonly caused by the rupture of the:

• Denticulate artery

• Middle meningeal artery

• Anterior meningeal artery

• Superior cerebral artery

One subclavian artery comes directly off of the ascending aorta and the other subclavian artery branches off from the brachiocephalic trunk.

• True

• False

The internal carotid artery gives rise to:

• Thalamotuberal artery

• Brachiocephalic trunk

• Subclavian artery

• Facial artery

• C and D only

• None of the above

The lateral ventricle is connected to the 3rd ventricle by the:

• Cerebral aquaduct of Sylvius

• Interventricular foramen

• Choroid Plexus

• Foramen of Magendie

The 4th ventricle communicates or connects with what structure?

• Inferior medullary velum

• Pituitary gland

• Subarachnoid cisterns

• Superior medullary velum

The purpose of the dural sinuses is to:

• Work with the choroid plexus to produce cerebral spinal fluid

• Provide openings for blood vessels and nerves

• Aid in creating an adequate blood/brain barrier

• Help attach the dura mater to the cranium

The cranial nerve system is associated with sensory aspects of the meninges.

• True

• False

The common carotid of the aorta gives rise to:

• External carotid

• Vetebral artery

• Internal carotid

• Posterior cerebral artery

• A and C

• B and D

• All of the above

• None of the above

How many horns does the lateral ventricle have?

• 4

• 3

• 2

• 1

The three types of blood vessels that make up the choroid plexus are: Check all that apply.

• Artery

• Arteriole

• Capillaries

• Venules

• Veins

How many types of intrafusal muscle fibers are there?

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 5

Golgi tendon organs help to prevent:

• Muscle tearing

• Autogenic inhibition

• Muscle relaxation

• Dual inhibition

Large receptor fields of the homunculus are associated with:

• The abdomen

• Upper and lower extremities

• The back

• All of the above

Nuclear bag fibers respond to:

• Chemical changes in the muscle (e.g., lactic acid build up)

• Changes in muscle length and the velocity of stretch

• The intensity of the muscle contraction

• New muscle length

Cerebral spinal fluid enters venous circulation via the ______________________.

Gamma motor neurons regulate:

• Spinal reflexes

• Deep tendon reflexes

• Muscle length/tone

• Afferent information

If proprioceptive information from the muscle spindle goes to the alpha motor neuron of the opposite muscle to inhibit contraction, it is considered:

• Reciprocal inhibition

• Agonistic inhibition

• Isolated inhibition

• Dual inhibition

Small receptor fields of the homunculus are associated with:

• The abdomen

• Upper and lower extremities

• The back

• The tongue, mouth, hand, and fingers

• All of the above

Intrafusal muscle fibers are also known as skeletal muscles.

• True

• False

Gamma 1 fibers go to nuclear chains.

• True

• False

What makes up the choroid plexus?

• Ependymal layer

• Pia

• Capillaries

• A + B

• B + C

• All of the above

• None of the above

Which space(s) or layer(s) is/are considered not "true" space(s)/layer(s) because it/they only show up because of a cranial bleed? Check all that apply.

• Subarachnoid space

• Subdural space

• Arachnoid barrier layer

• Epidural space

The arachnoid meningeal layer is vascularized. 

• True

• False

The purpose of the arachnoid meninge is to:

• Help circulate cerebral spinal fluid

• Provide a barrier against bacteria

• Help clean dead/dying brain cells

• Keep the brain suspended

If proprioceptive information from the muscle spindle goes to the alpha motor neuron of the same muscle to facilitate contraction, it is considered:

• Dual excitation

• Autogenic excitation

• Synergistic excitation

• Isolated excitation

The protopathic developmental classifcation of the peripheral nervous system (PNS): Check all that apply

• Detects specific or highly localized stimuli

• Is the older system of the PNS

• Is associated with crude bodily sensation

• Is associated with determining exact joint position

• Responds to dull pain

• Is important for the 2-point discrimination test

Ruffini endings detect:

• Pressure

• Touch

• Pain

• Temperature