Neurologic And Neuromuscular Disorders

2.

What is the pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis?

Attacks myelin sheath of nerve fibers leaving neuritic plaques
Lack of nerve impulses at the myoneural junction
Neurotrasmitter imbalance leads to decreased nerve impulses

Correct Answer

A. Attacks myelin sheath of nerve fibers leaving neuritic plaques

Explanation

Multiple Sclerosis is a neurological disorder characterized by the immune system attacking the myelin sheath, which is the protective covering of nerve fibers. This attack leads to the formation of neuritic plaques, which disrupt the normal functioning of nerve impulses. As a result, there is a lack of nerve impulses being transmitted along the affected nerve fibers. This explanation suggests that the pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis involves the immune system attacking the myelin sheath, leading to the formation of neuritic plaques and subsequent impairment of nerve impulse transmission.

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3.

Which of the following is an autoimmune disease caused by lack of acetylcholine receptor sites?

Myasthenia Gravis
Multiple Sclerosis
Schizophrenia

Correct Answer

A. Myasthenia Gravis

Explanation

Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune disease that occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the acetylcholine receptor sites, leading to muscle weakness and fatigue. This autoimmune response causes a decrease in the number of available acetylcholine receptor sites, which are necessary for proper muscle contractions. As a result, individuals with Myasthenia Gravis experience muscle weakness, particularly in the muscles that control eye movement, facial expression, swallowing, and breathing. Multiple Sclerosis is another autoimmune disease, but it affects the central nervous system, not the acetylcholine receptor sites. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder and is not related to the lack of acetylcholine receptor sites.

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4.

Which two neurotransmitters play a role in the etiology of Parkison's Disease?

Dopamine, Serotonin
Dopamine, Acetylcholine
Dopamine, Norepinephrine

Correct Answer

A. Dopamine, Acetylcholine

Explanation

Parkinson's Disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopamine-producing cells in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in movement control and coordination. The loss of dopamine leads to the motor symptoms seen in Parkinson's Disease, such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Acetylcholine is another neurotransmitter that is involved in various functions in the brain, including movement. In Parkinson's Disease, there is an imbalance between dopamine and acetylcholine, with a decrease in dopamine and an increase in acetylcholine activity. Therefore, both dopamine and acetylcholine are implicated in the etiology of Parkinson's Disease.

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5.

What is the primary characteristic of Myasthenia Gravis?

Dysphagia
Weak respiratory muscles
Weak skeletal muscles

Correct Answer

A. Weak skeletal muscles

Explanation

Myasthenia Gravis is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness and fatigue of skeletal muscles. This weakness primarily affects voluntary muscles, including those used for movement and posture. Symptoms can vary, but commonly include muscle weakness in the arms and legs, difficulty with speech and swallowing (dysphagia), and impaired breathing due to weak respiratory muscles. Therefore, the primary characteristic of Myasthenia Gravis is weak skeletal muscles.

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6.

Which of the following is not a part of the etiology of Alzheimer's Disease?

Degeneration of the cholinergic neuron
Excessive Acetylcholine
Presence of neurofibrillary tangles in neurons

Correct Answer

A. Excessive Acetylcholine

Explanation

Excessive Acetylcholine is not a part of the etiology of Alzheimer's Disease. Alzheimer's Disease is characterized by degeneration of the cholinergic neuron, which leads to a decrease in acetylcholine levels in the brain. The presence of neurofibrillary tangles in neurons is also a hallmark of Alzheimer's Disease. However, excessive acetylcholine is not a known cause or contributing factor to the development of the disease.

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7.

What is a myasthenic crisis in patients with Myasthenia Gravis?

Generalized muscular weakness
Overdosing of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Involuntary muscle twitching

Correct Answer

A. Generalized muscular weakness

Explanation

A myasthenic crisis in patients with Myasthenia Gravis refers to a condition characterized by severe generalized muscular weakness. This occurs when the muscles responsible for breathing and swallowing are significantly weakened, leading to respiratory failure and difficulty in performing basic tasks. It is important to differentiate a myasthenic crisis from a cholinergic crisis, which is caused by overdosing of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and presents with symptoms such as involuntary muscle twitching.

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8.

Which of the following is not a stage of Multiple Sclerosis?

Acute Attack
Remission-Exacerbation
Chronic progressive
Chronic Attack

Correct Answer

A. Chronic Attack

Explanation

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system. It is characterized by periods of relapse and remission. The stages of MS include Acute Attack, which refers to the sudden onset of symptoms; Remission-Exacerbation, which involves periods of symptom improvement followed by flare-ups; and Chronic Progressive, which is a gradual worsening of symptoms over time. However, there is no stage called Chronic Attack in MS.

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Neurologic And Neuromuscular Disorders

Which of the following is not one of the characteristic three symptoms of Parkinson's Disease?

Quiz Preview

What is the pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis?

Which of the following is an autoimmune disease caused by lack of acetylcholine receptor sites?

Which two neurotransmitters play a role in the etiology of Parkison's Disease?

What is the primary characteristic of Myasthenia Gravis?

Which of the following is not a part of the etiology of Alzheimer's Disease?

What is a myasthenic crisis in patients with Myasthenia Gravis?

Which of the following is not a stage of Multiple Sclerosis?