Nervous System Pathology 2
- 1.
Which of the following statements about Multiple sclerosis are true? (Select 2)
- A.
Is autoimmune with T-Cell involvement
- B.
CNS axons are destroyed
- C.
A symptom is a shock like sensation when the patient flexes their neck (Lhermitte's sign)
- D.
Grey matter in the CNS is selectively destroyed, but not in the PNS.
Correct Answer(s)
A. Is autoimmune with T-Cell involvement
C. A symptom is a shock like sensation when the patient flexes their neck (Lhermitte's sign)Explanation
White matter of CNS is destroyed. CNS myelin is destroyed, axons are generally left alone.Rate this question:
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- 2.
A patient presents with paralysis in her feet and is beginning to notice weakness in her hands. She has diminished reflexes in her lower limbs as well. You do a thorough case history and find she was ill 3 weeks ago with a viral infection. What should you rule out first?
- A.
Multiple sclerosis
- B.
Parkinson disease
- C.
Huntington disease
- D.
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Correct Answer
D. Guillain-Barre syndromeExplanation
Paralysis of the feet and the beginning of paralysis of the hands is indicative of ascending paralysis, which is highly associated with Guillan-Barre syndrome...especially after a viral infection.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Alzheimer's disease is irreversible.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that affects memory, thinking, and behavior. It is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal proteins in the brain, leading to the death of brain cells. Currently, there is no known cure for Alzheimer's disease, and the damage caused to the brain is irreversible. Therefore, the statement "Alzheimer's disease is irreversible" is true.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Alzheimer's disease (Select 2)
- A.
Is associated with destruction of dopaminergic neurons
- B.
Shows Beta-amyloid plaques, Lewis bodies, and neurofibrillary tangles
- C.
Will initially show loss of long term memory
- D.
Can be treated by blocking the action of Cholinesterase
- E.
Can be treated by activating the NMDA receptor
Correct Answer(s)
B. Shows Beta-amyloid plaques, Lewis bodies, and neurofibrillary tangles
D. Can be treated by blocking the action of CholinesteraseExplanation
Is associated with a destruction in cholinergic neurons, not dopaminergic. Will initially show loss of short term memory. Overactivation of NMDA receptor is part of the problem, so we need an NMDA antagonist, not agonist.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Parkinson's disease?
- A.
It is a hypokinetic disorder
- B.
Dopamine deficiency is believed to be the main cause
- C.
Lewis bodies are often present in the diagnosis
- D.
A decrease in acetylcholine is present
- E.
A COMT agonist would be a poor treatment option
Correct Answer
D. A decrease in acetylcholine is presentExplanation
Acetylcholine is normal in Parkinsonism. (Her lecture notes say elevated). COMT breaks down dopamine..so an agonist would make the disease symptoms worse.Rate this question:
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- 6.
In Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (Select 2)
- A.
There is an absence of dystrophin
- B.
The defective gene is the PIG-A gene on the X chromosome
- C.
There is a decreased production of dystrophin
- D.
It is caused by an increase in acetylcholine receptor destruction at the NMJ
Correct Answer(s)
A. There is an absence of dystrophin
B. The defective gene is the PIG-A gene on the X chromosomeExplanation
The correct answer is that there is an absence of dystrophin and the defective gene is the PIG-A gene on the X chromosome. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is a genetic disorder characterized by the absence of dystrophin, a protein that helps maintain the structure and function of muscle fibers. The PIG-A gene on the X chromosome is responsible for producing a protein involved in the production of dystrophin. Mutations in this gene can lead to a defective or absent dystrophin protein, resulting in the symptoms seen in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Chloroquine use is associated with which type of disease?
- A.
Myasthenia Gravis
- B.
Parkinson's disease
- C.
Muscular dystrophy
- D.
CIPD
Correct Answer
A. Myasthenia GravisExplanation
Chloroquine is an antibiotic associated with MG. Seem's nitpicky but I have a feeling she'll ask it.. she harped on it.Rate this question:
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- 8.
A Tensilon test is used to help in the diagnosis of which disease and why? (Select 2)
- A.
Myasthenia Gravis
- B.
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
- C.
Guillan-Barre Syndrome
- D.
It will temporarily increase the amount of acetylcholine available and show temporary decreased clinical symptoms
- E.
It will temporarily activate the AchE enzyme and temporarily decrease the clinical symptoms of the disease
Correct Answer(s)
A. Myasthenia Gravis
D. It will temporarily increase the amount of acetylcholine available and show temporary decreased clinical symptomsExplanation
A Tensilon test is used to help in the diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis because it temporarily increases the amount of acetylcholine available, which is necessary for muscle contraction. In Myasthenia Gravis, there is a deficiency of acetylcholine receptors, leading to muscle weakness and fatigue. By temporarily increasing the amount of acetylcholine, the test can show a temporary decrease in clinical symptoms, confirming the diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The most common primary brain tumor of adults is
- A.
Atrocytoma
- B.
Meningioma
- C.
Pituitary adenoma
- D.
Craniopharyngioma
Correct Answer
A. AtrocytomaExplanation
Astrocytoma is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. It originates from astrocytes, which are star-shaped cells that support and nourish neurons in the brain. Astrocytomas are classified into different grades based on their aggressiveness, with grade IV astrocytoma, also known as glioblastoma, being the most malignant. These tumors can cause a variety of symptoms depending on their location and size, such as headaches, seizures, and neurological deficits. Treatment options for astrocytoma include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, although the prognosis for this type of tumor can vary widely depending on the grade and individual factors.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Nov 22, 2016Quiz Created by
Eddy Sidra
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