Nervous System Pathology 2

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that affects memory, thinking, and behavior. It is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal proteins in the brain, leading to the death of brain cells. Currently, there is no known cure for Alzheimer's disease, and the damage caused to the brain is irreversible. Therefore, the statement "Alzheimer's disease is irreversible" is true.

Paralysis of the feet and the beginning of paralysis of the hands is indicative of ascending paralysis, which is highly associated with Guillan-Barre syndrome...especially after a viral infection.

Acetylcholine is normal in Parkinsonism. (Her lecture notes say elevated). COMT breaks down dopamine..so an agonist would make the disease symptoms worse.

White matter of CNS is destroyed. CNS myelin is destroyed, axons are generally left alone.

Astrocytoma is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. It originates from astrocytes, which are star-shaped cells that support and nourish neurons in the brain. Astrocytomas are classified into different grades based on their aggressiveness, with grade IV astrocytoma, also known as glioblastoma, being the most malignant. These tumors can cause a variety of symptoms depending on their location and size, such as headaches, seizures, and neurological deficits. Treatment options for astrocytoma include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, although the prognosis for this type of tumor can vary widely depending on the grade and individual factors.

Chloroquine is an antibiotic associated with MG. Seem's nitpicky but I have a feeling she'll ask it.. she harped on it.

Is associated with a destruction in cholinergic neurons, not dopaminergic. Will initially show loss of short term memory. Overactivation of NMDA receptor is part of the problem, so we need an NMDA antagonist, not agonist.

A Tensilon test is used to help in the diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis because it temporarily increases the amount of acetylcholine available, which is necessary for muscle contraction. In Myasthenia Gravis, there is a deficiency of acetylcholine receptors, leading to muscle weakness and fatigue. By temporarily increasing the amount of acetylcholine, the test can show a temporary decrease in clinical symptoms, confirming the diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis.

The correct answer is that there is an absence of dystrophin and the defective gene is the PIG-A gene on the X chromosome. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is a genetic disorder characterized by the absence of dystrophin, a protein that helps maintain the structure and function of muscle fibers. The PIG-A gene on the X chromosome is responsible for producing a protein involved in the production of dystrophin. Mutations in this gene can lead to a defective or absent dystrophin protein, resulting in the symptoms seen in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.