Behavioural Ecology
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- 1.
- 2.Describe two ways to test if behaviour can be inherited. For each test, provide a real-world example
- 3.The best decision often depends on conditions relating to an animal and its environment. Hence, there is no "best decision." If this statement is true, think of a real-world example to prove this statement
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 4.Behaviour does not fossilize. However, comparison among species can suggest a possible sequence behavioural evolution. If this is true, think of an example which may help to prove this statement.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 5.Natural Selection has resulted in behaviours that help animals to survive and reproduce
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 6.
- 7.Describe two costs of living in groups. For each description, provide an example
- 8.Describe the term 'selfish geometry' and provide a real-world example of this behaviour
- 9.Describe two benefits of living in a group which have not been discussed in previous questions. Provide an example for each description.
- 10.The process of natural selection means that animals ARE selected to act “for the good of the species”
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 11.Kin selection favours behaviour that spreads genes through any kin, not just offspring
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 12.According to Hamilton's rule:
- A.
Natural selection favors altruistic acts when the resulting benefit to the beneficiary, corrected for relatedness, exceeds the cost to the altruist.
- B.
The effects of kin selection are larger than the effects of direct natural selection on individuals.
- C.
Altruism is always reciprocal.
- D.
Natural selection does not favor altruistic behavior that causes the death of the altruist.
- E.
Natural selection is more likely to favor altruistic behavior that benefits an offspring than altruistic behavior that benefits a sibling.
- 13.Altruistic behavior __________.
- A.
Never occurs in natural populations
- B.
Is expected when the species as a whole benefits from it
- C.
Occurs only when closely related individuals benefit from it
- D.
Is expected when it increases the long-term inclusive fitness of the altruists
- E.
Is expected when there are plentiful resources to share
- 14.Which of the following statements best defines an altruistic act?
- A.
It immediately benefits both the performer and another individual.
- B.
It immediately benefits another individual at some cost to the performer.
- C.
It immediately benefits the performer and imposes a cost on another individual.
- D.
It imposes a cost on the performer and the other individual.
- E.
It imposes a cost on the performer without benefiting another individual.
- 15.The coefficient of relatedness between two brothers is __________.
- A.
0.75
- B.
The same as the coefficient of relatedness between mother and daughter
- C.
0.25
- D.
Less than the coefficient of relatedness between father and son
- E.
1.5
- 16.
- A.
Two offspring
- B.
Two offspring
- C.
Four grandchildren
- D.
One sibling and three nephews
- E.
Seven first cousins
- 17.The enhanced reproduction, through apparently altruistic behavior, of related individuals with common alleles is referred to as __________.
- A.
Hamilton's rule
- B.
Kin selection
- C.
Competitive exclusion
- D.
Adaptive radiation
- E.
The coefficient of relatedness
- 18.Write Hamilton's Rule and what it signifies
- 19.List the three situations in which reciprocity among non-relatives could evolve and provide an example of a species in which all these conditions are met.
- 20.Altruism can evolve if it entails helping kin, through the process of selection, following Rule.
- A.
Natural; Hamilton's
- B.
Natural; Borda's
- C.
Kin; Hamilton's
- D.
Kin; Borda's
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