Dr Gawad Physiology Course Online Exam - CVS – Course Lecture 4 – Cop & Cardiac Reserve

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Questions: 7 | Attempts: 595 | Updated: Mar 21, 2023

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Dr Gawad Physiology Course Online Exam - CVS Course Lecture 4 Cop & Cardiac Reserve - Quiz

7 MCQs (Only one correct answer)
Each MCQ: 1 mark, Total mark: 7 (you will get your result immediately by the web)
Allowed time: 8 min
Good Luck
dr Mohammed Abel Gawad

Questions and Answers

1.

The cardiac output divided by the heart rate equals the:
- A.
  
  Cardiac efficiency.
- B.
  
  Cardiac index.
- C.
  
  Arterial blood pressure.
- D.
  
  Stroke volume.
Correct Answer
D. Stroke volume.

Explanation
The cardiac output is the total volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute, while the heart rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute. Dividing the cardiac output by the heart rate gives us the stroke volume, which is the volume of blood pumped by the heart with each beat. Therefore, the correct answer is stroke volume.

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2.

All the following decrease the cardiac output except :
- A.
  
  Increased vagal activity
- B.
  
  Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers.
- C.
  
  Increased end-diastolic volume
- D.
  
  Standing up from the recumbent position.
Correct Answer
C. Increased end-diastolic volume

Explanation
Increased end-diastolic volume does not decrease cardiac output. End-diastolic volume refers to the amount of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole, before contraction. An increase in end-diastolic volume actually leads to an increase in stroke volume and cardiac output, as it allows for more blood to be ejected with each contraction. In contrast, increased vagal activity, beta-adrenergic receptor blockers, and standing up from the recumbent position all decrease cardiac output by reducing heart rate or contractility.

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3.

The cardiac output :
- A.
  
  Is the combined blood volumes pumped by both ventricles /beat
- B.
  
  Increases when there is overstretch of the ventricle.
- C.
  
  Matches the venous return in a normal heart.
- D.
  
  Is determined by the end-systolic pressure x heart rate.
Correct Answer
C. Matches the venous return in a normal heart.

Explanation
The cardiac output refers to the volume of blood pumped by the heart in one minute. It is determined by multiplying the stroke volume (the volume of blood pumped by the ventricle in one beat) by the heart rate (the number of beats per minute). In a normal heart, the cardiac output matches the venous return, which is the volume of blood returning to the heart from the veins. This is because the heart pumps out the same amount of blood that is being returned to it, ensuring a balance in the circulatory system.

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4.

The cardiac index is the ratio of the:
- A.
  
  Cardiac output and body surface area.
- B.
  
  Cardiac output and body weight.
- C.
  
  Cardiac output and work of the heart.
- D.
  
  Stroke volume and body height.
Correct Answer
A. Cardiac output and body surface area.

Explanation
The cardiac index is a measure that takes into account the body surface area to normalize the cardiac output. It is calculated by dividing the cardiac output by the body surface area. This is important because it allows for a more accurate comparison of cardiac function between individuals of different sizes. The other options, such as body weight, work of the heart, and body height, do not take into account the body surface area and therefore do not accurately reflect the cardiac function.

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5.

The cardiac output :
- A.
  
  Is increased when the heart rate increases.
- B.
  
  Is reflexly reduced on exposure to a high temperature.
- C.
  
  Is about 11% of maximum when the subject is at rest.
- D.
  
  Does not change with age or sex.
Correct Answer
A. Is increased when the heart rate increases.

Explanation
When the heart rate increases, the cardiac output also increases. This is because the cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute, and it is determined by the heart rate and stroke volume. When the heart rate increases, the heart pumps more blood in a given amount of time, thus increasing the cardiac output.

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6.

The effects of gravity on the venous return are counteracted mainly by:
- A.
  
  The pressure gradient.
- B.
  
  Skeletal muscle contraction
- C.
  
  Arteriolar V. D.
- D.
  
  Increased heart and respiratory rates.
Correct Answer
B. Skeletal muscle contraction

Explanation
Skeletal muscle contraction plays a crucial role in counteracting the effects of gravity on venous return. When muscles contract, they squeeze the veins, helping to push the blood back towards the heart against the force of gravity. This contraction increases the pressure within the veins, aiding in the return of blood to the heart. The pressure gradient, arteriolar vasodilation, and increased heart and respiratory rates also contribute to venous return, but skeletal muscle contraction is the primary mechanism for counteracting the effects of gravity.

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7.

During deep inspiration, the COP usually:
- A.
  
  Increases in volume.
- B.
  
  Decreases in volume
- C.
  
  Shows pulsus alternans.
- D.
  
  None of the above.
Correct Answer
A. Increases in volume.

Explanation
During deep inspiration, the COP (chest wall compliance) usually increases in volume. This is because during deep inspiration, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, causing the chest cavity to expand. As a result, the lungs are able to expand more and fill with more air, leading to an increase in volume.

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Mar 21, 2023

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Quiz Created by
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Dr Gawad Physiology Course Online Exam - CVS – Course Lecture 4 – Cop & Cardiac Reserve

The cardiac output divided by the heart rate equals the:

All the following decrease the cardiac output except :

The cardiac output :

The cardiac index is the ratio of the:

The cardiac output :

The effects of gravity on the venous return are counteracted mainly by:

During deep inspiration, the COP usually: