Foot Health Practitioner - Qp3

1. The heart has five chambers.

True

False

The heart actually has four chambers, not five. The four chambers are the left and right atria, and the left and right ventricles. The atria receive blood from the body and lungs, while the ventricles pump blood out to the body and lungs.

Explanation

The heart actually has four chambers, not five. The four chambers are the left and right atria, and the left and right ventricles. The atria receive blood from the body and lungs, while the ventricles pump blood out to the body and lungs.

2. Serum is plasma which has had the clotting agent fibrinogen removed.

True

False

Serum is a component of blood that is obtained after the removal of fibrinogen, the clotting agent, from plasma. This process leaves behind a clear, yellowish fluid that is rich in various proteins, electrolytes, hormones, and antibodies. Therefore, the statement that serum is plasma with fibrinogen removed is correct.

Explanation

Serum is a component of blood that is obtained after the removal of fibrinogen, the clotting agent, from plasma. This process leaves behind a clear, yellowish fluid that is rich in various proteins, electrolytes, hormones, and antibodies. Therefore, the statement that serum is plasma with fibrinogen removed is correct.

3. Weighing around ______ it beats 2,500,000,000 times over an average lifetime and pumps ______ litres of blood.

300g, 310million

300g, 320 million

300g, 330 million

300g, 340 million

The correct answer is 300g, 340 million. The human heart weighs around 300g and beats approximately 2,500,000,000 times over an average lifetime. It also pumps around 340 million litres of blood.

Explanation

The correct answer is 300g, 340 million. The human heart weighs around 300g and beats approximately 2,500,000,000 times over an average lifetime. It also pumps around 340 million litres of blood.

4. The skin of the foot can be adequately prepared for minor surface procedures by the application of any one of a number of substances: (Select three)

Surgical Spirits

Betadine

CX1

Chloroxylenol

The skin of the foot can be adequately prepared for minor surface procedures by the application of Surgical Spirits, CX1, and Chloroxylenol. These substances are commonly used for their antiseptic properties, which help to clean and disinfect the skin, reducing the risk of infection during the procedure. Surgical Spirits, also known as rubbing alcohol, is a common antiseptic used to clean the skin. CX1 and Chloroxylenol are also antiseptics that are effective in killing bacteria and preventing infection. Therefore, using any of these substances can ensure that the foot is properly prepared for minor surface procedures.

Explanation

The skin of the foot can be adequately prepared for minor surface procedures by the application of Surgical Spirits, CX1, and Chloroxylenol. These substances are commonly used for their antiseptic properties, which help to clean and disinfect the skin, reducing the risk of infection during the procedure. Surgical Spirits, also known as rubbing alcohol, is a common antiseptic used to clean the skin. CX1 and Chloroxylenol are also antiseptics that are effective in killing bacteria and preventing infection. Therefore, using any of these substances can ensure that the foot is properly prepared for minor surface procedures.

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5. Pathogenic bacteria are recognised by the shape of the cell namely: (Select three)

Coli

Bacilli

Spirillae

Actinomycetes

The question is asking for the shapes of pathogenic bacteria. The correct answer choices are Bacilli, Spirillae, and Actinomycetes. Bacilli are rod-shaped bacteria, Spirillae are spiral-shaped bacteria, and Actinomycetes are filamentous bacteria. These shapes are commonly associated with pathogenic bacteria and can help in their identification and classification. Coli is not a shape of bacteria, but a specific species of bacteria (Escherichia coli) commonly found in the intestines of humans and animals.

Explanation

The question is asking for the shapes of pathogenic bacteria. The correct answer choices are Bacilli, Spirillae, and Actinomycetes. Bacilli are rod-shaped bacteria, Spirillae are spiral-shaped bacteria, and Actinomycetes are filamentous bacteria. These shapes are commonly associated with pathogenic bacteria and can help in their identification and classification. Coli is not a shape of bacteria, but a specific species of bacteria (Escherichia coli) commonly found in the intestines of humans and animals.

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6. Match the following statements:

Within their elastic envelope they carry the complex protein haemoglobin which is capable of carrying oxygen.

They do not have a nucleus but have granules within their cytoplasm.

Some of the cells have a granular cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus, and in others the cytoplasm is agranular.

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7. Match the following statements:

Have thick walls and carry blood at high pressure away from the heart.

Join up to form veins.

Carry blood at low pressure back to the heart and they are constructed with valves which ensure that blood cannot back-flow.

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8. Match the following statements:

These deposits damage the endothelial lining of the vessel walls, causing fissuring and aggregation of platelets to the damaged area, which effectively predisposes to a blood clot or thrombosis.

When it happens at rest it is called variant angina, and when as a result of exercise, typical angina.

Failure to meet these demands results in angina pectoralis or even myocardial infarction.

It may also cause postphlebitic syndrome which consists of oedema, pain and skin changes due to the destruction of venous valves.

Arterial disease of the leg is the most common cause of leg amputation.

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9. Plasma is 90% water with the remainder being dissolved materials:

Blood proteins

End products of absorption

Excretory materials

Antibodies and antitoxins

Plasma is the liquid component of blood and it consists of approximately 90% water. The remaining 10% is made up of dissolved materials, which include blood proteins, excretory materials, and antibodies and antitoxins. Blood proteins are essential for various functions such as clotting, transport of nutrients, and defense against infections. Excretory materials are waste products that are eliminated from the body through urine or sweat. Antibodies and antitoxins are part of the immune system and help in fighting against pathogens and toxins.

Explanation

Plasma is the liquid component of blood and it consists of approximately 90% water. The remaining 10% is made up of dissolved materials, which include blood proteins, excretory materials, and antibodies and antitoxins. Blood proteins are essential for various functions such as clotting, transport of nutrients, and defense against infections. Excretory materials are waste products that are eliminated from the body through urine or sweat. Antibodies and antitoxins are part of the immune system and help in fighting against pathogens and toxins.

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10. Match the following statements:

They prefer dark and dirty conditions.

When suitable conditions exist for growth, it germinates and rapidly sets about growth and propagation.

They are at the borderline of life, being unable to metabolise or reproduce without using a host.

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