NCLEX Pharmacology Quiz 30 Anti-infective Drugs And Topical Agents

1. Which of the following groups of antitubercular agents includes first-line agents?

INH. PZA. RIF

SM. PAS. INH

EMB. PAS. INH

INH. cycloserine. RIF

INH. PZA. and RIF are used as combination first-line agents.

Explanation

INH. PZA. and RIF are used as combination first-line agents.

2. Corinne is experiencing diarrhea after consuming her prescribed antibiotics for the whole week. This is because:

The drugs render food indigestible.

Gastric flora is disturbed.

Fluid is added into the intestine.

Normal intestinal bacteria are destroyed.

The destruction of normal intestinal flora causes diarrhea. In choice A. a drug that rendered food indigestible could not be given because it would cause severe malnutrition. Choice B is incorrect because there is no gastric flora. Choice C is incorrect because there is no way to add fluid into the intestine.

Explanation

The destruction of normal intestinal flora causes diarrhea. In choice A. a drug that rendered food indigestible could not be given because it would cause severe malnutrition. Choice B is incorrect because there is no gastric flora. Choice C is incorrect because there is no way to add fluid into the intestine.

3. The client at highest risk for nephrotoxicity with aminoglycoside use is a:

Male with a creatinine of 1.7 and BUN of 52 on a 10-day regimen

Female with BUN of 12 and creatinine of 0.8

Female with past history of cystitis on 5 days of therapy

Male with history of kidney stones on 8 days of therapy

Choice B is incorrect because a 24-year-old woman with a normal BUN and creatinine would not be at higher risk than others when given aminoglycosides. Choice C is incorrect because recurrent cystitis on limited-time therapy does not present a high risk for nephrotoxicity. The last choice is incorrect because a history of kidney stones on limited-time therapy does not present a high risk for nephrotoxicity.

Explanation

Choice B is incorrect because a 24-year-old woman with a normal BUN and creatinine would not be at higher risk than others when given aminoglycosides. Choice C is incorrect because recurrent cystitis on limited-time therapy does not present a high risk for nephrotoxicity. The last choice is incorrect because a history of kidney stones on limited-time therapy does not present a high risk for nephrotoxicity.

4. In treatment of tuberculosis. the therapeutic rationale for combination drug therapy is to:

Decrease cost and improve compliance.

Reduce the incidence of cumulative effects.

Increase blood dyscrasias.

Decrease emergence of drug-resistance strains.

Combination therapy helps decrease the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Multiple drugs usually increase cost and reduce compliance. Multiple drugs increase cumulative effects. Blood dyscrasias would be an untoward effect not a desired effect.

Explanation

Combination therapy helps decrease the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Multiple drugs usually increase cost and reduce compliance. Multiple drugs increase cumulative effects. Blood dyscrasias would be an untoward effect not a desired effect.

5. Which of the following statements is true when educating clients about penicillin therapy?

The client must take the medication at evenly spaced intervals.

The client may save leftover medication for a future illness.

If signs of an allergic reaction. continue the medication and notify physician.

Clients taking oral contraceptives must be cautioned to use an alternate form of birth control while being treated with penicillin.

Penicillin will reduce the effectiveness of birth control pills.

Explanation

Penicillin will reduce the effectiveness of birth control pills.

6. When assessing clients for evidence of a penicillin allergy. which of the following symptoms may not be considered to be a true hypersensitivity reaction?

Wheezing

Nausea

Urticaria

Angioneurotic edema

GI disturbances such as nausea are usually caused by direct irritation or overgrowth of gram-positive bacteria or yeasts and are not indicative of a true penicillin allergy.

Explanation

GI disturbances such as nausea are usually caused by direct irritation or overgrowth of gram-positive bacteria or yeasts and are not indicative of a true penicillin allergy.

7. When a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is taking theophylline also receives ciprofloxacin (Cipro). which of the following interaction could occur?

Ciprotoxicity

Ineffectiveness of ciprofloxacin

Theophylline toxicity

Ineffective theophylline

Theophylline toxicity may occur because the action of theophylline is increased when given with Ciprofloxacin. There is no such thing as ciprotoxicity.

Explanation

Theophylline toxicity may occur because the action of theophylline is increased when given with Ciprofloxacin. There is no such thing as ciprotoxicity.

8. Changes in visual acuity and color perception are associated with treatment by which of the following agents?

INH (isoniazid)

PZA (pyrazinamide)

ETH (ethambutol)

SM (streptomycin)

Ethambutol will cause changes in visual acuity and color perception. Remember “E” for ethambutol and eyes. Peripheral neuropathy is a side effect associated with INH. Gout is a side effect associated with pyrazinamide. Ototoxicity may occur with streptomycin.

Explanation

Ethambutol will cause changes in visual acuity and color perception. Remember “E” for ethambutol and eyes. Peripheral neuropathy is a side effect associated with INH. Gout is a side effect associated with pyrazinamide. Ototoxicity may occur with streptomycin.

9. Antonietta is taking antituberculars. the most common adverse effect she may be experiencing is:

Red-orange discoloration of urine

Hypersensitivity

Hepatotoxicity

CHF

Hepatotoxicity is the most common side effect associated with antitubercular agents. Orange discoloration is a side effect of rifampin but not with antituberculars in general.

Explanation

Hepatotoxicity is the most common side effect associated with antitubercular agents. Orange discoloration is a side effect of rifampin but not with antituberculars in general.

10. All of the following symptoms are evidence of a superinfection except:

White oral plaques

Creamy vaginal discharge

Skin rash

Darkened tongue

Skin rashes are indicative of hypersensitivity reactions in clients on penicillin therapy.

Explanation

Skin rashes are indicative of hypersensitivity reactions in clients on penicillin therapy.