Raymund is reviewing on cardiovascular drugs for his upcoming exam. For a well-prepared student. he should know that vasodilators are agents that:

Stimulate the adrenergic receptors of peripheral sympathetic nerves

For a client taking drugs to treat peripheral vascular disease. it is important to provide health education about:

Developing a proper balance between rest and activity

A clinical instructor asks a nursing student about aldosterone antagonist. The student is correct by saying that aldosterone antagonists:

Inhibit the exchange of sodium for potassium

Work poorly in the presence of endogenous aldosterone

All potassium-sparing diuretics:

Are required supplements during blood transfusion

NCLEX Pharmacology Quiz 17 Cardiovascular Drugs

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NCLEX Pharmacology Quiz 17 Cardiovascular Drugs - Quiz

All questions are shown, but the results will only be given after you’ve finished the quiz. You are given 1 minute per question, a total of 10 minutes in this quiz.

Questions and Answers

1.

Raymund is reviewing on cardiovascular drugs for his upcoming exam. For a well-prepared student. he should know that vasodilators are agents that:
- A.
  
  Relax smooth muscles
- B.
  
  Are used to treat hypotension
- C.
  
  Stimulate the adrenergic receptors of peripheral sympathetic nerves
- D.
  
  Cause respiratory depression
Correct Answer
A. Relax smooth muscles

Explanation
Vasodilators relax smooth muscle. They are used to treat hypertension. not hypotension. Stimulating the adrenergic receptors of peripheral sympathetic nerves causes blood vessels to contract. Choice D is not an action of vasodilators.

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2.

As a competent nurse. you are aware that vasodilators are used mainly to treat:
- A.
  
  Diabetes
- B.
  
  Hypertension
- C.
  
  Atrial fibrillation
- D.
  
  Hypotension
Correct Answer
B. Hypertension

Explanation
Vasodilators are used to treat hypertension. They are not used to treat diabetes. Atrial fibrillation is not treated with vasodilators. Vasodilators are not used to treat hypotension.

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3.

The drug/drugs used most commonly to treat peripheral or cerebral vascular obstructive disease is/are:
- A.
  
  Pentoxifylline (Trental)
- B.
  
  Cyclandelate (Cyclan)
- C.
  
  Isoxsuprine (Vasodilan)
- D.
  
  All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the above

Explanation
All are vasodilators used primarily to treat peripheral or cerebral vascular obstructive disease.

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4.

In a 50-year-old widower who had a transient ischemic attack. what is the most common vasodilator used for his treatment?
- A.
  
  Norepinephrine
- B.
  
  Dopamine (Intropin)
- C.
  
  Papaverine (Pavabid)
- D.
  
  Nitroprusside (Nitropress)
Correct Answer
D. Nitroprusside (Nitropress)

Explanation
Nitroprusside (Nitropress) is used in this situation. A and B are sympathomimetics used to treat hypotension. Papaverine is contraindicated in myocardial depressant states.

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5.

For a client taking drugs to treat peripheral vascular disease. it is important to provide health education about:
- A.
  
  Smoking cessation
- B.
  
  Developing a proper balance between rest and activity
- C.
  
  Proper foot care
- D.
  
  All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the above

Explanation
An important component in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease is health education on preventing further injury to ischemic tissues. Medication therapy is only one aspect.

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6.

A clinical instructor asks a nursing student about aldosterone antagonist. The student is correct by saying that aldosterone antagonists:
- A.
  
  Create an osmotic gradient
- B.
  
  Inhibit the exchange of sodium for potassium
- C.
  
  Cause metabolic acidosis
- D.
  
  Work poorly in the presence of endogenous aldosterone
Correct Answer
B. Inhibit the exchange of sodium for potassium

Explanation
Aldosterone antagonists compete with endogenous aldosterone and prevent sodium reabsorption in exchange for potassium elimination. Aldosterone antagonists work on inhibiting the action of aldosterone rather than creating an osmotic gradient. Aldosterone antagonist do not cause metabolic acidosis. Aldosterone antagonists must work in the presence of endogenous aldosterone.

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7.

Which of the following is a potential side effect of IV furosemide (Lasix)?
- A.
  
  Drowsiness
- B.
  
  Diarrhea
- C.
  
  Cystitis
- D.
  
  Hearing loss
Correct Answer
D. Hearing loss

Explanation
Patients receiving large doses of loop diuretics are at risk for developing ototoxicity.

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8.

A 68-year-old client with a history of mild CHF and glaucoma is receiving IV mannitol (Osmitrol) to decrease intraocular pressure. The nurse would monitor the client for signs and symptoms of:
- A.
  
  Fluid volume excess
- B.
  
  Fluid volume deficit
- C.
  
  Hyperkalemia
- D.
  
  Hypernatremia
Correct Answer
A. Fluid volume excess

Explanation
Mannitol‘s osmotic effect extends to the bloodstream. where increased osmotic pressure draws fluid into the vascular space. thus elevating intravascular volume.

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9.

All potassium-sparing diuretics:
- A.
  
  Are required supplements during blood transfusion
- B.
  
  Enhance aldosterone action
- C.
  
  Cause hypokalemia
- D.
  
  Are weak diuretics
Correct Answer
D. Are weak diuretics

Explanation
Potassium-sparing diuretics are not potent diuretics when used alone. They are used as adjunctive therapy with other diuretics to minimize potassium loss. Potassium-sparing diuretics given during blood transfusions tend to cause hyperkalemia because potassium is present in the transfusion. These drugs block aldosterone’s effects. These drugs cause hyperkalemia. not hypokalemia.

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10.

Which of the following clients is most likely to experience adverse effects from treatment with diuretics?
- A.
  
  A 21-year-old student
- B.
  
  A 40-year-old unmarried man
- C.
  
  A 60-year-old widower
- D.
  
  A 75-year-old man
Correct Answer
D. A 75-year-old man

Explanation
Elderly clients are more sensitive to the effects of diuretics.

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NCLEX Pharmacology Quiz 17 Cardiovascular Drugs

Raymund is reviewing on cardiovascular drugs for his upcoming exam. For a well-prepared student. he should know that vasodilators are agents that:

As a competent nurse. you are aware that vasodilators are used mainly to treat:

The drug/drugs used most commonly to treat peripheral or cerebral vascular obstructive disease is/are:

In a 50-year-old widower who had a transient ischemic attack. what is the most common vasodilator used for his treatment?

For a client taking drugs to treat peripheral vascular disease. it is important to provide health education about:

A clinical instructor asks a nursing student about aldosterone antagonist. The student is correct by saying that aldosterone antagonists:

Which of the following is a potential side effect of IV furosemide (Lasix)?

A 68-year-old client with a history of mild CHF and glaucoma is receiving IV mannitol (Osmitrol) to decrease intraocular pressure. The nurse would monitor the client for signs and symptoms of:

All potassium-sparing diuretics:

Which of the following clients is most likely to experience adverse effects from treatment with diuretics?