Community Health Nursing Practice Test II

Natural immunity refers to the type of immunity that is present at birth and is a natural immune response to foreign invaders. This means that individuals have a certain level of protection against pathogens from the moment they are born. Unlike acquired immunity, which is developed through exposure to pathogens or vaccination, natural immunity is innate and does not require prior exposure. Vaccines and immunization, on the other hand, are methods used to enhance or stimulate the immune system to provide protection against specific diseases. Therefore, the correct answer is natural immunity.

The target population of IMCI (Integrated Management of Childhood Illness) is children. IMCI is a strategy developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF to improve the health and well-being of children under the age of five. It focuses on the integrated management of common childhood illnesses, such as pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, and malnutrition. By targeting children, IMCI aims to reduce child mortality and improve overall child health outcomes.

Immunization is the correct answer because it refers to the process of introducing vaccines into the body to stimulate the immune system and protect against specific diseases. This process is done before infection occurs, allowing the body to build immunity and prevent the onset of the disease. Vaccines contain weakened or inactivated forms of the disease-causing organism or its toxins, which trigger an immune response without causing illness. Immunization is a crucial preventive measure that has significantly reduced the incidence of many infectious diseases worldwide.

Primary health care is a comprehensive approach to health care that focuses on providing essential health services to individuals and communities. The elements of primary health care include nutrition, safe water and sanitation, and maternal and child health and family planning. However, a paradigm shift is not an element of primary health care. A paradigm shift refers to a fundamental change in the way something is perceived or understood, and it is not a specific component or requirement of primary health care.

A fully immunized mother has had 5 doses of tetanus toxoid. This is because a complete tetanus immunization schedule for women includes a total of 5 doses. These doses are typically given at different intervals during pregnancy to provide optimal protection against tetanus for both the mother and the newborn.

Direct Sputum Smear Microscopy is the recommended method for case finding among adults and children who can expectorate. This method is fundamental to the detection of infectious cases. It involves examining a sample of sputum under a microscope to check for the presence of tuberculosis (TB) bacteria. This test is effective in diagnosing TB as it directly detects the bacteria in the respiratory tract. Throat swab, chest X-ray, and TB skin test are not as effective in detecting TB compared to Direct Sputum Smear Microscopy.

Koplik's spots are small white spots that appear on the inside of the cheeks and are a characteristic sign of measles. These spots are caused by the measles virus and typically appear a few days before the rash associated with measles develops. Koplik's spots are considered pathognomonic, meaning they are unique to measles and are a definitive indicator of the disease. Therefore, the correct answer is measles.

The three interventions mentioned - immediate and thorough drying, early skin-to-skin contact, and non-separation for early breastfeeding - are all related to providing essential care to the newborn immediately after birth. However, carrying out eye care and immunized procedure is not directly related to the immediate care of the newborn. It is important to note that eye care and immunizations are still crucial for the overall health and well-being of the newborn, but they are not considered time-bound interventions in the context of essential newborn care immediately after birth.

The four Rights of Food Safety include Right Source, Right Preparation, Right Cooking, and Right Manufacturer. The first three rights are directly related to the handling and preparation of food, ensuring that it comes from a safe source, is prepared properly, and cooked thoroughly. However, the Right Manufacturer does not directly involve the handling or preparation of food. It refers to the responsibility of food manufacturers to produce safe and high-quality products. Therefore, it does not belong in the same category as the other three rights.

The FHSIS (Family Health and Safety Information System) is a system that collects and analyzes data related to family health and safety. The components of FHSIS include the Treatment Record, Tally Sheet, and Target Client List. These components are used to track and monitor the health and safety of families. However, the Summary of Data is not a component of FHSIS. It is likely that the Summary of Data is a report or analysis generated from the data collected in FHSIS, rather than a component of the system itself.

The answer "Health care delivery system" is the correct option because it accurately describes the network of health facilities and personnel responsible for providing health care to the people. This term encompasses the entire system, including hospitals, clinics, doctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals, as well as the processes and infrastructure involved in delivering healthcare services to individuals and communities.

The statement "Skin to skin contact for 5 minutes uninterrupted" is not true about the 4 Time-bound Interventions of EINC. The other three interventions, which are immediate drying of the neonate, proper cord clamping and cutting, and non-separation of the newborn from the mother for early breastfeeding initiation and rooming-in, are all true about the 4 Time-bound Interventions of EINC.

Hepatitis A is a type of hepatitis that is primarily transmitted through contaminated food and water. It is caused by the hepatitis A virus and can lead to inflammation of the liver. Hepatitis B and C, on the other hand, are primarily transmitted through blood and other bodily fluids. While all three types of hepatitis can cause liver damage, only hepatitis A is specifically known to be food borne.

Schistosomiasis causes the spleen and liver to become enlarged and inflamed, leading to a protuberant appearance of the host. This is because the blood flukes that cause the disease live in these organs and their presence causes inflammation and enlargement. The other options, such as a full stomach of blood flukes, bloody stools, and anemia, do not directly contribute to the protuberant appearance of the host.

The correct answer is Laundry allowance. This is not an incentive and benefit of a Barangay Health Worker. The other options mentioned, such as Hazard Allowance, Subsistence allowance, and Training and education and career enrichment programs, are all incentives and benefits that a Barangay Health Worker can receive. However, a laundry allowance is not typically provided as an incentive or benefit for this role.

NTP Category I patients are classified as those with New Pulmonary TB. This means that they have recently been diagnosed with tuberculosis in their lungs for the first time. This category does not include patients who have had a relapse of the disease, those with new cases of extra-pulmonary TB, or those who are being treated after being lost to follow-up.

Magnesium sulfate is the drug of choice for eclampsia because it has been proven to effectively prevent and treat seizures in pregnant women with eclampsia. It works by relaxing the muscles and reducing nerve excitability, which helps to prevent the occurrence of seizures. Additionally, magnesium sulfate also helps to lower blood pressure and improve blood flow to the placenta, which is beneficial for both the mother and the baby. Other drugs listed, such as Dapsone, Rifampicin, and Folic acid, are not used for the treatment of eclampsia.

The correct answer is Village Health Worker. This is because a Village Health Worker is the primary health care worker who serves as the initial link or the first contact of the community. They are responsible for providing basic health care services and promoting health awareness in the community. The other options, Intermediate Level and Health Personnel of First-Line Hospitals, do not specifically refer to the role of being the initial link or first contact of the community.

Colostrum is the correct answer because it is a thick, yellowish fluid produced by the mammary glands of mammals, including humans, in the first few days after giving birth. It is rich in antibodies, including IgA, which is an immunoglobulin that plays a crucial role in immune defense. Therefore, consuming colostrum can provide IgA to the body. Placenta and vaccination are not sources of IgA, and the option "None of the above" is incorrect as colostrum is a valid source of IgA.

Directly Observed Treatment Shortcourse (DOTS) is a method developed to ensure treatment compliance to TB patients. It involves healthcare providers directly observing patients as they take their medication to ensure they complete the full course of treatment. This approach has been proven to be effective in improving treatment outcomes and reducing the risk of drug resistance.

Chloroquine is used to prevent malaria. It is an antimalarial drug that works by killing the parasites that cause malaria. It is commonly used in areas where malaria is prevalent to prevent infection in individuals at risk, such as travelers to malaria-endemic regions. Chloroquine is effective against both chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of malaria. It is generally well-tolerated and has been used for many years as a prophylactic agent against malaria.

A nurse should monitor the temperature of a vaccine twice a day to ensure its stability and effectiveness. Monitoring the temperature multiple times allows for early detection of any deviations that could potentially compromise the vaccine's quality. By checking the temperature twice a day, the nurse can take necessary actions to maintain the required temperature range and prevent any potential damage to the vaccine.

The given answer, "DOH mandates the Center for Health in a given area especially the private hospitals," does not belong about the National Level under the Public Sector because the National Level is responsible for maintaining provincial health teams made up of DOH representatives, and having a regional office in every region. The mandate of the Center for Health in a given area, especially private hospitals, would fall under the jurisdiction of the local level rather than the national level.

PD 856 is the correct answer because it is the code of sanitation. The other options, RA 7160, RA 6425, and PD 996, are not related to sanitation.

The 2nd post-natal visit is typically scheduled for 7 days after birth, according to Essential Intrapartum and Newborn Care guidelines. This visit allows healthcare professionals to assess the newborn's health, monitor growth and development, and provide necessary care and support to both the baby and the mother.

Skin to skin contact has been found to have numerous medical benefits, including enhancing thermoregulation, promoting colonization with maternal skin flora, and contributing to the overall success of breastfeeding/colostrum feeding. However, stimulation of the mucosa is not one of the benefits associated with skin to skin contact.

The elements of Fourmula One for Health include health regulation, good governance, and health financing. However, health education is not included in these elements. Health education is an important component in promoting and improving public health, but it is not specifically mentioned in the Fourmula One for Health framework.

The EPI Mandatory Infant and Children Immunization Act covers children below 5 years old. This means that all children who are younger than 5 years old are required by law to receive the specified immunizations outlined in the act.

The correct answer is Inter Local Health Zone. In the Philippines, the Inter Local Health Zone is a unit of the health system that is created for local health service management and delivery. It refers to a geographical area that encompasses several local government units and is responsible for coordinating and implementing health programs and services within that area. This system aims to improve the accessibility, quality, and efficiency of healthcare delivery at the local level.

The promotion of good health and well-being is anchored on UN's Sustainable Development Goal (SGD) number 3. This goal focuses on ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages. It includes targets such as reducing maternal and child mortality, combating communicable diseases, ensuring access to healthcare services, and promoting mental health. Achieving this goal is crucial for overall development and the well-being of individuals and communities.

The elimination of violence against men and children and other forms of sexual and gender-based violence is not considered an element of reproductive health. Reproductive health primarily focuses on education and counseling on sexuality and reproductive health, the mental health aspect of reproductive health care, and maternal, infant, and child health and nutrition, including breastfeeding. While violence prevention is an important issue, it falls outside the scope of reproductive health.

Promotion of health and well-being for every Filipino. The mission of the Philippine Department of Health is to ensure that all Filipinos, particularly the poor, have access to fair, sustainable, and high-quality healthcare. They also aim to lead in promoting the overall health and well-being of every Filipino. Additionally, they provide guidance and national plans for health programs and activities in the country.

IMCI stands for Integrated Management of Childhood Illness, which is a strategy developed by the World Health Organization and UNICEF to improve the management of common childhood illnesses. The main symptoms of IMCI include cough or difficulty of breathing, ear infection, and fever. Lack of appetite is not typically considered a main symptom of IMCI.

The main target of the Millennium Development Goals is to reduce global poverty and hunger. This means that the goals aim to address the issues of poverty and hunger on a global scale, with the objective of improving the living conditions and well-being of people around the world. By focusing on reducing poverty and hunger, the Millennium Development Goals aim to create a more equitable and sustainable world for all.

The polio vaccine is the most heat sensitive vaccine because it contains live attenuated (weakened) virus strains that can be easily inactivated by heat. This means that exposure to high temperatures can render the vaccine ineffective, reducing its ability to provide immunity against polio. Therefore, it is crucial to store and transport the polio vaccine at the recommended temperature range to maintain its potency and ensure its effectiveness in preventing polio infection.

As per PD 651, births and deaths are required to be reported within 30 days. This means that individuals are given a period of one month to report the occurrence of a birth or death. This timeframe allows for the necessary documentation and registration processes to be completed in a timely manner. Reporting within 30 days ensures accurate and up-to-date records of births and deaths, which are important for various administrative, legal, and statistical purposes.

Supplementary immunization activities are not a principle of EPI. The EPI (Expanded Program on Immunization) focuses on mass approach, which means reaching a large number of people with immunization services. It is also based on the epidemiological situation, meaning that the vaccination strategy is determined by the prevalence and incidence of diseases in a particular area. Additionally, EPI is considered a basic health service, as it is a fundamental component of primary healthcare. However, supplementary immunization activities are not part of the core principles of EPI.

Plasmodium is the correct answer because it is the causative agent of malaria. Plasmodium is a parasitic protozoan that is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Once inside the human body, the Plasmodium parasites multiply in the liver and then infect red blood cells, leading to the symptoms of malaria. Anopheles, Aeges, and Poecilius are not causative agents of malaria and do not play a role in the transmission or development of the disease.

BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) and Measles vaccines are the two vaccines that are available in freeze-dried form. Freeze-drying is a process that involves removing the water from a substance while it is frozen, resulting in a dry and stable product. This method is used to preserve vaccines and extend their shelf life. BCG is used to protect against tuberculosis, while the Measles vaccine provides immunity against measles.

The criteria in the determination of the use of appropriate technology include effectiveness, safety, acceptability, complexity, feasibility, and scope of technology. These criteria ensure that the technology is effective in achieving its intended purpose, safe to use, acceptable to the users, not overly complex, feasible to implement, and suitable for the intended scope of application. Therefore, options I, II, III, V, and VI are the correct answers as they include all the mentioned criteria.

Primary Health Care was first introduced in Russia.

RA 7170 is the correct answer because it is the Republic Act that authorizes the legacy or donation of all parts of a human body after death. The other options (RA 7719, RA 7875, and RA 6675) do not pertain to this specific topic and therefore cannot be the correct answer.

The legal basis of PHC was established on October 19, 1979.

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The hazard allowance for Public Health Workers in salary grade 20 is 5%.

The study of all factors in man's physical environment, which may exercise a deleterious effect on his health well-being and survival, is known as environmental sanitation. This field focuses on identifying and addressing potential hazards in the environment that can negatively impact human health. It involves practices such as waste management, water and air quality control, and ensuring proper hygiene and sanitation measures are in place. By studying and implementing environmental sanitation measures, the aim is to prevent the spread of diseases and promote a healthy living environment for individuals.

The correct answer is Height for Age. This indicator is used to assess past, chronic, undernutrition. It measures the child's height in relation to their age, indicating whether they have experienced stunted growth due to long-term malnutrition. This indicator helps identify children who have experienced long-term nutrient deficiencies and are at risk for developmental delays and other health issues.

The correct answer is AHA. AHA stands for the "All for Health, Towards Health for All" program, which is a focused approach to health reform implementation in the Philippines. It aims to ensure that all Filipinos, especially the poor, receive the benefits of health reform. AHA focuses on improving access to healthcare services, promoting health equity, and strengthening the health system in the country. The program is implemented by the Department of Health (DOH) in collaboration with other stakeholders, including the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Health Insurance Program (NHIP).

The AHA focused approach to health reform implementation is in the context of HSRA and F1. This suggests that the AHA (American Heart Association) is prioritizing the implementation of health reform in relation to the Health Services Research Administration (HSRA) and the Formula 1 (F1) racing industry. This approach may involve utilizing research and data from HSRA to inform and guide health reform initiatives, and potentially collaborating with the F1 industry to promote health and wellness initiatives.

RA 9231 is a law that requires the issuance of a work permit prior to the employment of children. The correct answer is 15 years old because this is the age at which children are considered eligible for employment and therefore require a work permit.