AP Government Test #2

It has been banned by United States Supreme Court decisions beginning with Baker v. Carr.

It was used traditionally to maintain urban control of the House of Representatives.

It can be used by a political party to draw boundary lines to control as many districts as possible.

It guarantees greater constituency control over elected representatives.

It ensures liberal control of the House of Representatives.

Parties have no organization except at the national level.

Parties are centrally organized to provide a smooth transition from one national campaign to the next.

Parties are organized much like a large corporation, in that decisions flow from national to state and local levels.

Local and state parties have virtually no power in the party system.

Separate and largely independent party organizations exist at national, state, and local levels.

It has increased the importance of state party organizations.

It has loosened the hold of party leaders over the nomination process.

It has reduced the role of citizens in the candidate selection process.

It has lowered the cost of running for office.

It has led to a decline in the importance of party voter-registration drives.

Primary elections tend to elicit a higher voter turnout than do general elections.

The majority of the electorate does not vote in most elections.

Voter turnout plays an insignificant role in election outcomes.

Adult citizens under the age of 30 tend to have the highest rate of voter turnout.

Voters with strong party identification vote less regularly than do independents.

Political parties are prohibited from sponsoring campaign advertisements, and interest groups are not.

Political parties represent broad arrays of issues, whereas interest groups are more likely to focus on narrow sets of issues.

Political parties are more likely to focus on national politics, whereas interest groups focus on local politics.

Political parties tend to have strength in particular regions, whereas the power of interest groups is more consistent across states.

Political parties are required to disclose their campaign finance activities, whereas interest groups are not.

Is narrow in scope and low in public visibility.

Is part of the president's legislative package.

Has been dramatized by the media.

Engages legislators' deeply held convictions.

Divides legislators along party lines.

The use of private property is regulated by the government.

Governments communicate with each other.

Public attitudes toward government are measured and reported.

Political values are passed to the next generation.

Children are trained for successful occupations.

Partisan identification

Party platform adopted at the national convention

Vice-presidential running mate

Endorsement by political incumbents

Appeal of the candidates' spouses

Parties increasingly identify themselves with coherent ideologies to attract large blocks of voters.

The percentage of voters identifying themselves as either Democrats or Republicans has been declining since the 1970s.

National party organizations are generally the strongest party organizations.

It is increasingly difficult for third parties to gain more than two percent of the popular vote.

Most candidates prefer to run as independents rather than as Democrats or Republicans.

Registration requirements

Low political efficacy among many voters

Laws protecting minority voting rights

Frequent elections at the state and local level

Weekday elections

A 25-year-old white male with some high school education who is employed as a laborer in Florida

A 55-year-old African American saleswoman from Georgia who has a master's degree

A 65-year-old Hispanic male from California who is retired and lives on social security

A 35-year-old female secretary from New York with an associate's degree who is a devout Catholic

A 45-year-old white businessman from South Carolina who attends church weekly

They make campaign contributions in hopes of gaining access to legislators.

They are a part of political party organizations.

They are allowed to contribute to only one candidate in any election.

They nominate candidates for president at national party conventions.

They operate at the state level but not at the national level.

Endorse specific candidates for political office

Favor the position of one interest group over another

Counter the censorship activities of media watch groups

Mobilize economic interests in favor of a particular candidate

Decide which issues are important enough to bring to public attention

Writing letters to public officials

Voting in local elections

Voting in presidential elections

Contributing money to political candidates

Attending local party meetings

College-educated voters

Working-class voters

African American voters

Young voters

Low-income voters

Limits cannot be placed upon candidates' contributions to their own campaigns

Independent campaign expenditures by corporations and unions are protected by the First Amendment

Limits on issue advertisements 90 days before an election are unconstitutional

Limits on campaign contributions by minors are constitutional under the First Amendment

Requiring endorsement statements in campaign advertisements is unconsitutional

Pressing for changes in high-profile public policies

Lobbying members of Congress to make small changes in existing policy

Using the judiciary to invalidate federal legislation

Encouraging states to use their Tenth Amendment rights and ignore federal law

Running candidates for office

Labor union members

Business leaders

African Americans

Native Americans

White Southerners

An increase in the number of organized interest groups

A increase in the influence of political action committee (PAC) money in congressional elections

State adoption of direct primary elections

The loss of party patronage power

The splitting of the two major parties into a multiparty system

Assess recognition of the candidate's name

Measure voters' support for the candidate's issues

Bring the opposition's opinions into alignment with those of the candidate

Fine-tune policy stands

Identify key issues among the voters

Lack of effective third parties

Closed primaries

The need for the Electoral College

The way in which members are assigned to Congressional committees

The way in which the Speaker of the House is selected

Develop issues that are later adopted by the major political parties.

Draw enough votes from the major parties to throw the election into the House of Representatives.

Recruit leaders from the Democrats and Republicans to run for president.

Encourage a larger voter turnout.

Generate increased party identification among the electorate.

The president's party often wins a majority of seats in Congress by riding the president's coattails.

The allocation of electoral votes in the winner-take-all system exaggerates the margin of victory.

Presidents are allowed to implement their legislative agendas without interference during their first term.

The new president is allowed to replace a significant number of justices on the Supreme Court.

The incoming president automatically gains control of Congress.

Raiding

Apportionment

Reapportionment

Gerrymandering

Filibustering

Men are more likely to vote than are women.

Blue-collar workers are more likely to vote than are professionals.

Those with less than a high school education are more likely to vote than are college graduates.

Democrats are more likely to vote than are Republicans.

Senior citizens are more likely to vote than are college students.

Of their parents

Of the president

Of their friends

Of their teachers

Endorsed by the media

Influencing older citizens' opinions of incumbents

Affecting the public's views on domestic policy only

Influencing which issues the public sees as important

Changing well-educated people's views on foreign policy

Influencing the public's views on controversial issues only

Dealignment

Realignment

Republicanism

Ticket splitting

Caucusing

Surveying only cell phone users

Selecting a random sample

Asking leading questions

Contacting only registered voters

Conducting the survey online

Provide expertise to members of Congress when they are writing legislation

Lobby the executive bureaucracy when they are considering new rules and regulations

Raise and spend money on election campaigns

Generate research that can be used to influence public opinion

Hire policy experts who will promote their views in the media

Three-fourths of the electorate votes in a presidential election.

The South votes in larger numbers than does any other region of the country.

Men vote in larger numbers than do women.

There is no relationship between the age of the voter and participation rates.

The voter-participation rate is one of the lowest of any industrialized nation.

It is easy to garner support from most members of Congress on any issue.

All members of society desire the legislation that special interests pursue.

It is very easy to get legislation passed in Congress.

A narrow constituency derives the benefits from such legislation but the costs are spread broadly across the population.

Interest group activity represents the democratic process at work because individual interest groups often represent more than half the population.

Through mass demonstrations to raise awareness of their cause

Through lobbying of individual members of Congress for support on legislation

Through litigation in the courts to gain legal protections against discrimination

By launching educational campaigns to increase the level of public support for their cause

By persuading presidents to issue executive orders that prevent discrimination within the federal workforce

Conservatives

Libertarians

Independents

Liberals

Moderates

General election

Caucus

Blanket primary

Open primary

Closed primary