Module 9 - TOA - Architect Philosophies - Annayazu

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1. Less is more.

Explanation

Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe is the correct answer because the phrase "less is more" is often attributed to him. He was a German-American architect known for his minimalist approach and belief in simplicity and functionality in design. This phrase encapsulates his philosophy of using minimal elements to create maximum impact and beauty in architecture.

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Module 9 - TOA - Architect Philosophies - Annayazu - Quiz

Explore the philosophies of notable architects like Alvar Aalto, Peter Behrens, and Marcel Bruer, focusing on their unique views and contributions to architectural design.

2. There are 360 degrees, so why stick to one?

Explanation

Zaha Hadid is the correct answer because she was a renowned architect known for her innovative and futuristic designs. She pushed the boundaries of traditional architecture and embraced fluid forms and unconventional shapes. Hadid's designs often incorporated multiple angles and curves, which suggests her willingness to explore beyond the limitations of a single angle or perspective. Therefore, her work aligns with the statement "There are 360 degrees, so why stick to one?"

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3. Architecture must meet 3 requirements: Strength, Beauty, Utility. (Firmitas, Venustas, Utilitas)

Explanation

Marcus Vitruvius Polio is the correct answer because he is the architect who first established the three fundamental principles of architecture: strength, beauty, and utility. These principles, also known as Firmitas, Venustas, and Utilitas, have been widely accepted and followed by architects throughout history. Vitruvius' writings on architecture, particularly his book "De Architectura," have had a significant influence on the field and continue to be studied and referenced today.

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4. Won the international competition for replanning Skopje in Yugoslavia, also master planner of the international exhibition of 1970 at Osaka, Japan.

Explanation

Kenzo Tange is the correct answer because he won the international competition for replanning Skopje in Yugoslavia and was the master planner of the international exhibition of 1970 at Osaka, Japan. This suggests that Tange had the expertise and skill to successfully plan and design large-scale projects on an international level.

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5. Form ever follows function.

Explanation

Louis Sullivan is the correct answer because he is widely known for his famous quote "form ever follows function." This quote encapsulates Sullivan's belief that the design of a building should be determined by its intended function or purpose. He believed that the aesthetic qualities of a building should be derived from its structural and functional requirements. This principle became a key tenet of modern architecture and greatly influenced the development of the skyscraper.

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6. Organic Architecture.

Explanation

Frank Lloyd Wright is the correct answer because he was a renowned American architect who was known for his organic architecture style. Organic architecture emphasizes the integration of buildings with their natural surroundings, using natural materials, and incorporating elements of nature into the design. Wright's famous works, such as Fallingwater and the Guggenheim Museum, exemplify his organic architecture principles.

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7. Father of Modern Architecture.

Explanation

Louis Sullivan is considered the "Father of Modern Architecture" because of his significant contributions to the development of skyscrapers and his innovative use of steel and glass in building design. He was one of the pioneers of the Chicago School of Architecture and his designs emphasized functionality, efficiency, and the integration of technology. Sullivan's ideas and designs had a lasting impact on the field of architecture and influenced many future architects.

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8. Invented the geodesic dome based in principle: space frame in many different materials like timber, plywood, aluminum, paper board, pre-stressed concrete and even bamboo.

Explanation

Buckminster Fuller is the correct answer because he is known for inventing the geodesic dome, which is a structure based on the principle of a space frame. This dome can be constructed using various materials such as timber, plywood, aluminum, paper board, pre-stressed concrete, and even bamboo.

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9. He loves to use hyperboloids and paraboloids because he asserted that the straight line belongs to man and the curved line belongs to god.

Explanation

Antonio Gaudi is the correct answer because he is known for his extensive use of hyperboloids and paraboloids in his architectural designs. Gaudi believed that straight lines belonged to man and curved lines belonged to God, which is why he incorporated these curved shapes into his buildings. Gaudi's unique and innovative use of hyperboloids and paraboloids is a defining characteristic of his work and sets him apart from the other architects listed.

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10. Founded the Bauhaus and assembled "The Architect Collaborate" which was made up of young architects, to put into effect his cherished concept of group practice.

Explanation

Walter Gropius is the correct answer because he founded the Bauhaus, a renowned art school in Germany. He also assembled "The Architect Collaborate," a group of young architects, to implement his idea of group practice in architecture. Gropius was a key figure in the development of modernist architecture and his ideas had a significant impact on the field.

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11. Modern architecture need not be western.

Explanation

Kenzo Tange is the correct answer because he was a Japanese architect who played a significant role in the development of modern architecture. His designs were influenced by both Western and Eastern architectural styles, blending traditional Japanese elements with modernist principles. Tange's work showcased the idea that modern architecture does not have to be limited to Western styles, emphasizing the importance of cultural diversity and the ability to create unique architectural expressions in different parts of the world.

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12. The house is a machine for living in.

Explanation

Le Corbusier is the correct answer because he is known for his statement "The house is a machine for living in." This quote reflects his belief that architecture should be functional and efficient, treating buildings as machines that cater to the needs of its inhabitants. Le Corbusier's modernist approach to design and his emphasis on the relationship between architecture and human comfort make him the most fitting choice among the given options.

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13. Less is a bore.

Explanation

Robert Venturi is the correct answer because he is known for his architectural philosophy that challenged the modernist belief that "less is more." Venturi believed that simplicity and minimalism could be boring, and instead advocated for complexity, variety, and contradiction in design. He argued for a more inclusive and contextual approach to architecture, incorporating elements from different styles and historical references. This philosophy is summarized in his famous quote, "Less is a bore," which suggests that architecture should be rich, diverse, and expressive.

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14. God is in the details.

Explanation

Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe is the correct answer because he is known for his minimalist architectural style and his famous quote "God is in the details." This quote emphasizes the importance of paying attention to the smallest details in design and architecture, as they can have a significant impact on the overall quality and success of a project. Van Der Rohe's work reflects this philosophy, as he believed that every element of a building should be carefully considered and executed to create a harmonious and functional whole.

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15. In the US, he was the first to give logic & form to the steel skyscraper, the structure, the structure that announced the beginning of modern architecture.

Explanation

Louis Sullivan is the correct answer because he was the first architect in the US to give logic and form to the steel skyscraper. His innovative designs and use of steel as a structural material revolutionized modern architecture and marked the beginning of a new era in building construction. Sullivan's influential work paved the way for the development of skyscrapers and greatly impacted the field of architecture in the United States.

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16. To provide meaningful architecture is not to parody history but to articulate it.

Explanation

The quote suggests that providing meaningful architecture does not involve imitating or mocking historical styles, but rather involves expressing and interpreting history in a unique and original way. Daniel Libeskind is known for his innovative and unconventional architectural designs that often incorporate historical references and narratives, making him the most fitting choice based on the given explanation.

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17. I don't know why people hire architects and then tell them what to do.

Explanation

Frank Gehry is known for his unique and innovative architectural designs that challenge traditional norms. His designs often incorporate unconventional materials and shapes, creating visually striking and iconic buildings. This quote suggests that people hire architects for their expertise and creativity, but then try to dictate their vision, which goes against the purpose of hiring an architect. Frank Gehry's work is a testament to the importance of allowing architects the freedom to express their artistic vision and push the boundaries of design.

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18. A house is like a flower pot.

Explanation

Richard Josef Neutra is known for his modernist architectural style that emphasizes functionality and simplicity. The comparison of a house to a flower pot could be interpreted as Neutra's belief that a house should be designed with the same level of care and attention to detail as a delicate and beautiful flower pot. Neutra's approach to architecture focused on creating harmonious spaces that seamlessly integrated with their natural surroundings, much like a flower pot complements and enhances the beauty of the flowers it holds.

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19. Famous for thin shell structures. He is one of the most notable concrete engineers of the age.

Explanation

Felix Candela is famous for his work with thin shell structures, making him one of the most notable concrete engineers of his time. His innovative designs and use of concrete created visually striking and structurally impressive buildings. Candela's work has had a lasting impact on the field of architecture and he is recognized as a pioneer in the use of concrete in construction.

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20. A doctor can bury his mistakes, but an architect can only advise his clients to plant vines.

Explanation

Frank Lloyd Wright is the correct answer because he was an architect known for his organic architecture style, which often incorporated natural elements such as plants and vines. The quote suggests that architects cannot hide or erase their mistakes, but they can suggest ways to improve or cover them up, such as by advising clients to plant vines to soften the appearance of a building. This aligns with Wright's design philosophy of integrating buildings with their natural surroundings.

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21. As an architect you design for the present, with an awareness of the past, for a future which is essentially unknown.

Explanation

Norman Foster is a renowned architect known for his innovative and futuristic designs. His approach to architecture involves designing for the present while being conscious of the past and considering the unknown future. This aligns with the quote by Marcus Vitruvius Polio, which emphasizes the importance of designing with an awareness of history and a consideration for the future. Foster's work reflects this philosophy, making him the correct answer.

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22. Architecture starts when you carefully put two bricks together. There it begins.

Explanation

Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe is the correct answer because he is known for his modernist architectural style, which often involved the use of simple and minimalistic designs. The quote provided in the question emphasizes the importance of the basic building blocks of architecture, which aligns with Mies Van Der Rohe's approach of focusing on fundamental elements and structures.

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23. Nature is the determinant in the conceptualization of human environment.

Explanation

Frank Lloyd Wright is the correct answer because he was an architect known for his organic architecture approach, which emphasized the integration of buildings with their natural surroundings. He believed that architecture should be in harmony with nature and that the environment should be a determining factor in the design process. Wright's designs often incorporated natural materials, open spaces, and large windows to connect the interior and exterior spaces and create a sense of unity with the natural environment. Therefore, his work aligns with the statement that nature is the determinant in the conceptualization of human environment.

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24. Not many architects have the luxury to reject significant things.

Explanation

Rem Koolhaas is the correct answer because he is known for his willingness to challenge traditional architectural norms and conventions. He is often associated with the concept of "anti-architecture" and has been praised for his ability to reject and redefine significant elements in his designs. Koolhaas is renowned for his innovative and unconventional approach to architecture, making him a fitting choice for the statement about rejecting significant things.

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25. Father of Fantastic Architecture

Explanation

Antonio Gaudi is considered the father of Fantastic Architecture due to his unique and innovative architectural style. Gaudi's designs were characterized by their organic shapes, intricate details, and use of unconventional materials. His most famous work, the Sagrada Familia in Barcelona, showcases his fantastical approach to architecture with its towering spires, elaborate facades, and imaginative use of light and color. Gaudi's distinctive style has had a lasting impact on the field of architecture and continues to inspire architects around the world.

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26. When a time comes for a change, the outsider is needed because it has preserved the freshness of vision required to see what changes are necessary, whereas the specialist may prove to be too inflexible."   Influenced Gropius and Mies Van Der Rohe "Master of Masters"

Explanation

Peter Behrens is the correct answer because he was an outsider who brought a fresh vision to the field of architecture. He was a German architect and designer who was influential in the early 20th century. Behrens was known for his innovative approach to design and his ability to adapt to changing times. He was a mentor to influential architects such as Walter Gropius and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who went on to become leaders in the modernist movement. Behrens' outsider perspective allowed him to see what changes were necessary in architecture, making him an important figure in the field.

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27. Architecture should speak of its time and place, but yearn for timelessness.

Explanation

Frank Gehry is the correct answer because his architectural designs embody the idea of speaking to the time and place in which they are built, while also striving for timelessness. Gehry's buildings are known for their unique and innovative designs that often incorporate unconventional materials and shapes. His work pushes the boundaries of architecture and has become iconic in many cities around the world. Gehry's ability to create buildings that are both of their time and yet timeless is what sets him apart and makes him the correct answer to the question.

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28. Father of Furniture architecture.

Explanation

Marcel Bruer is considered the father of furniture architecture because of his significant contributions to the development of modern furniture design. He is best known for his innovative use of tubular steel in furniture, particularly his iconic Wassily Chair. Bruer's designs revolutionized the industry by combining functionality, comfort, and aesthetic appeal. His work paved the way for the modernist movement in furniture design and continues to inspire designers today.

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29. One of the great beauties of architecture is that each time, it is like life starting all over again.

Explanation

Renzo Piano is the correct answer because he is an internationally renowned architect known for his innovative and contemporary designs. His works often incorporate sustainable and environmentally friendly elements, and he has been involved in many high-profile projects around the world. His approach to architecture can be seen as a fresh start or a new beginning, which aligns with the quote about architecture being like life starting all over again.

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30. He favored competitions by addition rather than by subdivision. After the great fire in London, he designed its 51 city churches.

Explanation

Sir Christopher Wren is the correct answer because he is known for favoring competitions by addition rather than by subdivision. Additionally, he played a significant role in the redesign and reconstruction of the city of London after the Great Fire, including the design of its 51 city churches.

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31. My work is not about form follows function, but form follows beauty, or even better: form follows feminine.

Explanation

Oscar Niemeyer is the correct answer because the quote mentioned in the question suggests that the person's work is focused on the concept of "form follows beauty" or "form follows feminine." Niemeyer was known for his modernist architecture that emphasized organic and curvilinear forms, often described as highly aesthetic and beautiful. His designs were influenced by his appreciation for the female form, which is in line with the idea of "form follows feminine" mentioned in the quote.

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32. To create, one must first question everything.

Explanation

Eileen Gray is the correct answer because she was a pioneering architect and designer who constantly challenged conventions and questioned traditional norms in her work. She was known for her innovative and avant-garde designs, which often pushed the boundaries of architecture and furniture design. Gray's approach of questioning everything and challenging established ideas was a key aspect of her creative process, making her a fitting choice for the quote provided.

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33. Architecture is really about well-being. I think that people want to feel good in a space. On the one hand its about shelter, but its also about pleasure.

Explanation

Zaha Hadid is the correct answer because she was an influential architect known for her innovative and futuristic designs. Her work often focused on creating spaces that were visually striking and unique, while also considering the well-being and experience of the people who would inhabit those spaces. Hadid's designs aimed to provide both shelter and pleasure, aligning with the statement made in the quote about architecture being about well-being and feeling good in a space.

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34. Architecture is the will of an epoch translated into space.

Explanation

Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe is the correct answer because he was a renowned architect who believed that architecture should reflect the spirit and values of the time in which it is created. He believed that architecture is not just about creating functional spaces, but also about expressing the aspirations and ideals of a particular era. This aligns with the given quote by Adolf Loos, which suggests that architecture is a manifestation of the will and mindset of a specific period.

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35. Unity disguised as chaos - complexity & contradiction is often what makes works of art both exciting & profound.

Explanation

Robert Venturi is the correct answer because his architectural philosophy embraces complexity and contradiction in design. He believed that architecture should reflect the diverse and chaotic nature of modern society, rather than conforming to a singular style or ideology. Venturi's work often includes elements of irony, humor, and historical references, challenging the traditional notions of what constitutes good design. His approach to architecture aligns with the idea that unity can be found within the apparent chaos, resulting in exciting and profound works of art.

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36. The building must not only be on the hill, but of the hill.

Explanation

Frank Lloyd Wright believed that architecture should be in harmony with its natural surroundings. He emphasized the integration of buildings with the natural landscape, using materials and design elements that complemented the environment. This philosophy is reflected in his famous quote, "The building must not only be on the hill, but of the hill." Wright's designs often incorporated the natural contours of the land and he sought to create a seamless connection between the built environment and nature. Therefore, the given correct answer, Frank Lloyd Wright, aligns with his belief in designing buildings that are not only located on a hill but also blend harmoniously with it.

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37. An idea is salvation by imagination.

Explanation

Frank Lloyd Wright is the correct answer because he is known for his innovative and imaginative architectural designs. He believed that architecture should be in harmony with its natural surroundings and that imagination is essential in creating unique and meaningful spaces. Wright's designs often incorporated organic elements and he was a pioneer of the "Prairie School" architectural style, which emphasized horizontal lines and open floor plans. His imaginative approach to architecture has made him one of the most influential and celebrated architects of the 20th century.

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38. Ornament equals crime

Explanation

Adolf Loos is the correct answer because he was an influential architect and critic who believed that ornamentation in architecture was unnecessary and even detrimental. He argued that ornamentation was a waste of resources and a distraction from the true purpose of architecture, which was to provide functional and efficient spaces. Loos advocated for simplicity and a focus on the essential elements of design, which later became a key principle of modernist architecture. His ideas had a significant impact on the development of architectural theory and practice in the 20th century.

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39. Coined the term "international style."

Explanation

Philip Johnson is the correct answer because he is credited with coining the term "international style." This term refers to a modern architectural style that emerged in the 1920s and 1930s, characterized by the use of simple geometric forms, clean lines, and the absence of ornamentation. Johnson popularized this term through his writings and exhibitions, helping to define and promote the international style as a significant architectural movement.

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40. Built many railway stations in Europe.

Explanation

Eliel Saarinen is the correct answer because he was a Finnish architect who designed and built several railway stations in Europe. He is known for his work in the early 20th century, including the Helsinki Central Station, which is considered one of his most significant works. Saarinen's designs were known for their innovative and functional approach, and his railway stations were praised for their architectural beauty and efficiency.

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41. Former dean of Architecture in Yale University.

Explanation

Paul Rudolph is the correct answer because he was the former dean of Architecture at Yale University. This indicates that he held a prestigious position in the field of architecture and had a significant influence on architectural education at Yale University. Rudolph was known for his modernist designs and his contributions to the Brutalist architectural movement. His notable works include the Yale Art and Architecture Building and the Sarasota High School.

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42. He was against the idea of fanciful designs. He was an anti-ornamentalist, a believer of engineering and plumbing. He was an adherent of monumentalism, thus, when he joined the competition for the design of the Chicago tribune tower, he designed it in the form of a huge Doric column.

Explanation

Adolf Loos is the correct answer because the passage states that he was against fanciful designs and believed in engineering and plumbing. This aligns with his architectural philosophy of functionalism and his rejection of ornamentation. Additionally, the passage mentions his adherence to monumentalism, which is reflected in his design of the Chicago Tribune Tower as a massive Doric column.

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43. Principal exponent of British Art Nouveau. He believed in absence of external decoration & subtlety of proportion in structures.

Explanation

Charles Rennie Mackintosh is the correct answer because he is known as the principal exponent of British Art Nouveau. He believed in the absence of external decoration and the subtlety of proportion in structures. Mackintosh's designs were characterized by clean lines, geometric shapes, and a focus on functionality. He was a prominent figure in the Glasgow School movement and his work greatly influenced the development of modern architecture and design.

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44. Art & Architecture, the new unity.

Explanation

Walter Gropius is the correct answer because he was a prominent architect and one of the pioneers of modernist architecture. He was the founder of the Bauhaus school of design, which aimed to unite art and architecture. Gropius believed that architecture should be functional, efficient, and accessible to all, and he incorporated these principles into his designs. His work had a significant impact on the development of modern architecture, making him a key figure in the field.

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45. The mother art is architecture. Without an architecture of our own, we have no soul of our own civilization.

Explanation

Frank Lloyd Wright is the correct answer because he is considered one of the most influential architects of the 20th century. He developed a unique style known as "organic architecture," which aimed to harmonize buildings with their natural surroundings. Wright's innovative designs, such as Fallingwater and the Guggenheim Museum, showcase his mastery of space, form, and materials. His work continues to inspire architects and shape the field of architecture.

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46. Function influences but does not dictate form.

Explanation

The statement "Function influences but does not dictate form" suggests that while the purpose or function of a design may have an impact on its form or appearance, it does not completely determine it. In other words, a design can be influenced by its intended use, but there is still room for creativity and personal expression in the final form of the design. Eero Saarinen, a renowned architect and designer, is known for his innovative and imaginative approach to design, often creating unique and iconic structures that balance both function and form.

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47. City must be subject to growth, decay & renewal.

Explanation

Kenzo Tange is the correct answer because he was an architect known for his innovative designs that incorporated elements of growth, decay, and renewal. Tange believed that cities should not be static entities, but rather should evolve and adapt to the changing needs and desires of its inhabitants. His designs often included flexible and adaptable structures that could be modified over time, allowing for growth and renewal. Tange's philosophy aligns with the statement that cities must be subject to growth, decay, and renewal, making him the most suitable answer.

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48. Recognizing the need is the primary condition for design.

Explanation

Charles Eames is the correct answer because he was a renowned American designer and architect who emphasized the importance of understanding and recognizing the needs and desires of users before designing anything. He believed that design should be driven by functionality and the needs of people, rather than just aesthetics. This quote reflects his belief that recognizing the need is the starting point for any design process.

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49. Architecture depends on the sensous seizure by means of touch and sight.

Explanation

Erich Mendelsohn is the correct answer because his architecture is known for its emphasis on the sensory experience through touch and sight. Mendelsohn believed that architecture should engage the senses and create a strong emotional impact on the viewer. His designs often incorporated innovative use of materials, light, and form to create dynamic and expressive spaces. Mendelsohn's buildings, such as the Einstein Tower and the Schocken Department Store, are characterized by their sculptural quality and the way they interact with their surroundings, inviting the viewer to engage with them both visually and physically.

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50. A bridge is like a house. Each bridge & house is a special case; each must be constructed & shaped & shaped according to the environment with which it must cope & the function it is to have.

Explanation

Robert Maillart is the correct answer because his work in bridge engineering exemplifies the idea that bridges, like houses, need to be carefully designed and constructed to fit their specific environment and purpose. Maillart was known for his innovative use of reinforced concrete and his ability to create elegant and efficient bridge designs that harmonized with their surroundings. This quote suggests that a bridge should be tailored to its environment and function, just like a house, and Maillart's work embodies this principle.

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51. "Pure form." He believed that truth is beauty, expressed by the clarity of straight lines reflecting surfaces.

Explanation

Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe is the correct answer because he believed in the concept of "pure form" and the idea that truth is beauty. He expressed this belief through his architectural designs, which featured straight lines and reflective surfaces that emphasized clarity and simplicity. Van Der Rohe's work is often associated with the modernist movement and is known for its minimalist aesthetic.

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52. Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.

Explanation

Leonardo Da Vinci is the correct answer because he is known for his philosophy that simplicity is the ultimate sophistication. Da Vinci believed that simplicity in design and art was a sign of elegance and refinement. This philosophy is evident in his famous works such as the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, where he used simple and harmonious compositions to create timeless masterpieces. Da Vinci's belief in the power of simplicity has had a profound influence on the fields of art, design, and architecture, making him the most fitting choice among the given options.

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53. Space in Motion

Explanation

Frank Lloyd Wright is the correct answer because he was an American architect known for his organic architecture style, which emphasized the integration of buildings with their natural surroundings. He believed that architecture should be in harmony with nature and that buildings should be designed to enhance the lives of their occupants. Wright's notable works include Fallingwater, the Guggenheim Museum, and the Robie House, among many others. His innovative designs and philosophies had a significant impact on the field of architecture and continue to be influential today.

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54. Architecture is masterly, correct, & magnificent play of masses brought together into light.

Explanation

Le Corbusier is the correct answer because he was a renowned architect known for his mastery in designing buildings with a focus on the arrangement and interaction of masses, light, and space. His works were characterized by their grandeur and precision, making him a significant figure in modern architecture.

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55. Truth is indespensible to architecture and architectural lie concepts.

Explanation

Auguste Perret is the correct answer because he was a French architect known for his pioneering work in reinforced concrete construction. Perret believed in the importance of truth in architecture, meaning that the materials and construction techniques used should be expressed honestly and not hidden or disguised. He believed that architecture should be functional, rational, and honest in its expression. Perret's designs often showcased the use of concrete, which he saw as a modern and honest material. His philosophy aligns with the statement in the question that truth is indispensable to architecture, making him the most suitable answer.

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56. Architecture seizes upon space, encompasses space & is space itself.

Explanation

Erich Mendelsohn is the correct answer because his architectural style and philosophy align with the statement provided. Mendelsohn believed that architecture should not only occupy physical space but also capture the essence and atmosphere of a space. His designs often integrated with the surrounding environment, creating a harmonious relationship between the building and its surroundings. Mendelsohn's approach to architecture emphasizes the importance of space and how it can be utilized to enhance the overall experience of a building.

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57. When I'm working on a problem, i never think about beauty. But when I've finished, if the solution is not beautiful i know it's wrong

Explanation

Buckminster Fuller believed that the beauty of a solution is a reflection of its correctness. This means that when he is working on a problem, he focuses solely on finding the most effective and efficient solution. However, once he has finished, he evaluates the solution based on its aesthetic appeal. If the solution is not beautiful, he considers it to be incorrect. This suggests that Fuller values both functionality and aesthetics in problem-solving.

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58. Beauty grows from necessity, not from repetition of formulas.

Explanation

Eliel Saarinen is the correct answer because his architectural philosophy emphasized the importance of creating designs that were functional and met the specific needs of the users. He believed that beauty should arise naturally from the necessary elements of a building, rather than relying on repetitive and formulaic designs. This approach allowed Saarinen to create unique and innovative structures that were both aesthetically pleasing and practical in their functionality.

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59. Introduced thermal glass at UN secretariat bldg. Famous for his Tylon and Perisphere for the 1939 New York's trade fair.

Explanation

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60. Humanism. His concept of architecture is one of serenity and delight.

Explanation

Minoru Yamasaki is the correct answer because his concept of architecture aligns with the idea of serenity and delight. Yamasaki was known for creating buildings that focused on creating a sense of calm and joy for the occupants. His designs often incorporated natural light, open spaces, and a harmonious blend of form and function. This approach reflects the principles of humanism, which emphasizes the well-being and happiness of individuals. Therefore, Yamasaki's architectural philosophy resonates with the concept of serenity and delight, making him the most suitable choice among the given options.

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61. To avoid repetition of already known forms and solutions, an architectural work must contain basically a minimum of creative ability and must convey a personal contribution of the architect.

Explanation

Oscar Niemeyer is the correct answer because his architectural works demonstrate a high level of creative ability and convey a personal contribution. Niemeyer is renowned for his innovative and unique designs, characterized by curved forms and the use of reinforced concrete. His works, such as the Brasília Cathedral and the Niterói Contemporary Art Museum, showcase his distinctive style and artistic vision. Niemeyer's contributions to architecture reflect his creative abilities and personal touch, making him a fitting choice based on the given explanation.

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62. Nature and Architecture are two different things.

Explanation

Marcel Bruer is the correct answer because he was an architect known for his innovative use of materials, particularly in his design of furniture. He is often associated with the Bauhaus movement and is known for his contributions to modernist architecture. The other options listed are also architects, but they may not be as closely associated with the intersection of nature and architecture as Marcel Bruer.

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63. Architecture is a social Art.

Explanation

Marcel Bruer is the correct answer because he was an architect known for his contributions to the modernist movement in architecture. He believed that architecture should serve the needs of society and be influenced by social factors. His designs focused on functionality and simplicity, with an emphasis on creating spaces that were accessible and beneficial to people. This aligns with the statement that architecture is a social art, as it suggests that architecture should not only be aesthetically pleasing but also serve a purpose in society.

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64. "Architecture must create bldgs. w/c are conceived as a total artistic expression." His buildings has always a touch of "emotion beyond sentimentality and human beyond whimsy"

Explanation

Alvar Aalto is the correct answer because the statement describes his approach to architecture. Aalto believed that buildings should be seen as a complete artistic expression, going beyond mere functionality. His designs often incorporated elements that evoked emotion without being overly sentimental or whimsical. Aalto's work is known for its humanistic approach, considering the needs and experiences of the people who would inhabit the spaces he created. Therefore, Aalto's architectural style aligns with the statement provided.

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65. Reason is the first principles of all human work.

Explanation

Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe is the correct answer because he is known for his philosophy of "less is more" and his emphasis on simplicity and functionality in architecture. He believed in designing buildings based on their essential elements and eliminating any unnecessary ornamentation. This principle of starting from first principles and stripping away anything unnecessary is what makes Mies Van Der Rohe's work significant and influential in the field of architecture.

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66. A building has straight geometrical lines, even when these lines are free, it must always be evident that they have been studied & that they did not spring up simultaneously.

Explanation

Marcel Bruer is the correct answer because his work is known for its emphasis on straight geometrical lines in building design. He believed that these lines should always be intentional and carefully considered, rather than appearing haphazard or unplanned. Bruer's approach to architecture involved a meticulous study of the lines and forms used in his designs, ensuring that they were purposeful and deliberate. This aligns with the statement given in the question about the importance of studying and designing straight geometrical lines in a building.

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67. He follow beaux arts mode which  refers to historical and eclectic design on a monumental decade.

Explanation

Cass Gilbert is the correct answer because he followed the beaux arts mode, which refers to historical and eclectic design on a monumental scale. This style was popular during the late 19th and early 20th centuries and emphasized classical architectural elements and grandeur. Gilbert, an American architect, was known for his designs of numerous notable buildings, including the Woolworth Building in New York City, which exemplifies the beaux arts style with its ornate detailing and grand proportions.

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68. When you limit architecture to aesthetic experiment, you're making technology an end instead of means.

Explanation

Antonio Gaudi is the correct answer because he believed that architecture should not be solely focused on aesthetics, but should also serve a functional purpose. Gaudi's designs were known for their innovative use of materials and structural techniques, incorporating nature and organic forms into his buildings. He believed that architecture should harmonize with its surroundings and serve the needs of its occupants, rather than being purely an aesthetic experiment. Therefore, Gaudi's approach aligns with the statement that limiting architecture to aesthetic experiment makes technology an end instead of means.

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69. You can not know history.

Explanation

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70. The architect is only a vehicle for what has always been.

Explanation

Louis Khan is the correct answer because he believed that the architect's role is not to impose their own ideas onto a project, but rather to channel and express the inherent qualities and essence of the space and materials. He saw the architect as a conduit for the timeless principles of architecture, rather than an individual creator. This aligns with the statement that the architect is only a vehicle for what has always been, suggesting that the true essence of architecture exists independently of the architect.

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71. Architecture should have the element of growth and change.

Explanation

Kusho Kurokawa is the correct answer because he was a Japanese architect who believed in the concept of "Metabolism" in architecture. This concept emphasized the idea that buildings should be designed to accommodate growth and change over time. Kurokawa believed that architecture should be adaptable and flexible, allowing for modifications and additions as needed. This aligns with the statement that architecture should have the element of growth and change, making Kurokawa the most suitable choice among the given options.

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72. A building is the combination of different geometric figures.

Explanation

Benjamin Latrobe was an architect known for his work in the United States during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He is considered one of the first professional architects in America. Latrobe was known for his innovative designs and use of different geometric figures in his buildings. He combined various shapes and forms to create unique and aesthetically pleasing structures. Therefore, the statement "A building is the combination of different geometric figures" aligns with Benjamin Latrobe's architectural style and approach.

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73. Form and space were conceived as being situated in a landscape and most instances in a specific landscape.

Explanation

Benjamin Latrobe is the correct answer because he was an architect who was known for his innovative designs and his focus on integrating buildings with their surrounding landscapes. Latrobe believed that architecture should harmonize with nature and that buildings should be designed to fit seamlessly into their environment. This aligns with the statement in the question that form and space were conceived as being situated in a landscape and most instances in a specific landscape.

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74. Structural correctness which is identical with functional, technical, and economic is a necessary and sufficient condition of satisfactory aesthetic result.

Explanation

Pierre Luigi Nervi is the correct answer because he believed that structural correctness is essential for achieving a satisfactory aesthetic result in architecture. He believed that the functional, technical, and economic aspects of a structure are interconnected with its aesthetic qualities. Nervi's approach to architecture focused on creating structures that were not only visually pleasing but also structurally sound and efficient. His designs often showcased the inherent beauty of the structural elements, such as exposed concrete, and he believed that the integration of these elements was crucial for achieving a successful architectural outcome.

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75. Architecture is not merely a matter of engineering but an expression of the spirit of the imagination of the poetry.

Explanation

Oscar Niemeyer is the correct answer because he was a Brazilian architect known for his unique and innovative designs that blended functionality with artistic expression. He believed that architecture should not only serve practical purposes but also evoke emotions and inspire the imagination. Niemeyer's works often featured curved lines and organic shapes, reflecting his belief in the poetic and imaginative aspects of architecture. His designs, such as the Brasília Cathedral and the National Congress of Brazil, showcased his ability to create structures that were both functional and visually striking.

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76. Notable for urban renewal

Explanation

Ieoh Ming Pei is notable for urban renewal because he was an architect known for his modernist designs that revitalized urban areas. His works often incorporated innovative and functional designs that transformed and revitalized the urban landscape. Some of his notable projects include the Louvre Pyramid in Paris and the Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong. Pei's architectural contributions have had a significant impact on urban renewal and have helped shape the modern cityscape.

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77. Developed concrete mushroom construction.

Explanation

Robert Maillart is the correct answer because he was a Swiss structural engineer who revolutionized concrete construction techniques. He developed the concept of "concrete mushrooms," which refers to the use of reinforced concrete arches and vaults in bridge and building construction. Maillart's innovative designs combined aesthetics with structural efficiency, and his work greatly influenced modern architecture.

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78. Architecture is the only tangible expression of space, of which the human mind is capable.

Explanation

Erich Mendelsohn is the correct answer because he was an architect known for his innovative and expressive designs. His works, such as the Einstein Tower and the Schocken Department Store, showcase his ability to create tangible expressions of space that reflect the capabilities of the human mind. Mendelsohn's designs often incorporated dynamic forms and modern materials, demonstrating his understanding of the relationship between architecture and the human experience.

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79. His career reflects the movement of art nouveau

Explanation

Victor Horta is the correct answer because his career is closely associated with the movement of art nouveau. Art nouveau was a popular art style in the late 19th and early 20th centuries characterized by its organic forms and decorative elements. Horta, a Belgian architect, was one of the leading figures of the art nouveau movement, known for his innovative use of materials and his integration of art into architecture. His works, such as the Hôtel Tassel and the Hôtel Solvay in Brussels, exemplify the art nouveau style with their intricate ironwork, flowing lines, and natural motifs.

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80. The essential basis of all natural forms is geometries.

Explanation

Otto Wagner is the correct answer because he was an Austrian architect known for his belief in the importance of geometries in natural forms. He advocated for the use of rationalism and functionalism in architecture, emphasizing the use of simple geometric shapes and forms. Wagner's designs often incorporated clean lines, symmetry, and repetition, reflecting his belief in the fundamental role of geometries in creating harmonious and aesthetically pleasing structures. His influential book, "Modern Architecture," further emphasized the significance of geometries in architectural design.

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81. Function has today an increasing variety of forms to choose from.

Explanation

Antonio Gaudi is included in the list of architects mentioned in the question. The question states that "Function has today an increasing variety of forms to choose from," implying that the architects listed are examples of those who have contributed to this variety. Therefore, Antonio Gaudi is the correct answer as he is known for his unique and innovative architectural designs that prioritize both functionality and aesthetic appeal.

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82. Simplicity & functionality is the essence of design.

Explanation

Wells Coates is the correct answer because he was known for his minimalist and functional approach to design. He believed in creating designs that were simple yet highly functional, focusing on the essence of the design rather than unnecessary embellishments. This aligns with the statement that simplicity and functionality are the essence of design, making Wells Coates the most suitable choice.

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83. Man's first sense must have been beauty, a sense of total harmony.

Explanation

Louis Khan is the correct answer because he was known for his focus on creating architecture that embodied a sense of beauty and harmony. His designs often incorporated natural light and materials, as well as a sense of balance and proportion. Khan believed that architecture should evoke a spiritual and emotional response in people, and his work reflects this belief. His famous buildings, such as the Kimbell Art Museum and the Salk Institute, are renowned for their timeless beauty and ability to create a sense of total harmony.

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84. Architecture should not be a world to be thought of as an end to itself. It should be considered as a theater stage setting where the leading actors were the people opened to the technique of designing.

Explanation

Kusho Kurokawa is the correct answer because the quote suggests that architecture should not be seen as an isolated entity, but rather as a backdrop for human activity. Kurokawa's architectural philosophy aligns with this idea as he believed in creating spaces that were responsive to the needs and desires of the people who would inhabit them. He emphasized the importance of designing buildings that would enhance the human experience and create a harmonious relationship between people and their environment.

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85. Architectural form equals social form.

Explanation

Eliel Saarinen believed that architectural form is closely connected to social form. He believed that the design of buildings and spaces should reflect and respond to the needs and values of society. Saarinen's approach to architecture was influenced by his belief that the built environment has a significant impact on individuals and communities. He emphasized the importance of creating harmonious and functional spaces that enhance the social well-being of people. Saarinen's philosophy aligns with the idea that architecture is not only about aesthetics but also about creating spaces that promote social interaction and improve the quality of life.

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86. Architecture form proceed from the character of the institution it was intended to house rather than from books of design.

Explanation

Benjamin Latrobe is the correct answer because he believed that the design of architecture should be influenced by the purpose and character of the institution it was meant to house, rather than relying solely on design principles from books. Latrobe was known for his innovative and contextual approach to architecture, often adapting his designs to suit the specific needs and functions of the buildings he worked on. This philosophy aligns with the statement provided in the question, making Latrobe the most fitting choice among the listed architects.

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87. Nothing that is not practical can be beautiful.

Explanation

Otto Wagner is the correct answer because he was an Austrian architect and urban planner who believed in the principles of functionalism and practicality in design. He emphasized the importance of creating buildings that serve their purpose effectively and efficiently, rejecting unnecessary ornamentation. Wagner's architectural style focused on the practicality of a structure, which he believed was essential for creating true beauty. Therefore, his belief aligns with the statement that nothing that is not practical can be beautiful.

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88. Spiritual function is inseperable from practical function.

Explanation

Eero Saarinen was an architect known for his innovative and visionary designs. He believed that spirituality and practicality are interconnected and cannot be separated. This means that in his architectural practice, he aimed to create spaces that not only served their practical functions but also evoked a sense of spirituality and transcendence. Saarinen's designs often incorporated elements such as light, form, and materials to create a spiritual experience for the users of his buildings. This belief in the inseparability of spiritual and practical functions sets Saarinen apart from the other architects mentioned in the list.

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89. Any project is bad if it is more complicated to construct than necessary.

Explanation

Auguste Perret is the correct answer because he believed that a project is considered bad if it is more complicated to construct than necessary. This suggests that Perret valued simplicity and efficiency in construction, and believed that unnecessary complexity can be detrimental to a project.

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90. Fluid Mass Theory

Explanation

Erich Mendelsohn was a German architect known for his expressionist style and innovative use of materials. His designs often featured dynamic and flowing forms, which can be seen in his most famous work, the Einstein Tower in Potsdam, Germany. Mendelsohn's work was influenced by the fluid mass theory, which emphasized the importance of movement and organic shapes in architecture. This theory rejected the rigid and static forms of traditional architecture and instead embraced a more dynamic and fluid approach. Mendelsohn's inclusion in this list suggests that he was a proponent of the fluid mass theory and his work exemplified its principles.

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91. What the building wanted to be, man lives to express

Explanation

Louis Khan is the correct answer because he was an architect known for his philosophy of architecture and his focus on the expression of the building's purpose and function. He believed that architecture should be a reflection of the human experience and sought to create spaces that were meaningful and poetic. His designs often incorporated natural light, geometric forms, and a sense of monumentality. Khan's works, such as the Salk Institute and the Kimbell Art Museum, demonstrate his commitment to expressing the purpose and essence of a building through architectural design.

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92. He believes in monumentability because this gave 3 things: Continuity, permanence, & power of a building to embody a heroic attitude.

Explanation

Henry H. Richardson believes in monumentability because he values the qualities that a building can possess. He sees continuity as important, as it allows a building to stand the test of time and remain relevant throughout history. Permanence is also valued by Richardson, as he sees a building's ability to endure as a testament to its significance. Lastly, he believes that a building should have the power to embody a heroic attitude, suggesting that it should inspire and evoke a sense of greatness. Overall, Richardson sees monumentability as a way for a building to have a lasting impact and convey important messages.

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93. Our starting point for artistic creation is to be found only in modern life.

Explanation

Otto Wagner is the correct answer because he was an influential Austrian architect and urban planner who believed that artistic creation should be rooted in modern life. He was a proponent of the modernist movement in architecture, which emphasized functionality, simplicity, and the use of modern materials. Wagner's designs reflected these principles and he is known for his innovative and forward-thinking approach to architecture. His belief that art should be relevant to contemporary society aligns with the statement that the starting point for artistic creation is modern life.

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Less is more.
There are 360 degrees, so why stick to one?
Architecture must meet 3 requirements: Strength, Beauty, Utility....
Won the international competition for replanning Skopje in Yugoslavia,...
Form ever follows function.
Organic Architecture.
Father of Modern Architecture.
Invented the geodesic dome based in principle: space frame in many...
He loves to use hyperboloids and paraboloids because he asserted that...
Founded the Bauhaus and assembled "The Architect...
Modern architecture need not be western.
The house is a machine for living in.
Less is a bore.
God is in the details.
In the US, he was the first to give logic & form to the steel...
To provide meaningful architecture is not to parody history but to...
I don't know why people hire architects and then tell them what to...
A house is like a flower pot.
Famous for thin shell structures. He is one of the most notable...
A doctor can bury his mistakes, but an architect can only advise his...
As an architect you design for the present, with an awareness of the...
Architecture starts when you carefully put two bricks together. There...
Nature is the determinant in the conceptualization of human...
Not many architects have the luxury to reject significant things.
Father of Fantastic Architecture
When a time comes for a change, the outsider is needed because it has...
Architecture should speak of its time and place, but yearn for...
Father of Furniture architecture.
One of the great beauties of architecture is that each time, it is...
He favored competitions by addition rather than by subdivision. After...
My work is not about form follows function, but form follows beauty,...
To create, one must first question everything.
Architecture is really about well-being. I think that people want to...
Architecture is the will of an epoch translated into space.
Unity disguised as chaos - complexity & contradiction is often...
The building must not only be on the hill, but of the hill.
An idea is salvation by imagination.
Ornament equals crime
Coined the term "international style."
Built many railway stations in Europe.
Former dean of Architecture in Yale University.
He was against the idea of fanciful designs. He was an...
Principal exponent of British Art Nouveau. He believed in absence of...
Art & Architecture, the new unity.
The mother art is architecture. Without an architecture of our own, we...
Function influences but does not dictate form.
City must be subject to growth, decay & renewal.
Recognizing the need is the primary condition for design.
Architecture depends on the sensous seizure by means of touch and...
A bridge is like a house. Each bridge & house is a special case;...
"Pure form." He believed that truth is beauty, expressed by...
Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.
Space in Motion
Architecture is masterly, correct, & magnificent play of masses...
Truth is indespensible to architecture and architectural lie concepts.
Architecture seizes upon space, encompasses space & is space...
When I'm working on a problem, i never think about beauty. But...
Beauty grows from necessity, not from repetition of formulas.
Introduced thermal glass at UN secretariat bldg. Famous for his Tylon...
Humanism. His concept of architecture is one of serenity and delight.
To avoid repetition of already known forms and solutions, an...
Nature and Architecture are two different things.
Architecture is a social Art.
"Architecture must create bldgs. w/c are conceived as a total...
Reason is the first principles of all human work.
A building has straight geometrical lines, even when these lines are...
He follow beaux arts mode which  refers to historical and...
When you limit architecture to aesthetic experiment, you're making...
You can not know history.
The architect is only a vehicle for what has always been.
Architecture should have the element of growth and change.
A building is the combination of different geometric figures.
Form and space were conceived as being situated in a landscape and...
Structural correctness which is identical with functional, technical,...
Architecture is not merely a matter of engineering but an expression...
Notable for urban renewal
Developed concrete mushroom construction.
Architecture is the only tangible expression of space, of which the...
His career reflects the movement of art nouveau
The essential basis of all natural forms is geometries.
Function has today an increasing variety of forms to choose from.
Simplicity & functionality is the essence of design.
Man's first sense must have been beauty, a sense of total harmony.
Architecture should not be a world to be thought of as an end to...
Architectural form equals social form.
Architecture form proceed from the character of the institution it was...
Nothing that is not practical can be beautiful.
Spiritual function is inseperable from practical function.
Any project is bad if it is more complicated to construct than...
Fluid Mass Theory
What the building wanted to be, man lives to express
He believes in monumentability because this gave 3 things: Continuity,...
Our starting point for artistic creation is to be found only in modern...
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