Modern World History Final Exam Review - Part IV

Explanation
During the French Revolution, the religious leaders were the clergy. The clergy played a significant role in the French Revolution as they were part of the First Estate, which consisted of the clergy, and held considerable power and influence in society. They were responsible for the administration of the church, conducting religious ceremonies, and providing spiritual guidance to the people. However, during the revolution, the clergy's privileges and power were challenged, leading to significant changes in the role and influence of religious leaders in France.

Explanation
During the French Revolution, farmers were considered part of the common people. This is because the common people, also known as the Third Estate, included the majority of the population who were not part of the clergy or nobility. Farmers belonged to this class as they were not members of the clergy or aristocracy, but rather worked the land and were part of the working class.

Explanation
During the French Revolution, common people were the ones who paid all of the taxes. This was a time of great social and economic inequality, where the burden of taxation fell heavily on the lower classes while the clergy and nobles enjoyed exemptions and privileges. The common people, comprising the majority of the population, were burdened with heavy taxes that contributed to their dissatisfaction and ultimately fueled the revolution.

Explanation
During the French Revolution, the clergy and nobles did not pay any taxes. This was one of the major grievances of the common people, who bore the burden of the tax system. The clergy, as part of the First Estate, enjoyed exemptions due to their religious status, while the nobles, as part of the Second Estate, were also exempted from taxes. This unequal distribution of tax responsibilities contributed to the growing discontent and inequality in French society, ultimately fueling the revolution.

Explanation
During the French Revolution, the common people made up 80% of the population. This refers to the working class, peasants, and bourgeoisie who were not part of the clergy or nobility. The revolution was largely driven by the grievances and demands of this majority population, who were seeking political and social change. They faced economic hardships, inequality, and lack of representation, which fueled their desire for revolution and ultimately led to the overthrow of the monarchy.

Explanation
During the French Revolution, the clergy owned 10% of the land. This is because the Catholic Church was a powerful institution in France at the time and owned a significant amount of land. The clergy, which included bishops, priests, and other religious figures, held a privileged position in society and had considerable wealth and influence. However, their ownership of land became a target of the revolutionaries who sought to redistribute wealth and power, leading to the eventual confiscation of church lands.

Explanation
During the French Revolution, the nobles had all of the important jobs and controlled most of the money in the country. They were the aristocracy, comprising the highest social class, and held positions of power and influence in the government, military, and administration. They also owned vast amounts of land and wealth, further consolidating their control over the economy. This concentration of power and wealth in the hands of the nobles was one of the main factors that led to the discontent and eventual uprising of the common people during the revolution.

Explanation
During the French Revolution, the nobles made up 5% of the population. This refers to the aristocratic class, which held significant wealth, land, and power. The revolution aimed to overthrow the privileges and dominance of the nobility, as they were seen as the oppressors of the common people. The majority of the population consisted of common people, who were heavily burdened by taxes and social inequality. The revolution sought to redistribute power and create a more egalitarian society.

Explanation
In December 1792, King Louis XVI was put on trial for treason and ultimately hung. This event marked a significant moment in the French Revolution, as the monarchy was overthrown and the country transitioned into a republic. King Louis XVI's trial and execution symbolized the end of the absolute monarchy in France and the rise of revolutionary ideals.

Explanation
Robespierre was the leader of the Jacobins during the Reign of Terror. He was known for his radical beliefs and his role in the French Revolution. During this time, he advocated for the execution of many people, often by guillotine, as a means to eliminate counter-revolutionaries and maintain control. His leadership during this period was marked by extreme violence and the suppression of political opposition.

Explanation
Snowball can be compared to Trotsky because both characters in the novel Animal Farm are portrayed as intelligent and charismatic leaders who have a vision for a better society. Similarly, Trotsky was a key figure in the Russian Revolution and a prominent leader in the early days of the Soviet Union. He advocated for the spread of communism and was known for his intellectual prowess and oratory skills, just like Snowball is depicted in the book. Both Snowball and Trotsky faced opposition from their rivals (Napoleon and Stalin, respectively) and were eventually expelled from power.

Explanation
Stalin is the correct answer because like Napoleon in George Orwell's novel "Animal Farm," Stalin was a ruthless leader who consolidated power and established a totalitarian regime. Both Napoleon and Stalin manipulated and exploited the ideals of their respective revolutions (the Russian Revolution for Stalin) to gain and maintain control. They both used propaganda, violence, and repression to suppress dissent and solidify their authority. Additionally, both leaders were known for their cults of personality and their disregard for the well-being of their people.

Explanation
Old Major is the same as Karl Marx because both of them serve as the ideological figureheads for their respective revolutions. Old Major is the wise and respected boar who inspires the animals on the farm to rebel against their human oppressors, just as Karl Marx's ideas and theories inspired the Russian Revolution. Both Old Major and Marx advocate for the overthrow of the ruling class and the establishment of a socialist society. Therefore, the comparison between Old Major and Karl Marx is valid.

Explanation
The comparison to the Russian Revolution suggests that Mr. Jones, the character being referred to, can be compared to Czar Nicholas II. This comparison implies that Mr. Jones may share similar characteristics or actions with the last Russian emperor.

Explanation
The correct answer is KGB. The KGB is being compared to the dogs in the context of the Russian Revolution. Just like the dogs in the story, the KGB was a powerful and loyal force that helped maintain control and suppress dissent during the Soviet era. The KGB was known for its surveillance, intelligence gathering, and enforcement of the government's policies, similar to how the dogs in the story were used by Napoleon to intimidate and control the other animals on the farm.