Quiz 2 : Fluid Electrolyte Imbalance

25 Questions | By Bessebipaul | Last updated: Mar 22, 2022 | Total Attempts: 8561

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1.

Which of the following best describes an electrolyte?
- A.
  
  A substance that is responsible for controlling appetite and mood
- B.
  
  A mineral that has an electric charge, found dissolved in bodies of water
- C.
  
  A substance that regulates metabolism and affects protein synthesis.
- D.
  
  A hormone that is responsible for feelings of alertness throughout the day.
2.

What is the normal range for potassium?
- A.
  
  135 to 145 mEq/L
- B.
  
  3.5 to 5 mEq/L
- C.
  
  8.5 to 1O mEq/L
- D.
  
  1.5 to 3 mEq/L
3.

A patient presents with thirst, dry skin, and decreased urine output. What diagnosis would you suspect?
- A.
  
  Hypokalemia
- B.
  
  Hyponatremia
- C.
  
  Fluid volume excess
- D.
  
  Fluid volume deficit
4.

A patient presents with decreased deep tendon reflexes, muscle weakness, fatigue, altered level of conciousness, constipation and abdominal pain. What electrolyte imbalance is suspeced?
- A.
  
  Hypokalemia
- B.
  
  Hypocalcemia
- C.
  
  Hypercalcemia
- D.
  
  Hypernatremia
5.

Vomiting, Diarrhea, prolonged NG suction, diurectics, kidney disease, renal, liver, and heart failure, and SIADH are causes of which electrolyte deficiency?
- A.
  
  Hyponatremia
- B.
  
  Hypocalcemia
- C.
  
  Hyporkalemia
- D.
  
  Hypomagnesemia
6.

Which value falls within the normal range for sodium?
- A.
  
  160
- B.
  
  120
- C.
  
  148
- D.
  
  142
7.

Which electrolyte is the major intracellular ion?
- A.
  
  Calcium
- B.
  
  Magnesium
- C.
  
  Potassium
- D.
  
  Sodium
8.

IV Calcium Gluconate is used to treat which electrolyte deficiencies?
- A.
  
  Hyperkalemia, Hypermagnesemia, Hypocalcemia
- B.
  
  Hyperphosphatemia, Hypernatremia, Hypomagnesemia
- C.
  
  Hypomagnesemia, Hypocalcemia, Hypercalcemia
- D.
  
  Hypernatremia, Hyperphosphatemia, Hyperkalemia
9.

Renal failure and chronic overuse of laxatives and enemas are causes associated with which electrolyte imbalance?
- A.
  
  Hypomagnesemia
- B.
  
  Hypocalcemia
- C.
  
  Hypercalcemia
- D.
  
  Hypermagnesemia
10.

Which is the major extracellular ion?
- A.
  
  Potassium
- B.
  
  Sodium
- C.
  
  Magnesium
- D.
  
  Phosphate
11.

This is essential to form ATP
12.

When treating a patient with water retention, it is safer to administer sodium than restrict fluid intake
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
13.

Calcium has an inverse relationship with
14.

Hypomagnesemia is associated with hypokalemia and hypocalcemia
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
15.

The client is admitted with a serum sodium level of 110 mEq/L. Which nursing intervention should be implemented?
- A.
  
  Encourage fluids orally
- B.
  
  Administer diuretics
- C.
  
  Administer Anti Diuretic Hormone intranasally
- D.
  
  Place on seizure precautions
16.

The client post-thyroidectomy complains of numbness and tingling around the mouth and the tips of the fingers. Which intervention should be implemented first?
- A.
  
  Notify the health care provider immediately.
- B.
  
  Tap the cheek about two (2) centimeters anterior to the ear lobe.
- C.
  
  Check the serum calcium and magnesium levels.
- D.
  
  Prepare to administer calcium gluconate IVP.
17.

The client has been vomiting and has had numerous episodes of diarrhea. Which laboratory test should the nurse monitor?
- A.
  
  Serum calcium.
- B.
  
  Serum phosphorus.
- C.
  
  Serum potassium
- D.
  
  Serum sodium
18.

A nurse is assigned to care for a group of clients. On review of the clients' medical records, the nurse determines that which client is at risk for excess fluid volume?
- A.
  
  The client taking diuretics
- B.
  
  The client with renal failure
- C.
  
  The client with an ileostomy
- D.
  
  The client who requires gastrointestinal suctioning
19.

The nurse is caring for a client with congestive heart failure. On assessment, the nurse notes that the client is dyspneic and that crackles are audible on auscultation. The nurse suspects excess fluid volume. What additional signs would the nurse expect to note in this client if excess fluid volume is present?
- A.
  
  Weight loss
- B.
  
  Flat neck and hand veins
- C.
  
  An increase in blood pressure
- D.
  
  A decreased central venous pressure (CVP)
20.

A nurse is caring for a client with acute congestive heart failure who is receiving high doses of a diuretic. On assessment, the nurse notes that the client has flat neck veins, generalized muscle weakness, and diminished deep tendon reflexes. The nurse suspects hyponatremia. What additional signs would the nurse expect to note in this client if hyponatremia were present?
- A.
  
  Dry skin
- B.
  
  Decrease urine output
- C.
  
  Hyperactive bowel sounds
- D.
  
  Increased specific gravity of urine
21.

Causes of hypercalcemia are all except
- A.
  
  Hypothyroidism
- B.
  
  Malignancies
- C.
  
  Immobility
- D.
  
  Calcium carbonate antacids
22.

The process of movement of water from area of low solute concentration to area of higher solute concentration
- A.
  
  Active transport
- B.
  
  Osmosis
- C.
  
  Diffusion
- D.
  
  Filtration
23.

Causes of hypovolemia include (Mark all possible causes)
- A.
  
  Prolonged inadequate fluid intake
- B.
  
  Vomiting and diarrhoea
- C.
  
  Excessive fluid intake
- D.
  
  High sodium intake
- E.
  
  Sweating
- F.
  
  GI suctioning
24.

Symptoms of hypervolemia include all except
- A.
  
  Edema
- B.
  
  Crackles
- C.
  
  Shortness of breath and wheezing
- D.
  
  Possible bradycardia
25.

Bedridden patients are at risk for developing
- A.
  
  Hypocalcemia
- B.
  
  Hypernatremia
- C.
  
  Hypercalcemia
- D.
  
  Hypokalemia