Most states had approved at least some voting rights for women
States along the East Coast had granted full voting rights to women
Women could vote only in state elections
Complete national suffrage for women had been achieved
Dissatisfied workers who went on strike
Northerners who went South following the Civil War
Investigative journalists who exposed societal problems
Women who supported the Prohibition movement
Jacob Riis’s How the Other Half Lives
Lincoln Steffens’s The Shame of the Cities
Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle
Frank Norris’s The Octopus
Religion had no place in national politics
Congress should repeal Prohibition
Alcohol consumption was damaging to society
Only the government can solve social problems
Balance the federal budget by decreasing spending
Provide unemployment insurance to workers
Limit direct citizen control over government
Pass laws to help solve economic and social problems
Establish worker safety regulations in factories
Persuade businesses to accept nationalization
Assist businesses in resisting interference by investors
Use federal power to control monopolies
German violations of freedom of the seas
British disrespect for the Roosevelt corollary
Attacks by Mexicans on United States border towns
The refusal of the League of Nations to supply peacekeepers
Asking Congress for additional funding for the war effort
Suggesting a peace plan to prevent future wars
Proposing war crimes trials for leaders of enemy nations
Calling for military alliances against aggressor nations
Prohibiting the president from implementing a military draft
Preventing the wartime internment of citizens
Restricting the formation of defense alliances
Limiting freedom of speech during wartime
A declaration of war against Mexico
The entry of the United States into World War I
The passage of the Treaty of Versailles
A restriction on immigration from Latin America
Factory workers from the Northeast to the Sun Belt
Communists deported to Russia as undesirable aliens
African Americans to northern cities to find work
Refugees fleeing from eastern Europe to the United States
Offers of free public education
Availability of factory jobs
Desire to live in integrated neighborhoods
Opportunity to gain religious freedom
Government subsidies to increase crop production
Migrations from farms to cities
Poor farming methods and sustained drought
Reduced tariffs on farm machinery and crops
New England
Pacific Northwest
Southeast
Great Plains
Expand the Back to Africa movement
Fight discrimination through the judicial system
Promote the cultural identity of African Americans through the arts
Establish the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
President Herbert Hoover’s economic policies expanded job opportunities
The United States unemployment rate reached its highest level in 1938
President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal programs failed to address the unemployment crisis
World War II ended the high unemployment rates of the Great Depression.
Financing the construction of apartments in New York City
Gaining passage of civil rights legislation
Helping elect African Americans to high political offices
Promoting the artistic contributions of African Americans
“These times call for policies that will achieve three things: reform of capitalism, recovery of the economy, and improvement of policies that regulate the economy”
“It is time for a change, a change that will bring forth lots of money to turn the wheels of industry in America”
“What America needs is reform of American capitalism, a government that will recover the economy, and programs that provide relief for the needy”
“Capital and labor go hand in hand”
introduction of supply-side economics
Return of laissez-faire economic principles
Economic weaknesses that helped bring about the Great Depression
Decision to lower tariff rates
Social Security Administration
Works Progress Administration
Agricultural Adjustment Administration
Securities and Exchange Commission
Wanted to rely on private charities to provide assistance
Stressed the need for individual self-reliance
Supported direct relief to people out of work
Thought the government should not be involved in economic reform
State and federal laws passed to end racial discrimination
Urban renewal efforts in New York City
Government programs to promote African American businesses
A period of African American cultural achievements
Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)
Social Security Administration (SSA)
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
fund retirement pensions
Promote economic stability
Break up business monopolies
Create public jobs
Reduction of the national debt
Control of stock prices by the federal government
Joint effort of businesses and labor to strengthen the presidency
Assumption by the federal government of greater responsibility for the nation’s well-being