Chapter 5 Bio Quiz
Chapter 5 Bio Quiz assesses knowledge on biological macromolecules and their reactions. It covers topics like lipid classification, polymer hydrolysis, and the structure of sugars and disaccharides, crucial for students in advanced biology courses.
- 1.
All of the following are considered macromolecules except:
- A.
Carbohydrates
- B.
Protiens
- C.
Lipids
- D.
Nucliec Acids
Correct Answer
C. LipidsExplanation
Lipids are not big enough to be considered as macromoleculesRate this question:
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- 2.
How many H atoms does it take to hydrolyze a polymer consisting of 5 monomers?
- A.
10
- B.
8
- C.
5
- D.
4
Correct Answer
B. 8Explanation
We need one water molecule to break each bond in the polymer
we have 4 bonds connecting the 5 polymers (draw and check!)
and each water molecule has 2 H atoms
so the total number of H atoms will be 4 × 2 = 8Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which of the following is correct regarding dehydration and hydrolysis reactions?
- A.
Dehydration reactions involve removing water and breaking polymers
- B.
Hydrolysis reactions involve adding water and adding monomers
- C.
Both reactions involve the release of energy
- D.
Dehydration reactions involve the addition of energy and the removal of water
Correct Answer
D. Dehydration reactions involve the addition of energy and the removal of waterExplanation
Dehydration reactions involve removing water and adding monomers and adding energy
while hydrolysis reaction involve the addition of water and breaking polymers and the release of energyRate this question:
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- 4.
Which statement best describes the figure below?
- A.
It is a pentose ketose.
- B.
It is a pentose aldose.
- C.
It is a hexose ketose.
- D.
It is a hexose aldose.
Correct Answer
A. It is a pentose ketose.Explanation
At first, we must know that this is a monosaccharaide
by counting the carbon atoms, this is a pentose
and by looking at the carbonyl group, this is a ketoseRate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following is a disaccharide?
- A.
Glucose
- B.
Fructose
- C.
Maltose
- D.
Dihydroxyacetone
Correct Answer
C. MaltoseExplanation
All of the choices are monosaccharaides except maltoseRate this question:
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- 6.
Sucrose is composed of:
- A.
Glucose + Glucose
- B.
Glucose + Fructose
- C.
Fructose + Fructose
- D.
Glucose + Galactose
Correct Answer
B. Glucose + FructoseExplanation
Sucrose is composed of glucose and fructose. This is because sucrose is a disaccharide, meaning it is made up of two monosaccharide units. In the case of sucrose, one molecule of glucose is bonded to one molecule of fructose through a glycosidic linkage. This combination of glucose and fructose gives sucrose its characteristic sweet taste and makes it a common table sugar used in many foods and beverages.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Lactose intolerance is due to:
- A.
Decrease in lactase enzyme
- B.
Decrease in lactose
- C.
Increase in lactase enzyme
- D.
Increase in lactose
Correct Answer
A. Decrease in lactase enzymeExplanation
Lactose intolerance is due to the decrease in lactase enzyme which breaks down lactoseRate this question:
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- 8.
The most common monosaccharaide is:
- A.
Ribose
- B.
Riboluse
- C.
Glucose
- D.
Galactose
Correct Answer
C. GlucoseExplanation
Glucose is the correct answer because it is the most common monosaccharide found in nature. It is a simple sugar that is essential for energy production in living organisms. Glucose is the primary source of energy for the body and is used by cells as fuel. It is also a building block for larger carbohydrates such as starch and cellulose.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The link between the monomers of a disaccharaide is called:
- A.
Peptide bond
- B.
Glycosidic linkage
- C.
Covalent bond
- D.
B + C
Correct Answer
D. B + CExplanation
A glycosidic linkage is conidered a covalent bond
The peptide bond links monomers of a proteinRate this question:
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- 10.
Which one of the following is incorrect about sucrose?
- A.
Sucrose is the most common disaccharide.
- B.
Sucrose consists of glucose and galactose.
- C.
Sucrose is commonly called table sugar.
- D.
The 2 monomers of sucrose are joined together by a glycosidic linkage.
Correct Answer
B. Sucrose consists of glucose and galactose.Explanation
Sucrose consists of glucose and fructoseRate this question:
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- 11.
Which one of the following is a structural polysaccharaide that surrounds the soft parts of some arthropods?
- A.
Chitin
- B.
Glycogen
- C.
Cellulose
- D.
Starch
Correct Answer
A. ChitinExplanation
Structural polysaccharaides are chitin and cellulose
Only chitin is associated with arthropodsRate this question:
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- 12.
X and Y are polysaccharaides. Both of them are made of branched chains composed of alpha glucose monomers linked by 1-4 glycosidic linkages. X is usually found in plants while Y is usually found in animals. What are X and Y respectively?
- A.
Amylose - Glycogen
- B.
Amylose - Cellulose
- C.
Amelopectin - Glycogen
- D.
Amylopectin - Chitin
Correct Answer
C. Amelopectin - GlycogenExplanation
Polysaccharaide include amylose, amylopectin, glycogen, and chitin
branched polysaccharaides include amylopectin and glycogen
amylopectin is found in plants while glycogen is found in animalsRate this question:
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- 13.
Why can't humans digest cellulose?
- A.
Cellulose has s branched and complex structure.
- B.
Cellulose molecules are aligned in a straight way making it very long.
- C.
Chains of cellulose are linked by hydrogen bonds.
- D.
Cellulose monomers are linked by beta linkages.
Correct Answer
D. Cellulose monomers are linked by beta linkages.Explanation
Humans lack the enzymes that break down beta linkages, thus they are unable to digest cellulose.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Lipids include:
- A.
Fat
- B.
Phospholipids
- C.
Steroids
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
Lipids are a diverse group of molecules that include fats, phospholipids, and steroids. Fats are a type of lipid that are composed of fatty acids and glycerol, and they play important roles in energy storage and insulation. Phospholipids are a type of lipid that make up the cell membrane and help regulate the movement of substances in and out of cells. Steroids are another type of lipid that have various functions in the body, including acting as hormones and regulating metabolism. Therefore, all of these substances are included in the category of lipids.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Fat is composed of:
- A.
3 glycerol + 1 fatty acid
- B.
3 fatty acid + 1 glycerol
- C.
3 triglyceride + 1 fatty acid
- D.
3 fatty acid + 1 triglyceride
Correct Answer
B. 3 fatty acid + 1 glycerolExplanation
Fat is composed of 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol. Glycerol is a type of alcohol that combines with fatty acids to form triglycerides, which are the main components of fat. The three fatty acids attach to the three hydroxyl groups of the glycerol molecule, forming ester bonds. This structure allows fats to store energy efficiently and provides insulation and protection to organs.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the following is correct about fat?
- A.
Saturated fatty acids are liquid at room temperature.
- B.
Saturated fatty acids have cis double bonds between the carbons.
- C.
An example about unsaturated fat is cod liver oil.
- D.
Unsaturated fatty acids have no double bonds between the carbons.
Correct Answer
C. An example about unsaturated fat is cod liver oil.Explanation
The given statement "An example about unsaturated fat is cod liver oil" is correct because cod liver oil is a rich source of unsaturated fats, specifically omega-3 fatty acids. Unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds between the carbons in their fatty acid chains, which makes them liquid at room temperature. Cod liver oil is known for its high content of omega-3 fatty acids, which are considered beneficial for heart health and have anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, this statement accurately describes an example of unsaturated fat.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which of the following is incorrect about cholesterol?
- A.
Cholesterol can only be obtained from diet.
- B.
Cholesterol may lead to atherosclerosis.
- C.
Cholesterol is a steroid.
- D.
Cholesterol is one of the components of a cell wall.
Correct Answer
A. Cholesterol can only be obtained from diet.Explanation
Cholesterol can be also synthesized in the liver.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which of the following is not cosidered as a function of protiens?
- A.
Speeding up chemical reactions
- B.
Aiding in cellular communications
- C.
Providing structural support
- D.
Providing energy
Correct Answer
D. Providing energyExplanation
Proteins are not considered as a function of providing energy. While proteins play a crucial role in many biological processes, such as speeding up chemical reactions, aiding in cellular communications, and providing structural support, they are not primarily responsible for providing energy. Carbohydrates and fats are the main sources of energy in the body, as they can be broken down and converted into ATP, the molecule that cells use for energy.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which of the following is a storage protien?
- A.
Insulin
- B.
Casein
- C.
Keratin
- D.
Actin
Correct Answer
B. CaseinExplanation
Insulin is a hormonal protein
casien is a storage protein
keratin is a structural protein
actin is a motor protienRate this question:
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- 20.
The repeating sequence in a polypeptide is called:
- A.
Polypeptide polymer
- B.
Polymer backbone
- C.
Polypeptide backbone
- D.
Non of the above
Correct Answer
C. Polypeptide backboneExplanation
The repeating sequence in a polypeptide is called the polypeptide backbone. This refers to the linear chain of amino acids that make up the polypeptide, connected by peptide bonds. The polypeptide backbone provides structural stability to the molecule and determines its overall shape and function.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which statement best describes an amino acid that has a positively charged R-group?
- A.
It is polar
- B.
It is acidic
- C.
It is basic
- D.
A + B
- E.
A + C
Correct Answer
E. A + CExplanation
An amino acid with a positively charged R-group is both polar and basic. The presence of a positive charge indicates that the R-group is able to accept protons, making it basic. Additionally, the presence of a charged group makes the amino acid polar, as it can interact with other polar molecules through electrostatic interactions. Therefore, both statements A (It is polar) and C (It is basic) accurately describe an amino acid with a positively charged R-group.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which level of protien structure results from hydrogen bonds between the parts of the polypeptide backbone?
- A.
Primary structure
- B.
Secondary structure
- C.
Tertiary structure
- D.
Quaternary structure
Correct Answer
B. Secondary structureExplanation
Secondary structure refers to the folding or coiling of the polypeptide chain due to hydrogen bonding between the amino acids in the backbone. This bonding occurs between the carbonyl oxygen of one amino acid and the hydrogen of the amino group of another amino acid. The two most common types of secondary structure are the alpha helix and the beta sheet. These hydrogen bonds stabilize the structure of the protein and contribute to its overall shape and function.Rate this question:
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- 23.
The core of transthyratin protien consists of:
- A.
Alpha helix
- B.
Beta pleated sheets
- C.
Tertiary structure
- D.
Quaternary structure
Correct Answer
B. Beta pleated sheetsExplanation
The correct answer is beta pleated sheets. The core of transthyratin protein consists of beta pleated sheets. Beta pleated sheets are formed when adjacent segments of a polypeptide chain align and form hydrogen bonds between the backbone atoms. This arrangement creates a stable and rigid structure. In the case of transthyratin protein, the beta pleated sheets play a crucial role in maintaining the protein's overall shape and stability.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Which of the following best describes the quaternary level of protein structure?
- A.
All proteins consist of quaternary structure.
- B.
Quaternary structures result from the interactions between one or more side chains.
- C.
Quaternary structures result from the interaction between one or more polypeptide chain.
- D.
For a protein to be functional, it has to be in quaternary structure.
Correct Answer
C. Quaternary structures result from the interaction between one or more polypeptide chain.Explanation
The quaternary level of protein structure refers to the interaction between two or more polypeptide chains. This level of structure is characterized by the assembly of multiple subunits to form a functional protein. Each subunit can be identical or different, and the interactions between the polypeptide chains stabilize the overall structure of the protein. This level of structure is essential for the protein to perform its biological function.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Which of the following best describes sickle cell disease?
- A.
It is an aquired disease that results from a change in the primary structure of hemoglobin.
- B.
It is a result from a change in the primary structure of hemoglobin arising from the substitution of glutamic acid for valine.
- C.
It is a result of a defect in the beta subunit of hemoglobin, but it does not affect the shape of RBCs.
- D.
It is a result of hemoglobin aggregation into chains deforming RBCs into sickle structure.
Correct Answer
D. It is a result of hemoglobin aggregation into chains deforming RBCs into sickle structure.Explanation
Sickle cell disease is caused by the aggregation of hemoglobin into chains, leading to the deformation of red blood cells into a sickle shape. This is a result of a genetic defect in the beta subunit of hemoglobin. The substitution of glutamic acid for valine in the primary structure of hemoglobin is responsible for this abnormal aggregation and shape change. This genetic mutation affects the shape, function, and lifespan of red blood cells, leading to various complications and symptoms associated with sickle cell disease.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Which of the following is most likely to happen in a denatured protein?
- A.
It will be misfolded.
- B.
It will be inactivated.
- C.
It will lose its primary structure.
- D.
Its' peptide bonds will be broken.
Correct Answer
B. It will be inactivated.Explanation
In denatured proteins, the normal structure and function of the protein are disrupted. This can occur due to various factors such as heat, pH changes, or exposure to certain chemicals. When a protein is denatured, its three-dimensional structure is altered, leading to the loss of its active conformation. As a result, the protein is unable to perform its intended biological function, rendering it inactive.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Which of the following diseases is a result of the accumlation of the misfolded transthyratin protein?
- A.
Senile dementia
- B.
Cystic fibrosis
- C.
Alzheimer's disease
- D.
Parkinson's disease
Correct Answer
A. Senile dementiaExplanation
Senile dementia is a result of the accumulation of the misfolded transthyratin protein. This protein buildup leads to the formation of amyloid plaques in the brain, which disrupt normal brain function and cause memory loss, cognitive decline, and other symptoms associated with senile dementia.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Which of the following proteins is associated with gene expression, and its' 3-D structure was determined using X-ray crystallography method?
- A.
Hemoglobin
- B.
Myoglobin
- C.
RNA polymerase
- D.
Transthyratin
Correct Answer
C. RNA polymeraseExplanation
RNA polymerase is the correct answer because it is a protein that plays a crucial role in gene expression by transcribing DNA into RNA. The 3-D structure of RNA polymerase was determined using X-ray crystallography, a method commonly used to determine the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal. This technique involves shining X-rays onto a crystal and analyzing the resulting diffraction pattern to determine the arrangement of atoms within the crystal. Therefore, RNA polymerase is associated with gene expression, and its 3-D structure was determined using X-ray crystallography.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Which of the following is incorrect about genes?
- A.
They are discrete units of inheritance.
- B.
They consist of DNA.
- C.
They determine the primary structure of polypeptides.
- D.
Non of the above.
Correct Answer
D. Non of the above.Explanation
The given answer states that none of the options provided are incorrect about genes. This means that all three statements mentioned in the options are correct. Genes are indeed discrete units of inheritance, they consist of DNA, and they play a role in determining the primary structure of polypeptides. Therefore, the correct answer is "Non of the above."Rate this question:
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- 30.
Which of the following is a component of a nucliec acid?
- A.
Nitrogenous base
- B.
Pentose sugar
- C.
Phosphate groups
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
All of the options listed (nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, and phosphate groups) are components of a nucleic acid. Nucleic acids are made up of nucleotide monomers, which consist of these three components. The nitrogenous base provides the genetic information, the pentose sugar (such as ribose or deoxyribose) forms the backbone of the nucleic acid, and the phosphate groups link the nucleotides together. Therefore, all of these components are necessary for the structure and function of nucleic acids.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Which of the following is correct?
- A.
A nucleotide is a nucleoside that lacks a phosphate group.
- B.
A nucleoside is a nucleotide that lacks a phosphate group.
- C.
A nucleotide is the same as a nucleoside.
- D.
A nucleoside is a nucleotide linked to a phosphate group.
Correct Answer
B. A nucleoside is a nucleotide that lacks a phosphate group.Explanation
A nucleoside is a nucleotide that lacks a phosphate group. This means that a nucleoside is composed of a nitrogenous base and a sugar molecule, but it does not have a phosphate group attached. On the other hand, a nucleotide is a nucleoside that has a phosphate group attached to it. Therefore, the correct statement is that a nucleoside is a nucleotide that lacks a phosphate group.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Consider the following figure that resembles a sugar phosohate backbone of a nucleotide. What is the arrow pointing to?
- A.
Phosphodiester linkage
- B.
Phosphester linkage
- C.
Glycosidic linkage
- D.
Peptide bond
Correct Answer
A. Phosphodiester linkageExplanation
The arrow in the figure is pointing to a phosphodiester linkage. A phosphodiester linkage is a covalent bond that connects the sugar and phosphate groups in the backbone of a nucleotide. It is formed through a condensation reaction, where a phosphate group from one nucleotide reacts with the hydroxyl group of the sugar in another nucleotide. This linkage is essential for the formation of the DNA and RNA strands, as it creates a continuous chain of nucleotides.Rate this question:
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- 33.
The following DNA bases were copied to an mRNA ATCCGATTG What is the corresponding sequence of bases in the mRNA?
- A.
ATCCGATTG
- B.
TAGGCTAAC
- C.
UAGGCUAAG
- D.
TUGGCTUUC
Correct Answer
C. UAGGCUAAGExplanation
The given DNA sequence ATCCGATTG is being transcribed into mRNA. In RNA, the base thymine (T) is replaced by uracil (U). Therefore, the corresponding sequence of bases in the mRNA is UAGGCUAAG.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Which of the following best describes proteomics?
- A.
An approach that analyzes genes or whole sets of genome.
- B.
An approach that analyzes large sets of protiens.
- C.
An approach that uses computational tools to analyze large data sets.
- D.
Non of the above
Correct Answer
B. An approach that analyzes large sets of protiens.Explanation
Proteomics is a field of study that focuses on analyzing large sets of proteins. It involves the identification, characterization, and quantification of proteins in a biological sample. This approach helps in understanding the structure, function, and interactions of proteins within a biological system. By studying proteomics, researchers can gain insights into various biological processes, diseases, and potential therapeutic targets. Therefore, the answer "An approach that analyzes large sets of proteins" accurately describes proteomics.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Which of the following is incorrect about nucliec acids structure?
- A.
The sugar phosphate backbone is in the inside of the structure.
- B.
It forms a double helix.
- C.
It follows ana antiparallel arrangement.
- D.
The nitrogenous bases are toward the interior of the structure.
Correct Answer
A. The sugar phosphate backbone is in the inside of the structure.Explanation
The sugar phosphate backbone is actually on the outside of the structure of nucleic acids, not on the inside. The backbone is formed by a repeating pattern of sugar molecules and phosphate groups, which are connected by phosphodiester bonds. The nitrogenous bases, on the other hand, are attached to the sugar molecules and extend towards the interior of the structure. This arrangement allows for the formation of hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases, which contributes to the stability of the double helix structure.Rate this question:
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Jan 23, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Oct 11, 2019Quiz Created by
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