Explore the roles of insulin and glucagon in this Biochemistry Trivia Quiz! Focused on their production and function within the pancreas, this quiz enhances understanding of key hormonal processes essential for glucose regulation, vital for students and professionals in medical and health sciences.
Pancreatic Alpha cell
Pancreatic Beta cell
Parietal cells
Mucous cells
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True
False
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True
False
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Secreted by acinar cells into the pancreatic duct
Secreted by Beta cells of the Islets of Langerhan into the pancreatic duct
Secreted by Islets of Langerhan cells into blood vessels
Secreted by Alpha cells of the Islets of Langerhan into blood vessels
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A. Stimulation of protein synthesis
B. Stimulation of lipoproteins uptake
C. Stimulation of fatty acid and trygliceride synthesis
D. Inhibition of protein degradation.
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Brain
Kidneys
Intestine
Liver
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Scarcity of food
Glucose in blood
Amino acids in blood
Glucokinase in beta cells
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Glucose consumption (Glycolysis and Glycogen synthesis), Fatty Acid and TAG synthesis
Glucose release and Fatty acid synthesis
Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis
TAG and Fatty acid degradation
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To store escess fatty acids coming from circulating TAGs and Chylomicrons into adipocytes in the form of TAGs
Degrade proteins
Degrade TAGs to fatty acid by hormone - sensitive lipase
Distribute nutrients
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Pancreatic Alpha cells
Pancreatic Beta cells
Hepatic Acrine cells
Insulin-dependent cells
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A. Blood Glucose is > 120 mg/dl
B. Blood Glucose between 70 - 100 mg/dl
C. Increase the release of Glucagon and Epinephrine
D. Increase the release of Insulin
E. Blood Glucose is > 5 mM
F. Free Fatty acids in the blood are < 1 mM
G. Blood Glucose is < 55 mg/dl
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2 - 4 hours after a meal
5 - 8 hours after a meal
3 - 6 minutes after a meal
4 - 10 seconds after a meal
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True
False
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Preproinsulin is processed to pronsulin and then to insulin that is secreted
Proinsulin is processed to insulin and then preproinsulin
Preproinsulin is degraded into insulin and then secreted
Preproinsulin is processed by proinsulin and then by insulin to be secreted
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True
False
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Only glucose can penetrate the blood-brain barrier
Only Amino acids can penetrate the blood-brain barrier
Only TAGs can penetrate the blood-brain barrier
Only Fatty acids can penetrate the blood-brain barrier
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Brain
Adipose
Liver
Kidney
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A. Stimulates Hormone Sensitive Lipase
B. Stimulates Glycogen phosphorylase
C. Stimulates Tyrosine Kinase
D. Stimulates Protein Kinase A
E. Increases the release of Glucose from the liver
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Insulin and glucagon are secreted by the exocrine portion of the pancreas.
The endocrine pancreas consists of groups of cells known as islets of Langehans whch are embeded in the exocrine portion of the gland.
The exocrine portion consists of islets of langerhan cells that release hormones such as somatostatin into the pancreatic duct.
Delta cells of the islets of Langerhans secrete glucagon into blood vessels.
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A. Decrease in Glucose uptake by the muscles
B. Decrease TAG synthesis in the liver.
C. Increase amino acid uptake by the skeletal muscles.
D. Decrease in the activity of Lipoprotein lipase
E. Increase in the activity of Hormone Sensitive Lipase.
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C-Peptide is cleaved leaving ONLY the A & B disulfide bond linked insulin
The A and B domains are inverted and joined to the C-Peptide via H-bonds
The C-Peptide is rejoined to form proinsulin from insulin
Preproinsulin is cleaved to form insulin with no intermediate form
Liver
Brain
Muscle
Adipose tissue
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True
False
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A
B
C
D
A. Insulin binding
B. High ADP inside the Beta cells
C. Low blood Glucose level
D. Active Glucokinase inside the Beta cells
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True
False
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A, B, C, D, E, F, G
G, F, E, D, C, B, A
A, F, D, B, G, C, E
B, A, D, C, E, F, G
True
False
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(A) After the release of epinephrine
(B) In an individual who had just finished running a marathon
(C) In a patient exhibiting diabetic ketoacidosis
(D) After the consumption of a large bowl of ice cream
(E) In a patient with kwashiorkor
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Letter A shows the lipid droplet
The image shows liver tissues
Letter B shows the nucleus
Letter C shows a giant lipid droplet flattens the nucleus and cytoplasm at one end of the cell.
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Lipolysis
Glucose uptake
Lipoproteins uptake in Adipose tissue
Protein degradation
Cellular respiration
Glycogenolysis
Protein synthesis
Protein synthesis
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I, III & IV only
I, II & III only
II, III & IV only
I, II & IV only
I, II, III & IV
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A. Liver
B. Adipose
C. Pancreas
D. Muscle
E. Brain
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Increased glucose uptake
Increaased glycogen synthesis
Decreased glycogenesis
Decreased Lypolysis
Increased fat synthesis
Increased protein synthesis
Decreased Glycogenolysis
Decreased Gluconeogenesis
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A. Glycogen degradation is inhibited in the Liver
B. Gluconeogenesis is inhibited in the liver
C. Glycolysis is initiated in the Liver
D. Protein phosphatase is active
E. Muscles will release Glucose to the blood
F. Glycogenolysis activated in the Muscles
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3.1
2.3
1.3
3.2
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By increasing dephosphorylation of glucose by glucokinase
By increasing phosphorylation of glucose by glucokinase which has a high Km for glucose
By increasing phosporylation of Glucose 6-P by glucokinase which has a low Km for glucose
By dephosphorylating Glucose 6-P
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ALT > AST
AST > ALT
AST = ALT
AST/ALT=1.3
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ALT > AST
AST > ALT
AST = ALT
AST/ALT = 1.3
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Secretion from intestine following food intake
Epinephrine releases during stress, infection or fever
Amino acids in blood (esp. arginine)
Glucose in blood
Scarcity of food
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A. Absorption of nutrients from the grastrointestinal tract increases
B. Translocation of Glut 4 transporters to cell surface
C. Glucagon secretion increases
D. Anabolic enzymes are active
E. Amino Acids uptake by the Muscles increases
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Alpha subunit
IRS
Adaptors
Enzyme effectors
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A. Stimulates phosphofructokinase 1 and increases glycolysis
B. inhibits fructose 1,6- bisphosphatase thus increasing gluconeogenesis
C. inhibits fructose 1,6- bisphosphatase thus inhibiting glycolysis
D. Stimulates phosphofructokinase 1 thus inhibiting Lipolysis
E. Stimulates phosphofructokinase 1 thus inhibiting gluconeogenesis
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A. 1,2,3,4
B. 2,4,3,1
C. 4,1,2,3
D. 1,4,2,3
(A) Citrate
(B) ATP
(C) Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate
(D) Glucose 6-phosphate
(E) Acetyl CoA
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Glycogen synthase
Phosphofructokinase-2
Fructose bisphosphate phosphatase- 2
Glycogen phosphorylase kinase
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Pyruvate kinase
Hormone- sensitive lipase
Glycogen phosphorylase kinase
Glycogen synthase
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A. Active Glucokinase in the beta cell of the pancreas
B. High level of Arginine in the blood.
C. High blood glucose level.
D. Secretin secretion from the small intestine.
E. Ca2+ ions pumped into the β cell of the pancrease.
F. High ADP inside the β cell of the pancreas.
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