Chapter 19: Screening And Referral
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- 1.
Why is health screening considered a secondary level of prevention?
- A.
It distinguishes between populations at high risk for disease from those at low risk for disease.
- B.
It identifies patients who may need intervention.
- C.
It diagnoses many easily treated diseases.
- D.
It promotes health and well-being.
Correct Answer
B. It identifies patients who may need intervention.Explanation
Health screening is considered a secondary level of prevention because it identifies patients who may need intervention. This means that through screening, individuals who are at risk for certain diseases or conditions can be identified early on, allowing for timely interventions to prevent or manage the progression of the disease. By identifying patients who may need intervention, health screening plays a crucial role in preventing the development of more serious health issues and promoting overall well-being.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Why are results of screening tests referred to as presumptive?
- A.
If the test result is positive, it may be assumed that the disease is present.
- B.
The test results lead to recognition of symptoms.
- C.
The tests detect previously unrecognized signs and symptoms.
- D.
Because screening test results have less than 100% accuracy, referral for further tests is necessary.
Correct Answer
D. Because screening test results have less than 100% accuracy, referral for further tests is necessary.Explanation
Screening tests are referred to as presumptive because they are not definitive in diagnosing a disease. These tests have less than 100% accuracy, meaning there is a possibility of false-positive or false-negative results. Therefore, if the test result is positive, it cannot be assumed with certainty that the disease is present. Referral for further tests is necessary to confirm the diagnosis and rule out any potential errors or uncertainties in the screening test results.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Any screening test must absolutely be
- A.
Accurate in its conclusion.
- B.
Capable of being administered in a quiet area.
- C.
Equally effective with both children and adults.
- D.
Inexpensive and easy to perform.
Correct Answer
D. Inexpensive and easy to perform.Explanation
The given answer, "Inexpensive and easy to perform," is the most appropriate choice because it addresses the criteria for a screening test. The test should be affordable and not require excessive resources or equipment, making it accessible to a larger population. Additionally, it should be easy to perform, ensuring that it can be administered quickly and efficiently. While accuracy, administration in a quiet area, and effectiveness with different age groups are important considerations, they are not explicitly mentioned as requirements for a screening test in the given question.Rate this question:
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- 4.
A community/public health nurse was planning a prostate cancer screening in cooperation with the local community hospital. Whom should the nurse be sure to invite?
- A.
Men older than 50 years in the community
- B.
Anyone who had ever been involved with the local community hospital
- C.
Anyone who has a family history of cancer
- D.
Community members from infants to senior citizens
Correct Answer
A. Men older than 50 years in the communityExplanation
The nurse should be sure to invite men older than 50 years in the community because prostate cancer screening is typically recommended for men in this age group. Prostate cancer is more common in older men, and early detection through screening can lead to better outcomes. Therefore, inviting men older than 50 years in the community would be the most appropriate and relevant group to target for the screening event.Rate this question:
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- 5.
A community/public health nurse had a referral to visit a grandmother in her apartment to follow up on blood pressure readings because she was on a new medication. While in the apartment, the nurse took the blood pressure readings of all the adults and children there. What is the nurse attempting to do?
- A.
Perform a case finding.
- B.
Follow the American Heart Association guidelines.
- C.
Give care to all members of the family, regardless of reimbursement.
- D.
Involve the family in the care.
Correct Answer
A. Perform a case finding.Explanation
The nurse is attempting to perform a case finding by taking the blood pressure readings of all the adults and children in the apartment. Case finding involves identifying individuals who may have a particular health condition or risk factor, in this case, high blood pressure. By assessing the blood pressure of all family members, the nurse can identify any potential cases and provide appropriate care or referral for further evaluation or treatment. This approach allows for early detection and intervention, promoting better health outcomes for the family.Rate this question:
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- 6.
A community/public health nurse was responsible for setting up a health fair in a very heavily attended inner-city church, with several screenings being given simultaneously. Within the public health agency, what would the nurse call the health fair?
- A.
Case finding
- B.
Community service
- C.
Multiphasic screening
- D.
Unreimbursed care
Correct Answer
C. MultipHasic screeningExplanation
The nurse would call the health fair a "Multiphasic screening" because it involves several screenings being given simultaneously. Multiphasic screening refers to a comprehensive health screening that includes various tests and assessments to identify potential health issues in a population. This term accurately describes the nature of the health fair in the inner-city church, where multiple screenings are being offered to a large number of attendees.Rate this question:
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- 7.
A local community hospital offers weekly hypertension screenings at the community center. A community/public health nurse was asked by a community member about when the health department would be offering a hypertension screening at the center. Which of the following would be the best response from the community/public health nurse?
- A.
When the public health department receives additional grant funding.
- B.
When the residents of the neighborhood request free screenings.
- C.
When the community/public health nurse has extra time.
- D.
When the community hospital stops offering screenings.
Correct Answer
D. When the community hospital stops offering screenings.Explanation
The best response from the community/public health nurse would be to inform the community member that the health department would offer hypertension screenings at the community center when the community hospital stops offering them. This response indicates that the screenings are currently being provided by the hospital and suggests that the health department will step in once the hospital ceases to offer the service.Rate this question:
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- 8.
As nursing students were setting up a health screening at a local community center, they reviewed the need to screen for heart disease and cancer. One student asked, But colon cancer is prevalent; why arent we setting up for sigmoidoscopy? How would the instructor reply?
- A.
A sigmoidoscopy is expensive to perform and invasive.
- B.
Can you find adequate privacy for a sigmoidoscopy?
- C.
What a great idea. Would you like to help arrange it?
- D.
Would you like to administer that test for the screening?
Correct Answer
A. A sigmoidoscopy is expensive to perform and invasive.Explanation
The instructor would reply by stating that a sigmoidoscopy is expensive to perform and invasive. This suggests that the cost and invasiveness of the procedure may be prohibitive factors in setting up a sigmoidoscopy for the health screening.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Would you like to administer that test for the screening?
- A.
Sensitivity.
- B.
Validity
- C.
Reliability.
- D.
Specificity.
Correct Answer
B. ValidityExplanation
Validity refers to the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure. In this context, the question is asking about administering a test for screening purposes. The validity of the test would determine whether it accurately identifies individuals who possess the desired qualities or characteristics being screened for. Therefore, the answer "Validity" is appropriate as it relates directly to the accuracy and effectiveness of the test in achieving its intended purpose.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Sensitivity is the ability of a screening test to accurately identify what aspect of the screening?
- A.
Persons who do not have the disease
- B.
Persons who have the disease
- C.
Persons with symptoms of the disease
- D.
Persons who now have a diagnosis of the disease
Correct Answer
B. Persons who have the diseaseExplanation
Sensitivity is the ability of a screening test to accurately identify persons who have the disease. It measures the proportion of individuals with the disease who are correctly identified as positive by the test. A high sensitivity indicates that the test has a low rate of false negatives, meaning it correctly detects most individuals who have the disease. Therefore, sensitivity is crucial in identifying individuals who need further diagnostic testing or treatment for the disease.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Specificity is the ability of a screening test to accurately identify what aspect of the screening?
- A.
Persons who do not have the disease
- B.
Persons who have the disease
- C.
Persons who need follow-up in relation to the disease
- D.
Persons who were unaware that they had the disease
Correct Answer
A. Persons who do not have the diseaseExplanation
Specificity is the ability of a screening test to accurately identify persons who do not have the disease. In other words, a screening test with high specificity will correctly identify individuals who are disease-free and exclude them from further follow-up or unnecessary interventions. This is important to minimize false-positive results and ensure that only individuals who truly have the disease receive further diagnostic tests or treatments.Rate this question:
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- 12.
What is the relationship between sensitivity and specificity?
- A.
The higher the sensitivity, the higher the specificity.
- B.
The higher the sensitivity, the lower the specificity.
- C.
The higher the specificity, the higher the sensitivity.
- D.
The more sensitive a test is, the more specific it becomes.
Correct Answer
B. The higher the sensitivity, the lower the specificity.Explanation
The relationship between sensitivity and specificity is inverse. Sensitivity refers to the ability of a test to correctly identify individuals with a particular condition, while specificity refers to the ability of a test to correctly identify individuals without the condition. When sensitivity increases, it means that the test is better at correctly identifying true positives, but this may also lead to an increase in false positives, which lowers the specificity. Therefore, as sensitivity increases, specificity tends to decrease.Rate this question:
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- 13.
A client received positive results on a screening test. What does this result mean for the client?
- A.
The client does not have the disease.
- B.
The client has the disease and needs immediate treatment.
- C.
The client has a laboratory finding confirming disease.
- D.
The client will need further testing and follow-up.
Correct Answer
D. The client will need further testing and follow-up.Explanation
The positive results on a screening test indicate that there is a possibility of the client having the disease. However, further testing and follow-up are required to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of treatment.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Some nursing students were taking blood pressure measurements at one spot in the large room where many of the health screening stations were set up. A student pulled aside her instructor and said, This mans blood pressure is 220/160. Whom should I call to get him to treatment immediately? What should be the instructors first action?
- A.
Ask the gentleman if he has health insurance.
- B.
Call a local ambulance.
- C.
Follow up with previously determined emergency plans.
- D.
Check the reliability of the findings.
Correct Answer
D. Check the reliability of the findings.Explanation
The instructor's first action should be to check the reliability of the blood pressure findings. It is important to ensure that the measurement was taken correctly and accurately before taking any further action. This can be done by rechecking the blood pressure using proper technique and equipment or by consulting with another healthcare professional to confirm the readings. It is essential to rule out any errors or inaccuracies in the measurement before making any decisions regarding treatment or calling for emergency assistance.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the following is known to be the leading cause of preventable death in the United States?
- A.
Obesity
- B.
Smoking
- C.
Sun exposure
- D.
Second-hand smoke
Correct Answer
B. SmokingExplanation
Smoking is known to be the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. It is responsible for numerous health issues such as lung cancer, heart disease, and respiratory diseases. The harmful chemicals present in cigarettes can cause severe damage to the body over time. Quitting smoking is essential to reduce the risk of these health problems and improve overall well-being.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The community/public health nurse was asked why a church was chosen as the site for a recent health fair, because not everyone in the community attended this church. What would be the most likely response by the nurse?
- A.
It is accessible to most of the residents of the community, it is large and has several restrooms, and it is centrally located.
- B.
Most residents of the neighborhood either do or should attend the church.
- C.
I am a member of that church and could reserve the site without charge.
- D.
The church is community serviceoriented, and hosting the screening met its mission.
Correct Answer
A. It is accessible to most of the residents of the community, it is large and has several restrooms, and it is centrally located.Explanation
The most likely response by the nurse would be that the church was chosen as the site for the health fair because it is accessible to most residents of the community, it is large and has several restrooms, and it is centrally located.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which of the following events might help document the importance of a health screening to the neighborhood?
- A.
Absenteeism caused by illness at the local factory decreased.
- B.
Morbidity statistics related to heart disease decreased over the next year.
- C.
The incidence and prevalence of hypertension fell precipitously.
- D.
The incidence and prevalence of hypertension rose precipitously.
Correct Answer
D. The incidence and prevalence of hypertension rose precipitously.Explanation
A rise in the incidence and prevalence of hypertension would help document the importance of a health screening to the neighborhood because it suggests that there is a high number of individuals in the community who have developed hypertension. This indicates a need for health screenings to identify and address the condition early on, potentially preventing further complications and improving overall community health.Rate this question:
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- 18.
A woman was found to have a blood glucose reading of 320 mg/dL. What should be the nurses next action?
- A.
Escort the woman to the next screening station and then prepare to test the blood glucose level of the next client.
- B.
Explain the blood glucose reading to the woman and ask whether she has a primary care provider.
- C.
Fill out the form, giving the results accurately for the health departments records.
- D.
Hand the woman culturally appropriate literature on diabetes and the dangers of lack of treatment.
Correct Answer
B. Explain the blood glucose reading to the woman and ask whether she has a primary care provider.Explanation
The correct answer is to explain the blood glucose reading to the woman and ask whether she has a primary care provider. This is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take because a blood glucose reading of 320 mg/dL is significantly high and indicates hyperglycemia. The nurse should inform the woman about the reading and its implications, as well as inquire about her primary care provider to ensure she receives appropriate follow-up care and treatment.Rate this question:
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- 19.
What must be stressed to all participants attending a health fair?
- A.
A screening program is not a substitute for ongoing health supervision from a health care provider.
- B.
All test results are only tentative, and so participants who receive negative test results may nonetheless be suffering from a disease.
- C.
Results are true today, but disease can develop any time, so participants should attend any future health fairs as well.
- D.
There are many other diseases that may be attacking participants that the health fair did not screen for, and so continued vigilance is necessary.
Correct Answer
A. A screening program is not a substitute for ongoing health supervision from a health care provider.Explanation
Participants attending a health fair need to understand that a screening program should not replace regular health care supervision from a healthcare provider. This means that even if they receive negative test results at the health fair, they may still have a disease or condition that was not detected. It is important for participants to continue seeking ongoing medical care and attend future health fairs to ensure their overall health and well-being. Additionally, there may be other diseases or conditions that the health fair did not screen for, so participants should remain vigilant and proactive about their health.Rate this question:
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- 20.
A nurse is planning the evaluation of a mental health screening program in the community. What should be included in the process evaluation of this program?
- A.
Asking whether program goals were adequately met
- B.
Determining whether more people sought follow-up care after the screening
- C.
Determining the number of people who attended and were screened
- D.
Measuring whether the incidence of disease changed
Correct Answer
C. Determining the number of people who attended and were screenedExplanation
In the process evaluation of a mental health screening program, it is important to determine the number of people who attended and were screened. This information is crucial in assessing the reach and effectiveness of the program. By knowing the number of individuals who participated in the screening, the nurse can evaluate the program's success in terms of engagement and accessibility. This data can also help identify any barriers or gaps in reaching the target population.Rate this question:
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Apr 09, 2024Quiz Edited by
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May 12, 2020Quiz Created by
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