Microbiology Final Exam Quiz - 2

50 Questions | By Cassiebeermann | Updated: Mar 20, 2022 | Attempts: 118

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Take this interesting and typical quiz on microbiology and associated microscopic nonliving biological particles that interact with living things

Questions and Answers

1.

Which is (are) true concerning the cell wall of bacteria?
- A.
  
  It determines the shape of the bacteria
- B.
  
  It prevents the bacteria from lysis
- C.
  
  It contains peptidoglycan
- D.
  
  It may be targeted by antibiotics such as penicillin
- E.
  
  All of the above
2.

Microorganisms have been very helpful in research especially because
- A.
  
  They have relatively simple structures
- B.
  
  Most of them have short generation time allowing data collection in a short period of time
- C.
  
  A large population can be kept in a small space
- D.
  
  It is easy to visualize any transfer of genetic material
- E.
  
  A, B and C are correct
3.

Koch's postulates for linking a specific disease with its causative agent DOES NOT include which of the folowing?
- A.
  
  The specific causative agent must be found in every case of the disease
- B.
  
  The disease organism must be isolated in pure culture
- C.
  
  Inoculation of a sample of the culture into a healthy, susceptible animal must produce the same disease
- D.
  
  Human subjects must be inoculated with the organism to assay its virulence
- E.
  
  None of the above
4.

What characteristic do bright-field microscope, dark-field microscopes and the differential interference contrast microscope have in common?
- A.
  
  Visualize small molecules inside the cells
- B.
  
  Observe living specimens
- C.
  
  Deal with refractive index minimizing blurry images
- D.
  
  Work with specimens with differentially staining it
5.

Which combination of objective lenses and ocular (eyepieces) lenses prvides the observer the highest magnification?
- A.
  
  40x objective combined with 20x ocular
- B.
  
  100x objective combined with 10x ocular
- C.
  
  100x objective combined with 20x ocular
- D.
  
  20x ovjective combined with 20x ocular
6.

_____ refers to the ability to distinguish adjacent objects, and ____ refers to the capactiy of visualizing the object
- A.
  
  Wavelength; frequency
- B.
  
  Resolution; detection
- C.
  
  Resolution; magnification
- D.
  
  Frequency; resolution
- E.
  
  Refraction; detection
7.

The function of the immersion oil when using the 100x objective is to
- A.
  
  Increase the refractive index, and increase the resolution
- B.
  
  Avoid contact between the objective and the slide
- C.
  
  Increase the refractive index and decrease the resolution
- D.
  
  Decrease the refractive index allowing more light to reach the slide
8.

Stains can be used to visualize
- A.
  
  Capsules
- B.
  
  Endospores
- C.
  
  Cell wall
- D.
  
  Flagella
- E.
  
  All of the above
9.

Which of the following is NOT paired correctly?
- A.
  
  Fluid mosaic model; currently accepted model of cell membranes
- B.
  
  Cell envelope; association of plasma membrane and cell wall
- C.
  
  Nucleoid; irregular shaped region where genetic material is found
- D.
  
  Spirillum; a rigid spiral-shaped bacterial or archaeal cell
10.

What is the relevance of surface area-to-volume ratio?
- A.
  
  None, there is no correlation between surface area and cell volume
- B.
  
  When surface area-to-volume ratio decreases, nutrient uptake becomes more efficient
- C.
  
  When surface area-to-volume ratio increases, nutrient uptake becomes more efficient
- D.
  
  When the surface area-to-volume ratio increases, cells can easily get desiccated
11.

Some bacteria have flagella all over their cell. this kind of arrangement is called
- A.
  
  Monotrichous
- B.
  
  Peritrichous
- C.
  
  Lophotrichous
- D.
  
  Halotrichous
- E.
  
  Amphitrichous
12.

Bacterial plasma membrane is embedded with several proteins that perform functions such as ___ and ___. the rigidity of the membrane is maintained by the presence of ___.
- A.
  
  Structural support; secretin of virulence factor; hopanoids
- B.
  
  Ion transport osmotic maintenance; sterols
- C.
  
  Structural support; secretion of virulence factor; sterols
- D.
  
  Fluidity; virulence; phospholipids
- E.
  
  Ion transport; osmotic maintenance; phospholipids
13.

Archaeal cell wall is formed by a polymer made of NAT and NAG referred to as
- A.
  
  Murein
- B.
  
  Pseudopeptidoglycan
- C.
  
  Acid-fast
- D.
  
  Lipopolysacharide
- E.
  
  None of the above are correct
14.

One of the answers below can NOT be counted as Pasteur's contribution to microbiology as a science
- A.
  
  The development of the pasteurization process
- B.
  
  Development of vaccine against smallpox
- C.
  
  The description of a protozoan as the infection agent in silkworms causing pebrine disease
- D.
  
  The description of the fermentation process and its results when carried out by yeast or bacteria
15.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of electron microscopy?
- A.
  
  Electron microscope images allow us to describe and visualize living specimens
- B.
  
  The transmission electron microscope used magnetic lenses to form an image from electrons that have passed through a very thin section of a specimen
- C.
  
  The scanning electron microscope is used to examine the surfaces of microorganismsmin great detail
- D.
  
  Electron microscopes are able to detect and resolve particles as small as proteins
16.

Prokaryotic cells are characterized by the
- A.
  
  Absence of ribosomes
- B.
  
  Absence of DNA
- C.
  
  Absence of a membrane-limited nucleus
- D.
  
  Absence of membranous organelles
- E.
  
  C & D are correct
17.

Analyzes of ribosomal RNA done in the 1970's by Carl Woes, showed major differences betwen __ and ___; both prokaryotic organisms belonging to the same kingdom
- A.
  
  Bacteria and protists
- B.
  
  Protists and archaea
- C.
  
  Protist and viruses
- D.
  
  Bacteria and archaea
- E.
  
  Viruses and viroids
18.

The __ and ___ vwere critical in the development of microbiology
- A.
  
  Development of Bunsen burners; plates
- B.
  
  Development of microscopes; development of techniques for isolating microbes
- C.
  
  Establishment of Koch's postulates; plates
- D.
  
  Invention of plates; loops
19.

What kind of information is provided by isolating microorganisms from their natural environment and culturing them in the laboratory
- A.
  
  Generation time
- B.
  
  Nutrient requirement
- C.
  
  Temperature requirement
- D.
  
  Cellular shape
- E.
  
  A, B & C are correct
20.

Light of ___ wavelength typically will result in ___ resolution
- A.
  
  Longer; better
- B.
  
  Longer; poor
- C.
  
  Medium; better
- D.
  
  Shorter;better
- E.
  
  Shorter;worse
21.

Why was the belief of spontaneous generation an obstacle to the development of microbiology as a science
- A.
  
  It would be impossible to have a sterile medium
- B.
  
  It would be difficult to link microorganism to certain diseases
- C.
  
  It would be hard to isolate cultures
- D.
  
  All of the above
22.

In some Archaea, the double layer of phospholipid membane is replaced by a ___, making the membrane____ and resistant to harch environments
- A.
  
  Monolayer, more rigid
- B.
  
  Triple layer, more rigid
- C.
  
  Outer membrane, more rigid
- D.
  
  Monolayer, less rigid
- E.
  
  Triple layer, less rigid
23.

Which of the following statements about endospores is NOT correct
- A.
  
  They are resistant to heat, chemicals, radiation a desiccation
- B.
  
  Endospore formation is triggered by lack of nutrients
- C.
  
  Most bacteria and archaea are able to form endospores
- D.
  
  Resistance to physical factors is due to high amount of dipocolinic acid and calcium
24.

An evidence of early microbial life on Earth can be revealed in
- A.
  
  Ribosomal RNA
- B.
  
  Stromatolites
- C.
  
  Microbial evolution
- D.
  
  Cellular metabolism
- E.
  
  Probionts
25.

Bacteriological media that are composed of ingredients whose exact chemical composition are known are called
- A.
  
  Designated
- B.
  
  Exact
- C.
  
  Defined
- D.
  
  Selective
- E.
  
  Aesthetic