World's Toughest Trivia Quiz On Microbiology!
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Infection always leads to disease.
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True
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False
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About This Quiz
How good are you when it comes to knowledge on microbiology? The quiz below is considered the toughest trivia and is designed to sieve out the best out of all the top students in the class. Do you think that you can take it up and see if you are among the top students in the class? Well, do give it a shot and see how good you will do.
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- 2.
When an infected person is in the incubation period, that person cannot transmit the pathogen to others.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
During the incubation period of an infection, the person may not show any symptoms but can still transmit the pathogen to others. This is because the pathogen is multiplying inside their body and can be present in their respiratory secretions or bodily fluids. Therefore, it is important to take precautions and practice good hygiene even if someone does not appear to be sick.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Human B lymphocytes mature in an intestinal region called the bursa.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
The statement is false because B lymphocytes actually mature in the bone marrow, not in the intestinal region called the bursa. The bursa is only found in birds, not in humans.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Only Gram-positive bacteria produce exotoxins.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
Gram-positive bacteria are not the only ones that produce exotoxins. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria can produce exotoxins. Exotoxins are proteins secreted by bacteria that can cause damage to host cells and tissues. These toxins can be produced by various bacterial species, regardless of their Gram staining characteristics. Therefore, the statement that only Gram-positive bacteria produce exotoxins is false.Rate this question:
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- 5.
An infection acquired during hospitalization is reffered to as
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Antibiotic-induced
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Therapeutic
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Medication-stimulated
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Nosocomial
Correct Answer
A. NosocomialExplanation
The term "nosocomial" refers to an infection that is acquired while a patient is in a hospital or healthcare facility. This type of infection is often caused by bacteria or other pathogens that are present in the hospital environment. It is important to distinguish nosocomial infections from other types of infections, as they may require different treatment approaches and infection control measures.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following is considered an indirect mode of transmission?
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Sexual intercourse
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Touching
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Handshaking
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Insect bites
Correct Answer
A. Insect bitesExplanation
Insect bites are considered an indirect mode of transmission because the insects act as vectors, carrying and transmitting infectious agents from one host to another. Unlike sexual intercourse, touching, or handshaking, where the transmission occurs through direct contact between individuals, insect bites involve the transfer of pathogens through the bites of infected insects. This mode of transmission is common for diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, and Lyme disease, where mosquitoes, ticks, or other insects play a role in spreading the infection.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Inflammation responses are orchestrated by the immune system and are part of the body's third line of defense.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
Inflammation responses are actually part of the body's second line of defense, not the third line of defense. The third line of defense refers to the adaptive immune response, which involves the production of specific antibodies and memory cells. Inflammation, on the other hand, is a non-specific response that occurs in the early stages of infection or injury and is part of the innate immune response. Therefore, the correct answer is False.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The infectious dose of most pathogens is about equal.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
The statement suggests that the infectious dose of most pathogens is equal, which means that the amount of pathogens required to cause an infection is the same for all pathogens. However, this statement is false. The infectious dose can vary greatly among different pathogens. Some pathogens may require a very small amount to cause an infection, while others may require a larger dose. Therefore, the statement is incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The microorganisms that are regularly found in or on the body, yet do no apparent harm are called
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Abnormal flora
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Transient flora
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Variant flora
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Normal flora
Correct Answer
A. Normal floraExplanation
Normal flora refers to the microorganisms that are commonly found in or on the body without causing any harm. These microorganisms can include bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other microbes. They are considered harmless and can even provide benefits to the host, such as aiding in digestion or preventing the growth of harmful bacteria. Normal flora is an essential part of the body's natural defense mechanisms and helps maintain a healthy balance within the microbiome.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Eczema is an autoimmune disorder.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
Eczema is not an autoimmune disorder. It is a chronic skin condition characterized by inflammation and itching. It is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, and is not related to the immune system attacking the body's own cells.Rate this question:
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- 11.
A disease-causing microorganism or virus is referred to as a(n)
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Avirulent infection
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Colony
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Commensal
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Pathogen
Correct Answer
A. PathogenExplanation
A disease-causing microorganism or virus is referred to as a pathogen because it is capable of causing disease in its host. Pathogens can include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, and they have the ability to invade and multiply within the host's body, leading to symptoms and illness.Rate this question:
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- 12.
A strong attachment of a microorganism to a host cell automatically leads to disease.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
A strong attachment of a microorganism to a host cell does not automatically lead to disease. While attachment is an important step in the infection process, it does not guarantee the development of disease. Other factors such as the virulence of the microorganism, the immune response of the host, and the overall health of the host also play a role in determining whether or not disease will occur.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Diseases constantly present in a population are
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Epidemic
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Chronic
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Latent
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Endemic
Correct Answer
A. EndemicExplanation
Endemic diseases are constantly present in a population. Unlike epidemic diseases, which spread rapidly and affect a large number of people in a short period of time, endemic diseases have a consistent presence and a relatively stable number of cases within a specific geographic area or population. These diseases are often considered "normal" or expected within a certain region or group, and may not cause significant public health concern unless they increase in frequency or severity.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The science that deals with when diseases occur and how they are transmitted is called
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Ecology
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Epidemiology
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Communicable disease
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Morbidity and mortality
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Public health
Correct Answer
A. EpidemiologyExplanation
Epidemiology is the science that studies the occurrence, distribution, and transmission of diseases. It focuses on understanding the patterns and factors that contribute to the spread of diseases within populations. Epidemiologists investigate the causes and risk factors of diseases, as well as develop strategies for prevention and control. They analyze data, conduct studies, and use statistical methods to determine the patterns and trends of diseases. By studying epidemiology, scientists can gain insights into how diseases occur and are transmitted, which is crucial for effective public health interventions and disease control measures.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which is not a component of innate immunity?
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Skin
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Inflammation
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Fever
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Antibody
Correct Answer
A. AntibodyExplanation
Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense against pathogens and does not involve the production of antibodies. Antibodies are part of the adaptive immune response, which is the second line of defense and is specific to particular pathogens. Skin, inflammation, and fever are all components of the innate immune response.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The series of steps used to connect an organism to a disease are known as
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Pasteur's postulates
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Lister's aseptics
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Linnaeus taxonomics
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Koch's postulates
Correct Answer
A. Koch's postulatesExplanation
Koch's postulates are a series of steps used to establish a causal relationship between a microorganism and a disease. These postulates were developed by Robert Koch, a German physician, in the late 19th century. They provide a framework for determining whether a specific microorganism is responsible for causing a particular disease. The postulates include criteria such as isolating the microorganism from a diseased organism, culturing it in a pure culture, and then re-infecting a healthy organism with the cultured microorganism to observe the same disease symptoms. These steps help establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the microorganism and the disease.Rate this question:
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- 17.
During phagocytosis, intracellular digestion begins as soon as the phagosome is formed
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
During phagocytosis, intracellular digestion does not begin as soon as the phagosome is formed. After the phagosome is formed, it fuses with a lysosome to form a phagolysosome, where the digestion of the engulfed material takes place. This fusion can take some time to occur, and it is only after the fusion that intracellular digestion begins. Therefore, the statement is false.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which of the following are referred to as mononuclear phagocytes?
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Lymphocytes and basophils
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Mast cells and eosinophils
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Basophils and eosinophils
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Monocytes and macrophages
Correct Answer
A. Monocytes and macrophagesExplanation
Monocytes and macrophages are referred to as mononuclear phagocytes because they are a type of white blood cell that has a single nucleus and is capable of engulfing and digesting foreign particles, such as bacteria and cellular debris. They play a crucial role in the immune response by helping to eliminate pathogens and stimulate other immune cells.Rate this question:
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- 19.
A person who is Rh- will have anti-Rh antibodies in their serum from early infancy.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
A person who is Rh- will not have anti-Rh antibodies in their serum from early infancy. Rh antibodies are not naturally present in the serum of Rh- individuals. They only develop these antibodies if they are exposed to Rh-positive blood, such as through a blood transfusion or during pregnancy with an Rh-positive baby.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which of the following may inhibit the activity of normal flora and allow pathogens to become established?
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Peroxides
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Acids
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Fatty acids
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Antibiotics
Correct Answer
A. AntibioticsExplanation
Antibiotics may inhibit the activity of normal flora and allow pathogens to become established. Antibiotics are medications that are used to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. While they can be effective in treating bacterial infections, they can also disrupt the balance of bacteria in the body, including the normal flora that help to keep pathogens in check. This disruption can create an environment where pathogens can thrive and cause infection.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Type IV hypersensitivity reactions typically peak within
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Minutes
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Hours
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12 hours
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2-3 days
Correct Answer
A. 2-3 daysExplanation
Type IV hypersensitivity reactions typically peak within 2-3 days. This type of hypersensitivity reaction involves the activation of T cells and the release of inflammatory cytokines. It is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction that occurs when sensitized T cells encounter an antigen, leading to an immune response. The peak of the reaction occurs a few days after exposure to the antigen, hence the timeframe of 2-3 days. This is in contrast to immediate hypersensitivity reactions (Type I), which occur within minutes, and Type II and Type III reactions, which occur within hours.Rate this question:
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- 22.
In humans, the stem cells from which all blood cells arise are found in the
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Peripheral circulation
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Lymphatic vessels
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Lymph nodes
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Bone marrow
Correct Answer
A. Bone marrowExplanation
The correct answer is bone marrow. In humans, the stem cells that give rise to all blood cells are found in the bone marrow. These stem cells have the ability to differentiate into various types of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The bone marrow is responsible for the production and maturation of these blood cells, which are then released into the bloodstream to perform their respective functions in the body.Rate this question:
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- 23.
All blood cells originate from the
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Erythrocyte
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Leukocytic stem cell
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Eosinophilic stem cell
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Hematopoietic stem cell
Correct Answer
A. Hematopoietic stem cellExplanation
Hematopoietic stem cells are responsible for the production of all blood cells, including erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and platelets. These stem cells have the ability to differentiate into different types of blood cells, making them the source of all blood cell types in the body.Rate this question:
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- 24.
The four classic signs and symptoms of inflammation include all the following except
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Redness
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Warmth
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Swelling
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Pain
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Chills
Correct Answer
A. ChillsExplanation
The four classic signs and symptoms of inflammation are redness, warmth, swelling, and pain. Chills, on the other hand, are not typically associated with inflammation. Chills are usually a response to an infection or fever, and they are characterized by shaking or shivering and feeling cold. While inflammation can sometimes be accompanied by fever, chills themselves are not considered a classic sign of inflammation.Rate this question:
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- 25.
The symbiotic relationship wherein both partners benefit is termed
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Commensalism
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Parasitism
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Independence
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Mutualism
Correct Answer
A. MutualismExplanation
Mutualism refers to a symbiotic relationship where both partners benefit. In this type of relationship, both organisms rely on each other for resources, protection, or other advantages. This can include mutualistic interactions between plants and pollinators, where the plant provides nectar or pollen as a food source, and the pollinator helps in the plant's reproduction by transferring pollen. Another example is the relationship between certain species of fish and cleaner fish, where the cleaner fish remove parasites from the larger fish, benefiting both parties.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Which of the following would be considered a sign of a disease?
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Headache
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Pain
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Nausea
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Fever of 39°C
Correct Answer
A. Fever of 39°CExplanation
A fever of 39°C is considered a sign of a disease because it indicates an abnormal increase in body temperature, which is often a response to an infection or illness. Headache, pain, and nausea can also be symptoms of a disease, but they are subjective experiences that can vary from person to person. Fever, on the other hand, is an objective measurement that can be easily measured and indicates an underlying health issue.Rate this question:
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- 27.
During incubation and convalescence a person may still spread infectious organisms.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
During incubation and convalescence, a person may still spread infectious organisms. This means that even though a person may not show symptoms or feel sick, they can still carry and transmit the infectious organisms to others. This is why it is important to practice good hygiene and take necessary precautions to prevent the spread of diseases, even when someone appears to be healthy.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Which of the following statements is true?
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Evolution selects for the most virulent pathogens
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A successful pathogen never kills its host
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The primary goal of a pathogen is to kill its host
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A successful pathogen does not kill its host before it is transmitted
Correct Answer
A. A successful pathogen does not kill its host before it is transmittedExplanation
A successful pathogen does not kill its host before it is transmitted because if the host dies before the pathogen can be transmitted to another host, the pathogen will not be able to survive and reproduce. Therefore, natural selection favors pathogens that can successfully transmit themselves to new hosts without killing their current host.Rate this question:
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- 29.
An obligate intracellular pathogen may
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Only survive outside the cell
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Survive inside or outside the cell
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Survive in the interstitial tissue
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May only survive and grow inside a cell
Correct Answer
A. May only survive and grow inside a cellExplanation
An obligate intracellular pathogen is a type of pathogen that can only survive and replicate inside a host cell. It is unable to survive outside of a cell and relies on the cellular machinery of the host to carry out its life cycle. This type of pathogen typically infects and causes diseases in humans and animals by invading and hijacking their cells. Therefore, the correct answer is that an obligate intracellular pathogen may only survive and grow inside a cell.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Which of the following is a phagocytic cell found in the human body?
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Erythrocyte
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Neutrophil
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B cell
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T cell
Correct Answer
A. NeutrophilExplanation
Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that are capable of phagocytosis, which is the process of engulfing and digesting foreign particles or pathogens. They play a crucial role in the immune response by identifying and destroying harmful substances, such as bacteria and viruses, in the human body. Neutrophils are able to move towards the site of infection or inflammation and release enzymes and chemicals to eliminate the threat. Therefore, neutrophils are the phagocytic cells found in the human body.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Allergic reactions mainly involve
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Macrophages
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Monocytes
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Neutrophils
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Mast cells
Correct Answer
A. Mast cellsExplanation
Mast cells are a type of white blood cell that play a key role in allergic reactions. When an allergen enters the body, mast cells release chemicals such as histamine, which cause the symptoms of an allergic reaction. These chemicals can cause inflammation, itching, and swelling. Macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils are also involved in immune responses, but mast cells are specifically responsible for allergic reactions.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Which is not a component of innate immunity?
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Skin
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Inflammation
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Fever
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Antibody
Correct Answer
A. AntibodyExplanation
Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense against pathogens and does not involve the production of antibodies. Antibodies are part of the adaptive immune response, which is a separate component of the immune system.Rate this question:
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- 33.
A properly functioning immune system is responsible for
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Surveillance of the body
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Recognition of foreign material
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Destruction of foreign material
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B and C
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A, B, and C
Correct Answer
A. A, B, and CExplanation
The immune system is responsible for multiple functions in the body. It acts as a surveillance system by constantly monitoring the body for any signs of infection or foreign material. It also plays a crucial role in recognizing foreign material, such as pathogens or toxins, and initiating an immune response against them. Additionally, the immune system is involved in the destruction of foreign material through various mechanisms, such as phagocytosis, antibody production, and activation of immune cells. Therefore, the correct answer is A, B, and C, as all of these statements accurately describe the functions of a properly functioning immune system.Rate this question:
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- 34.
After secreting antibodies during an immune response, plasma cells then differentiate into memory cells.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
The given statement is false. After secreting antibodies during an immune response, plasma cells do not differentiate into memory cells. Instead, they eventually undergo apoptosis (cell death). Memory cells, on the other hand, are a separate type of immune cell that are formed during the immune response and remain in the body to provide long-term immunity against future infections.Rate this question:
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- 35.
The lack of susceptibility to diseases of other species in humans may be due to the
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Secretion of exotoxins
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Presence of endotoxins
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Action of IL-2
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Lack of receptors that are recognized by adherence factors
Correct Answer
A. Lack of receptors that are recognized by adherence factorsExplanation
The lack of susceptibility to diseases of other species in humans may be due to the lack of receptors that are recognized by adherence factors. This means that human cells do not have the specific receptors that pathogens from other species would recognize and bind to, preventing the pathogens from infecting human cells and causing disease.Rate this question:
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- 36.
High concentrations of some bacteria are necessary for successful invasion because only at high density are their virulence genes expressed.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
High concentrations of bacteria are necessary for successful invasion because at high density, the bacteria are able to express their virulence genes. Virulence genes are responsible for the production of proteins and factors that allow bacteria to infect and harm host organisms. When bacteria are present in high numbers, the chances of successful invasion and infection are increased as more virulence genes are expressed, enhancing the bacteria's ability to cause disease. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 37.
The leukocyte that contains histamine is the
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Lymphocyte
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Monocyte
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Macrophage
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Basophil
Correct Answer
A. BasophilExplanation
Basophils are a type of leukocyte that contain histamine. Histamine is a chemical compound that is released by basophils in response to an immune response or allergic reaction. It plays a role in the inflammatory response by causing blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable, allowing other immune cells to migrate to the site of infection or injury. Basophils also release other substances, such as heparin, which helps prevent blood clotting. Therefore, the correct answer is basophil.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Allergic reactions mainly involve
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Macrophages
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Monocytes
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Neutrophils
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Mast cells
Correct Answer
A. Mast cellsExplanation
Mast cells are involved in allergic reactions because they release histamine and other chemical mediators in response to allergens. This release of chemicals leads to the symptoms of an allergic reaction, such as itching, swelling, and inflammation. Mast cells are found in tissues throughout the body, particularly in areas that are exposed to the external environment, such as the skin, respiratory tract, and digestive system. When an allergen enters the body, it binds to specific antibodies on the surface of mast cells, triggering the release of histamine and other inflammatory substances. This immune response is what causes the allergic symptoms.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Inanimate objects capable of transferring infectious disease agents are
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Vectors
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Fomites
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Vehicles
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Reservoirs
Correct Answer
A. FomitesExplanation
Fomites are inanimate objects that can carry and transfer infectious disease agents. These objects can become contaminated with pathogens and serve as a source of transmission to humans. Examples of fomites include doorknobs, countertops, and clothing. When a person touches a contaminated fomite and then touches their face or mouth, they can introduce the pathogen into their body and become infected. Therefore, fomites play a crucial role in the spread of infectious diseases.Rate this question:
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- 40.
A transfusion reaction primarily involves
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Leukocytes
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Phagocytes
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Platelets
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Erythrocytes
Correct Answer
A. ErythrocytesExplanation
A transfusion reaction primarily involves erythrocytes, which are red blood cells. These reactions occur when there is an immune response to the transfused blood, leading to the destruction of the donor's red blood cells by the recipient's immune system. This can result in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath, and in severe cases, organ damage or even death. It is important to match blood types and perform compatibility testing to minimize the risk of transfusion reactions.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Which of the following is not a granulocyte?
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Eosinophil
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Macrophage
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Basophil
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Neutrophil
Correct Answer
A. MacrophageExplanation
Granulocytes are a type of white blood cell that contain granules in their cytoplasm. They include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Macrophages, on the other hand, are a type of immune cell that are not classified as granulocytes. They do not contain granules in their cytoplasm and have a different function in the immune system. Therefore, the correct answer is macrophage.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Which of the following is the endotoxin?
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Hemolysin
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Hyaluronidase
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Toxinosis
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Collagenase
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Lipopolysaccharide
Correct Answer
A. LipopolysaccharideExplanation
Lipopolysaccharide is the correct answer because it is a type of endotoxin. Endotoxins are toxic substances that are part of the outer membrane of certain bacteria. Lipopolysaccharide is specifically found in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and can cause a strong immune response in humans, leading to symptoms such as fever and inflammation.Rate this question:
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- 43.
The immunoglobulin that is important in hypersensitivity reactions is
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IgA
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IgD
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IgD
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IgE
Correct Answer
A. IgEExplanation
IgE is the immunoglobulin that is important in hypersensitivity reactions. IgE plays a crucial role in allergic reactions by binding to allergens and triggering the release of inflammatory mediators, such as histamine, from mast cells and basophils. This leads to the symptoms associated with hypersensitivity reactions, such as itching, swelling, and inflammation. IgE is also involved in the immune response against parasitic infections.Rate this question:
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- 44.
How long after initiation of a primary response do signifiant amounts of antibody appear in the blood?
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One day
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10-14 days
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4 weeks
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6 weeks
Correct Answer
A. 10-14 daysExplanation
Significant amounts of antibody appear in the blood approximately 10-14 days after initiation of a primary response. This is because it takes time for the immune system to recognize and respond to an antigen, produce antibodies, and for those antibodies to reach detectable levels in the bloodstream.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Attributes of an organism that promote pathogenicity are called
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Disease factors
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Colonization factors
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Mutualistic
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Virulence factors
Correct Answer
A. Virulence factorsExplanation
Virulence factors are attributes of an organism that promote pathogenicity. These factors enable the organism to invade, colonize, and cause harm to the host. They can include mechanisms such as toxins, adhesion molecules, and evasion of the host immune system. By possessing virulence factors, the organism becomes more capable of causing disease and establishing an infection.Rate this question:
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- 46.
People who carry and may spread pathogenic organisms without any overt symptoms of illness are called
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Primary infections
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Secondary infections
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Mutualists
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Carriers
Correct Answer
A. CarriersExplanation
Carriers are individuals who can carry and spread pathogenic organisms without showing any signs or symptoms of illness themselves. They act as reservoirs for the pathogens and can unknowingly transmit them to others. This can contribute to the spread of infectious diseases in a population. Primary infections refer to the initial infection, secondary infections occur after the primary infection, and mutualists are organisms that have a mutually beneficial relationship with another organism.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Which of the following is a phagocytic cell found in the human body?
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Erythrocyte
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Neutrophil
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B cell
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T cell
Correct Answer
A. NeutrophilExplanation
A neutrophil is a type of white blood cell that is capable of phagocytosis, which is the process of engulfing and destroying foreign particles, such as bacteria and cellular debris. Neutrophils are an important part of the immune system and are found in high numbers in the human body, particularly in areas of infection or inflammation. They are one of the first responders to infection and play a crucial role in the body's defense against pathogens.Rate this question:
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- 48.
A __________ is an infection indigenous to animals that can, on occasion, be transmitted to humans
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Secondary infection
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Sequelae
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Nosocomial infection
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Zoonosis
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None of the choices are correct
Correct Answer
A. ZoonosisExplanation
Zoonosis refers to an infection that is typically found in animals but can occasionally be transmitted to humans. This term is used to describe diseases such as rabies, Lyme disease, and bird flu, which can be contracted from animals. Zoonotic infections can be transmitted through direct contact with an infected animal, through bites or scratches, or through exposure to contaminated food or water. It is important to be aware of zoonotic diseases and take necessary precautions to prevent their transmission to humans.Rate this question:
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- 49.
The secondary response to an antigen is faster and bigger than the primary response.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The secondary response to an antigen is faster and bigger than the primary response because during the primary response, the immune system is encountering the antigen for the first time and needs time to recognize and mount an effective response. However, during the secondary response, the immune system has already encountered the antigen before and has memory cells that can quickly recognize and respond to the antigen. This leads to a faster and stronger immune response, with higher levels of antibodies produced and a more efficient elimination of the antigen.Rate this question:
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May 07, 2024Quiz Edited by
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