Could You Pass This Hardest Microbiology Exam? Quiz

Mutation

Natural selection

Gene transfer

Diversity in Bacteria

Mutation

Spontaneous Mutation

Induced Mutation

Is a change in the existing nucleotide sequence of a cell's DNA which is then passed on to daughter cells

Bacteria have two general means by which they routinely adjust to new circumstances

Is the acquistion of genes from another organism

Induced Mutation

Envrionmental Mutations

Spontaneous Mutations

Mutation passed onto progeny: inherited

Mutations are stable inheritable changes in the base sequence of DNA

Change in a cell's genotype and phenotype to its orgignal state through a change in the mutated gene

Transfer of gene

Mutation passed onto progeny: inherited

Chagne in a cell's genotype and phenotype to its original state through a change in the mutated gene

Change in a cell's genotype and phenotype to its original state through a change in the mutated gene

When the cell reverse

Mutation passed onto progeny; inherited

Base substitution

Acid

Removal or addition of nucleotides

Transposable elements

A, C, D are correct

Most common type of mutation

Results from mistakes during DNA synthesis

Shifts the translational reading frame

A and B are correct

A, B, and C are correct

Occur when on base pair is changed

Mutation resulting fromamino acid substitution

Mutation that changes an amino acid codon to a stop codon

Mutations that inactivates a gene results in a strain that is unable to grow

Occur when one base pair is changed

Mutation resulting from amino acid substitution

Mutation that changes an amino acid codon to a stop codon

Mutation that inactivates a gene results in a strain that is unable to grow

Occur when one base pari is changed

Mutation resulting from amino acid substituiton

Mutation that chagnes an amino acid codon to a stop codon

Mutation that inactivates a gene results in a strain that is unable to grow

Occur when one basepair is changed

Mutation resulting from amino acid substitution

Mutation that changes an amino acid codon to a stop codon

Mutation that inactivates a gene results in a strain that is unable to grow

Shifts the translation reading frame

Causes a frameshift mutation

Shifts the codons of the DNA when it is transcribed into mRNA

All of the above are correct

None of the above are correct

Affects all amino acids downstream from addition or deletion (mutations frequently result in premature stop codons)

Changes the reading frame, so that an entirely different set of codons is used

Results in a protein that is truncated and probably non-fucntionl- (a knockout mutation)

All of the above are correct

None of the above is correct

Special segments of DNA that move spontaneoulsy from gene to gene

The deletion or additon of nucleotides, which may occur in the courseof DNA replication, is another type of spontaneous mutation

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Insertional inactivation

Transposons

Transposition

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Imma star

Nothing

It no longer encodes a functional protein because the insertion disrupts the gene

Disrupt proper function of gene, gene or gene product generally non-functional

Only B and C are correct

Gene become alive

Modification of purines and pyrimidines

Altered base pairing properties

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Mutations essentialf or understanding genetics, mutations can be intentioanlly produced to demonstrate function of particular gene or set of gene (mutation induced)

One of the above are correct

Chemical

Transposition

Radiation

All of the above are correct

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Any chemical treatment that alters the hydrogon-bonding properties of a purine or pyrimidine base in the DNA will increase the frequency of mutations as the DNA replicates

Chemicals that are structurally similar to the nitrogenous bases but have slightly altered base pairing properties (base subsitution)

Mutations can be intentionally produced to demonstrate function of particular gene or set of gene

Molecules that insert themselves between adjacent bases

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Intercalating agents

Causes covalent bonding between adjacent thymine bases

Opposite of Acid Analog

Chemicals that are structurally similar to the nitrogenous bases but have slightly altered base pairing properties (base substitution)

Agents of gene products that are generally non-functional

Molecules that insert themselves between adjacent bases, increases the frequency of frameshift mutation

Another type of secret agent

The biggest group of chemical mutagens consists of alkylating agents

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Purines

Pyrimidines

Hydrogen

Ethidium bromide

Potential carcinogen

Used to stain DNA in gel electrophoresis

A and B are both correct

None of the above is correct