Mcq_mini3_(4)[1] Lung Volume

23 Questions | By Chachelly | Updated: Mar 22, 2022 | Attempts: 2589

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1.

By a routine examination of respiratory functions a spirometer is used to measure lung volumes. Which lung volume or lung capacity can not be determined by this method?
- A.
  
  Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
- B.
  
  Inspiratory capacity (IC)
- C.
  
  Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
- D.
  
  Vital capacity (VC)
- E.
  
  Total lung capacity (TLC)
2.

A patient exhales normally and then starts to breathe into a spirometer containing 2-L of 2% helium. After several minutes, the helium concentration in the spirometer falls to 1%. The patient's lung volume at FRC is approximately:
- A.
  
  1L
- B.
  
  2L
- C.
  
  3L
- D.
  
  4L
3.

You refer your patient with pulmonary fibrosis to the pulmonary function lab. Which of the following values can be measured using direct spirometry?
- A.
  
  Residual volume.
- B.
  
  Functional residual capacity
- C.
  
  Vital capacity
- D.
  
  Total lung capacity.
- E.
  
  All of the above
4.

A patient inhales as much air as he can (maximal inspiratory level) and then you connect him with a spirometer containing a gas mixture of air and helium. After a homogeneous distribution of helium between spirometer gas and patients' lung volume, you are able to measure the patients' lung volume from helium dilution. Which of the following lung volumes or capacities do you have to know in add ition to above measured lung volume to be able to calculate residual volume of this patient?
- A.
  
  Tidal volume
- B.
  
  Functional residual capacity
- C.
  
  Inspiratory capacity
- D.
  
  Vital capacity
- E.
  
  Expiratory reserve volume
5.

Respiratorv histology Which of the following statements is correct regarding trends observed In the respiratory airways as they progressively decrease in size?
- A.
  
  There is an Increase in the number of goblet cells
- B.
  
  There is a decrease in the number of Clara cells
- C.
  
  There is an increase in the number of cilia
- D.
  
  There is an increase In the height of the epithelial cells
- E.
  
  There is an Increase in the relative amount of smooth muscle
6.

Which of the following structures in the respiratory tract is covered with stratified squamous epithelium?
- A.
  
  Laryngeal pharynx
- B.
  
  Large bronchus
- C.
  
  Terminal bronchioles
- D.
  
  Trachea
- E.
  
  False vocal chords
7.

Oxygen diffuses from the alveolar cavity into the blood in the alveolar capillaries to become linked to red cell hemoglobin, and carbon dioxide diffuses from blood into the alveolar air. To cross the air-blood barrier the minimum number of plasma membranes would be:
- A.
  
  4
- B.
  
  5
- C.
  
  3
- D.
  
  6
- E.
  
  None of the above
8.

Which of the following is a function characteristically associated with "respiratory epithelium"?
- A.
  
  Trapping of particles from passing air for elimination by swallowing
- B.
  
  Transmission of oxygen from air into subepithelial capillanes
- C.
  
  Use of ciliated epithelial cells to sense odors In passing air
- D.
  
  Protection of the IuminaI surface 0f vocaI folds
- E.
  
  Secretion of surfactant
9.

Air inhaled through the nose is "conditioned" to protect the tissues of the deeper airways. For conditioning the air, nasal tissue possesses all of the following features EXCEPT:
- A.
  
  Secretions supplied from goblet cells in the epithelium
- B.
  
  Generation of heat by mitochondria in the basal cells of the respiratory epithelium
- C.
  
  Secretions from sera-mucous glands in the subepithelial connective tissues
- D.
  
  Venous plexuses at selected places in the subep.thelial connective tissues
10.

All of the following statements about the respiratory system are correct EXCEPT:
- A.
  
  Vocal folds contain elastic fibers, skeletaI muscle and stratified squamous epithelium
- B.
  
  The surfactant in the alveoli is produced by Type II pneumocytes
- C.
  
  Most of the inside surface of alveoli is lined with Type I pneumocytes
- D.
  
  Trachealis muscle contracts during inhalation
- E.
  
  Mucociliary clearance involves goblet cells, ciliated epithelial cells and submucosal glands.
11.

The large numbers of alveolar macrophages which migrate into lumens of alveoli are derived from
- A.
  
  Fibrablasts in the interaIveolar septa
- B.
  
  Dendritic cells of lymphoid tissue
- C.
  
  Type II alveolar epithelial cells
- D.
  
  Monocytes in circulating blood
- E.
  
  Smooth muscle cells of pulmonary arteries
12.

Both goblet cells and ciliated epithelial cells occur in all of the following EXCEPT
- A.
  
  Nasal cavity
- B.
  
  Trachea
- C.
  
  Bronchi
- D.
  
  Alveoli
13.

Pulmonary alveoli characteristically have
- A.
  
  Smooth muscle in their walls to help expel air depleted of oxygen
- B.
  
  Ciliated epithelial cells
- C.
  
  Surfaces coated with a detergent-like material to facilitate alveolar inflation
- D.
  
  Imperforate walls between adjacent aIveoli to retard the spread of pathogenic organisms
- E.
  
  An epithelial Iining incapabte of regenerating itself after injury
14.

Capillaries of pulmonary alveoli are
- A.
  
  Fenestrated to enhance uptake of air from the aIveolar Iumen
- B.
  
  Iarger in diameter than average systemic capilIanes
- C.
  
  Seperated from air solely by their own epithelium and basal lamina
- D.
  
  Typically surrounded by dense concentrations of lymphocytes
15.

"Respiratory" (i.e.. ciliated pseudostratified columnar) epithelium is found in all of the following structures EXCEPT
- A.
  
  Nasal cavity
- B.
  
  Trachea
- C.
  
  Extrapulmonary bronchi
- D.
  
  Intrapulmonary bronchi
- E.
  
  Bronchioles
16.

Which of the following is characterized by the presence of both skeletal muscle and cartilage?
- A.
  
  Nasal cavity
- B.
  
  Larynx
- C.
  
  Trachea
- D.
  
  Bronchioles
- E.
  
  Alveoli
17.

Bronchioles differ from bronchi in all of the folloWing respects EXCEPT
- A.
  
  Absence of cartilage
- B.
  
  Presence of smooth muscle
- C.
  
  Type of epithelium
- D.
  
  Presence of Clara cells
- E.
  
  Absence of sub-mucosal glands
18.

which of the following portions of the respiratory tract lack smooth muscle?
- A.
  
  Trachea
- B.
  
  Bronchi
- C.
  
  Bronchioles
- D.
  
  Alveolar Ducts
- E.
  
  Alveoli
19.

All of the following are characteristics of capillaries found within the alveolar septa EXCEPT
- A.
  
  They have larger diameter than most capillaries
- B.
  
  They have lower pressure than most capillaries
- C.
  
  They are somatic, continuous capillaries
- D.
  
  There is transport across the capillary wall using membranous vesrcles
- E.
  
  They lack a basement membrane
20.

A unique feature of the olfactory epithelium is the presence of
- A.
  
  Goblet cells
- B.
  
  Neurons that are replaced throughout life
- C.
  
  Hair cells
- D.
  
  Receptors for taste
- E.
  
  Clara cells
21.

Respiratory epithelium and olfactory epithelium are alike in which of the following properties?
- A.
  
  Both contain goblet cells
- B.
  
  Both are pseudostratified epithelia
- C.
  
  Both contain bipolar sensory neurons
- D.
  
  Both contain cells with motile cilia
- E.
  
  Both contain Clara cells
22.

All of the following are characteristics of Type II pneumocytes EXCEPT
- A.
  
  Contain organelles called lamellar bodies
- B.
  
  Secrete surfactant
- C.
  
  Phagocytose particulates reaching the aIveoli
- D.
  
  Form tight junctions with Type I pneumocytes
- E.
  
  Divide to produce both Type I and Type II cells
23.

In order for oxygen in the inspired air to reach hemoglobin, it must diffuse across all of the following structures EXCEPT
- A.
  
  Layer of surfactant
- B.
  
  An endothelial cell
- C.
  
  A Type I pneumocyte
- D.
  
  One or more smooth muscle cells
- E.
  
  The plasma membrane of the erythrocyte