MBLEx Anatomy And Physiology Exam Practice Quiz!

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  • 1/115 Questions

    The Greek root derm- means... 

    • Skin
    • Follicles
    • Nails
    • Hair
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About This Quiz

The MBLEx Anatomy and Physiology Exam Practice Quiz assesses knowledge of the skeletal system, including its composition and functions. This quiz is essential for those preparing for the MBLEx certification, focusing on key anatomical concepts.

MBLEx Anatomy And Physiology Exam Practice Quiz! - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    If you were to assume the anatomical position, you would do which of the following?

    • Lie face down with both feet hip distance apart, toes pointing downward

    • Lie flat on your back, with the palms of your hands flat on the floor and your head looking over your right shoulder

    • Stand erect and face forward, with your palms facing forward with the thumbs to the side, and your feet about hip distance apart with toes pointing forward

    • Stand erect and face forward, with your palms facing each other and feet about hip distance apart with the toes pointing to the side

    Correct Answer
    A. Stand erect and face forward, with your palms facing forward with the thumbs to the side, and your feet about hip distance apart with toes pointing forward
    Explanation
    The correct answer is to stand erect and face forward, with your palms facing forward with the thumbs to the side, and your feet about hip distance apart with toes pointing forward. This position is known as the anatomical position, which is a standardized reference point used in anatomy and medicine. It allows for consistent and accurate descriptions and measurements of the body's structures and movements.

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  • 3. 

    Which are pouch-like structures in the skin from which hair grows?

    • Follicles

    • Indentions

    • Sacs

    • Cysts

    Correct Answer
    A. Follicles
    Explanation
    Pouch-like structures in the skin from which hair grows are called follicles. These follicles are located in the dermis layer of the skin and contain the hair root. The hair follicles play a crucial role in hair growth and development, as they supply nutrients and oxygen to the hair shaft. Therefore, follicles are responsible for the growth and maintenance of hair on the body.

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  • 4. 

    When oriented away from the midline of the body, we refer to it as...

    • Lateral

    • Anterior

    • Posterior

    • Inferior

    Correct Answer
    A. Lateral
    Explanation
    When oriented away from the midline of the body, we refer to it as "lateral". This term is used to describe a position or structure that is located farther away from the midline of the body, towards the sides. It is the opposite of "medial", which refers to a position closer to the midline.

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  • 5. 

    What is a synonym for the word chewing?

    • Peristalsis

    • Mastication

    • Ingestion

    • Deglutition

    Correct Answer
    A. Mastication
    Explanation
    Mastication is a synonym for the word chewing. Mastication refers to the process of breaking down food in the mouth by using the teeth and jaw muscles. It involves the grinding and crushing of food into smaller pieces to facilitate digestion.

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  • 6. 

    The two regions of the skeleton are the axial and the appendicular skeleton. 

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The statement is true because the skeleton is divided into two main regions: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage, which provide support and protection for the organs in the central axis of the body. The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the limbs, shoulder girdle, and pelvic girdle, which are involved in movement and locomotion. Therefore, the statement accurately describes the two regions of the skeleton.

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  • 7. 

    ________ describes the armpit region. Blank is... 

    • Axillary

    • Antebrachial

    • Brachial

    • Antecubital

    Correct Answer
    A. Axillary
    Explanation
    Axillary describes the armpit region. It is the correct answer because "axillary" specifically refers to the area under the arm where the arm connects to the shoulder. The other options, "antebrachial," "brachial," and "antecubital," do not accurately describe the armpit region.

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  • 8. 

    Muscle cell located in the heart wall

    • Smooth muscle

    • Skeletal muscle

    • Cardiac muscle

    Correct Answer
    A. Cardiac muscle
    Explanation
    Cardiac muscle is the correct answer because it is the type of muscle cell located in the heart wall. Unlike smooth muscle found in organs like the intestines, or skeletal muscle found in the limbs, cardiac muscle is unique to the heart. It is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of the heart, allowing it to pump blood throughout the body. Cardiac muscle is striated, meaning it has a striped appearance, similar to skeletal muscle, but it is involuntary, meaning it is not under conscious control.

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  • 9. 

    Hip and shoulder joints are examples of synovial joints that offer the greates range of motion and are commonly know as...

    • Hinge joints

    • Pivot joints

    • Saddle joints

    • Ball and socket joints

    Correct Answer
    A. Ball and socket joints
    Explanation
    Hip and shoulder joints are examples of synovial joints that offer the greatest range of motion. These joints allow movement in multiple directions, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. The term "ball and socket joints" accurately describes the structure and function of these joints, as the rounded head of one bone fits into the cup-shaped socket of another bone, allowing for a wide range of movement.

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  • 10. 

    What are the main organs of respiration?

    • Intercostals

    • Nostrils

    • Bronchi

    • Lungs

    Correct Answer
    A. Lungs
    Explanation
    The main organs of respiration are the lungs. The lungs are responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. They receive oxygen from the air we breathe in through the nostrils and bronchi. The intercostals are muscles between the ribs that help in the process of breathing by expanding and contracting the chest cavity. However, they are not the main organs of respiration.

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  • 11. 

    The skeletal system is composed of bones, cartilage, ligaments and joints.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The skeletal system is indeed composed of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints. These components work together to provide support, protection, and movement for the body. Bones are the main structural component, while cartilage helps to cushion and support joints. Ligaments connect bones to other bones, providing stability, and joints allow for movement between bones. Overall, these components make up the skeletal system, making the statement true.

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  • 12. 

    What is a meeting place for bones at which joint movement occurs?

    • Periosteum

    • Hemopoiesis

    • Diaphysis

    • Articulation

    Correct Answer
    A. Articulation
    Explanation
    Articulation refers to the meeting place for bones where joint movement occurs. It is the point where two or more bones come together, allowing for various types of movement such as flexion, extension, rotation, and abduction. The term "articulation" is commonly used in anatomy to describe the joints in the human body, which are essential for mobility and range of motion.

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  • 13. 

    Flexion of the foot dorsally so that the toes are moving toward the shin is called...

    • Plantarflexion

    • Dorsiflexion

    • Inversion

    • Eversion

    Correct Answer
    A. Dorsiflexion
    Explanation
    Dorsiflexion refers to the flexion of the foot in a dorsal direction, which means moving the toes towards the shin. This movement is opposite to plantarflexion, which involves pointing the toes away from the shin. Inversion and eversion, on the other hand, refer to the movements of the foot in the frontal plane, with inversion being the inward movement of the foot and eversion being the outward movement. Therefore, the correct answer is dorsiflexion.

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  • 14. 

    What is the acronym used to denote the number of ventricular contractions per minute?

    • HBP

    • BPM

    • DJD

    • COM

    Correct Answer
    A. BPM
    Explanation
    BPM stands for beats per minute, which is a common acronym used to denote the number of ventricular contractions per minute. This term is commonly used in medical and cardiovascular contexts to measure heart rate or pulse rate.

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  • 15. 

    Which of the following is the process by which products of digestion move into the bloodstream or lymph vessels, then into the body's cells?

    • Ingestion

    • Digestion

    • Absorption

    • Incorporation

    Correct Answer
    A. Absorption
    Explanation
    Absorption is the process by which products of digestion move into the bloodstream or lymph vessels, then into the body's cells. After food is broken down into smaller molecules during digestion, these molecules are absorbed through the walls of the small intestine and transported into the bloodstream or lymph vessels. From there, they are carried to the body's cells, where they are used for energy, growth, and repair. This process allows nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals to be utilized by the body for various functions.

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  • 16. 

    Muscle cell that forms the walls of hollow organs and tubes, such as the stomach, bladder, uterus, and blood vessels.

    • Smooth muscle

    • Skeletal muscle

    • Cardiac muscle

    Correct Answer
    A. Smooth muscle
    Explanation
    Smooth muscle is the correct answer because it is the type of muscle cell that forms the walls of hollow organs and tubes, such as the stomach, bladder, uterus, and blood vessels. Smooth muscles are involuntary muscles that are not under conscious control. They are responsible for various functions like peristalsis, which helps in the movement of food through the digestive system, and regulating the constriction and dilation of blood vessels.

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  • 17. 

    Which of the following cells gives color to the skin and serves to decrease the amount of ultraviolet light that can penetrate into deeper layers of the skin?

    • Keratinocytes

    • Mesocytes

    • Astrocytes

    • Melanocytes

    Correct Answer
    A. Melanocytes
    Explanation
    Melanocytes are the cells that give color to the skin and serve to decrease the amount of ultraviolet light that can penetrate into deeper layers of the skin. They produce a pigment called melanin, which is responsible for the color of our skin, hair, and eyes. Melanin acts as a natural sunscreen, protecting the skin from the harmful effects of UV radiation. This helps to prevent sunburn and reduce the risk of skin cancer.

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  • 18. 

    Elevation of the medial edge of the foot so that the sole is turned inward (or medially) is called...

    • Eversion

    • Circumduction

    • Inversion

    • Rotation

    Correct Answer
    A. Inversion
    Explanation
    Inversion refers to the elevation of the medial edge of the foot, causing the sole to turn inward or medially. This movement occurs when the foot is rolled inward, towards the midline of the body. It is the opposite of eversion, which involves the outward rolling of the foot. Circumduction refers to a circular movement involving a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction. Rotation refers to a movement around a central axis.

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  • 19. 

    Which of the following is the term used to describe the opposing muscle that relaxes and stretches or eccentrically contracts to allow the actions of the agonists to occur?

    • Agonist

    • Synergist

    • Antagonist

    • Fixator

    Correct Answer
    A. Antagonist
    Explanation
    The term used to describe the opposing muscle that relaxes and stretches or eccentrically contracts to allow the actions of the agonists to occur is the antagonist. The antagonist muscle works in opposition to the agonist muscle and helps to control and regulate movement by providing resistance or slowing down the movement.

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  • 20. 

    Which of the following are tiny sacs attached to alveolar ducts?

    • Epiglotis

    • Meatus

    • Alveoli

    • Bronchioles

    Correct Answer
    A. Alveoli
    Explanation
    Alveoli are tiny sacs attached to alveolar ducts. They are the smallest functional units of the respiratory system, where gas exchange occurs between the lungs and the bloodstream. Alveoli have thin walls and a large surface area, which allows for efficient diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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  • 21. 

    Which of the following is the main muscle of respiration?

    • Intercostals

    • Scalenes

    • Respiratory diaphragm

    • Abdominals

    Correct Answer
    A. Respiratory diaphragm
    Explanation
    The main muscle of respiration is the respiratory diaphragm. It is a dome-shaped muscle located at the base of the lungs. When we inhale, the diaphragm contracts and moves downward, creating more space in the chest cavity for the lungs to expand. This allows air to be drawn into the lungs. When we exhale, the diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, pushing air out of the lungs. The intercostals, scalenes, and abdominals are also involved in respiration, but the respiratory diaphragm is the primary muscle responsible for the process.

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  • 22. 

    The plane that divides the body into superior and inferior halves is the... 

    • Midsagittal (median) plane

    • Frontal (coronal) plane

    • Transverse (horizontal) plane

    • Sagittal plane

    Correct Answer
    A. Transverse (horizontal) plane
    Explanation
    The plane that divides the body into superior and inferior halves is the transverse (horizontal) plane. This plane is perpendicular to the long axis of the body and separates the body into upper and lower portions. It is also known as the horizontal plane because it is parallel to the ground when a person is standing upright. The other planes mentioned, such as the midsagittal (median) plane, frontal (coronal) plane, and sagittal plane, divide the body in different ways but not specifically into superior and inferior halves.

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  • 23. 

    Where are blood cells formed primarily?

    • In the liver and the spleen

    • In the hepatic portal system

    • In the red bone marrow of long, flat, and irregular bones

    • In the aorta

    Correct Answer
    A. In the red bone marrow of long, flat, and irregular bones
    Explanation
    Blood cells are primarily formed in the red bone marrow of long, flat, and irregular bones. This is where hematopoiesis, the process of blood cell formation, takes place. The red bone marrow contains hematopoietic stem cells that can differentiate into different types of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. These cells are then released into the bloodstream to perform their respective functions in the body. The liver and spleen also play a role in blood cell production, but their contribution is secondary compared to the red bone marrow.

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  • 24. 

    What is the process of eliminating indigestible or unabsorbed material from the body?

    • Digestion

    • Eradication

    • Purging

    • Defecation

    Correct Answer
    A. Defecation
    Explanation
    Defecation is the process of eliminating indigestible or unabsorbed material from the body. It involves the expulsion of feces from the rectum through the anus. This process is a natural part of the digestive system and helps to remove waste products and toxins from the body.

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  • 25. 

    Which of the following best describes a muscular ring used to regulate movement of materials from one compartment of the gastrointestinal tract to another?

    • Orbicularis gius

    • Sphincter

    • Rugae

    • Villi

    Correct Answer
    A. Sphincter
    Explanation
    A muscular ring used to regulate movement of materials from one compartment of the gastrointestinal tract to another is called a sphincter. Sphincters are found throughout the digestive system and act as valves, allowing the controlled passage of food, fluids, and waste materials. They help to regulate the flow and prevent backflow between different sections of the gastrointestinal tract, ensuring the efficient digestion and absorption of nutrients.

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  • 26. 

    Spongy bone is found in the center of long bones, typically filled with red and yellow bone marrow.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Spongy bone is indeed found in the center of long bones. It is characterized by its porous and honeycomb-like structure, which provides strength and support while also reducing the weight of the bone. The spongy bone contains spaces filled with red and yellow bone marrow. Red marrow is responsible for producing blood cells, while yellow marrow stores fat. Therefore, the given statement is true.

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  • 27. 

    The plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior halves is the...

    • Midsagittal (median) plane

    • Frontal (coronal) plane

    • Tranverse (horizontal) plane

    • Sagittal plane

    Correct Answer
    A. Frontal (coronal) plane
    Explanation
    The frontal (coronal) plane is the plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior halves. This plane runs from side to side and is perpendicular to the sagittal plane. It separates the body into front and back portions, allowing for the examination of structures from a front or back view. This plane is commonly used in medical imaging and anatomical studies to visualize the internal structures of the body.

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  • 28. 

    What is the fundamental unit of all living organisms?

    • Atom

    • Molecule

    • Tissue

    • Cell

    Correct Answer
    A. Cell
    Explanation
    The fundamental unit of all living organisms is the cell. Cells are the basic building blocks of life and are responsible for carrying out all the necessary functions for an organism to survive. They are capable of reproducing, obtaining and using energy, and responding to their environment. Cells can exist as single-celled organisms, such as bacteria, or as part of a larger organism, such as in plants and animals. Overall, the cell is the smallest and most essential unit of life.

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  • 29. 

    Small, round bones embedded in tendons are classified as which of the following categories?

    • Flat

    • Irregular

    • Short

    • Sesamoid

    Correct Answer
    A. Sesamoid
    Explanation
    Sesamoid bones are small, round bones that are embedded within tendons. They are classified as sesamoid bones because they resemble a sesame seed in shape and size. These bones are found in areas of the body where tendons are subjected to a lot of pressure, such as the hands, feet, and knees. Their purpose is to provide protection and improve the mechanical efficiency of the associated tendons.

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  • 30. 

    Which is the only artery that transports deoxygenated blood?

    • Coronary

    • Mesenteric

    • Pulmonary

    • Splenic

    Correct Answer
    A. Pulmonary
    Explanation
    The pulmonary artery is the only artery that transports deoxygenated blood. It carries blood from the heart to the lungs, where it picks up oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide. The oxygenated blood is then returned to the heart through the pulmonary veins. The other arteries listed in the options - coronary, mesenteric, and splenic - transport oxygenated blood to various organs and tissues in the body.

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  • 31. 

    What is the port of entry for air as well as the beginning of the air conduction pathway?

    • Chest cavity

    • Lungs

    • Oropharynx

    • Nose

    Correct Answer
    A. Nose
    Explanation
    The nose is the port of entry for air as well as the beginning of the air conduction pathway. Air enters the body through the nostrils of the nose and then passes through the nasal cavity, where it is filtered, warmed, and humidified. From there, the air travels down the throat and into the lungs, allowing for the process of respiration to occur.

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  • 32. 

    Which of the following represents a normal blood pressure reading for adults?

    • 80/120 mm Hg

    • 120/80 mm Hg

    • 139/94 mm Hg

    • 140/95 mm Hg

    Correct Answer
    A. 120/80 mm Hg
    Explanation
    A normal blood pressure reading for adults is typically around 120/80 mm Hg. The first number, 120, represents the systolic pressure, which is the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats and pumps blood. The second number, 80, represents the diastolic pressure, which is the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats. A reading of 120/80 mm Hg indicates a healthy blood pressure level, with the systolic pressure being 120 and the diastolic pressure being 80.

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  • 33. 

    The oral cavity includes which of the following groups?

    • Tongue, oropharynx, esophagus

    • Tongue, teeth, gums, opening of the salivary ducts

    • Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

    • Tongue, teeth, opening of the sinuses

    Correct Answer
    A. Tongue, teeth, gums, opening of the salivary ducts
    Explanation
    The oral cavity refers to the mouth and its structures. The tongue, teeth, gums, and opening of the salivary ducts are all part of the oral cavity. The tongue helps with speech and swallowing, while the teeth and gums are involved in chewing and breaking down food. The salivary ducts are responsible for producing and releasing saliva, which aids in digestion. Therefore, these groups are all included in the oral cavity.

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  • 34. 

    Respiration that occurs between blood and body tissues

    • External respiration

    • Internal respiration

    Correct Answer
    A. Internal respiration
    Explanation
    Internal respiration refers to the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the blood and body tissues. This process occurs at the cellular level, where oxygen is delivered to the tissues and carbon dioxide is removed from them. It takes place in the capillaries, where oxygen diffuses from the blood into the cells, and carbon dioxide diffuses from the cells into the blood. Internal respiration is essential for providing oxygen to the cells for energy production and removing waste carbon dioxide from the body.

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  • 35. 

    Delivers blood to the right ventricle

    • Right atrium

    • Left atrium

    • Right ventricle

    • Left ventricle

    Correct Answer
    A. Right atrium
    Explanation
    The right atrium is responsible for receiving deoxygenated blood from the body and pumping it into the right ventricle. From there, the right ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs for oxygenation. Thus, the right atrium is the correct answer as it is the chamber that delivers blood to the right ventricle.

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  • 36. 

    What is the long cylindrical shaft of the bone?

    • Epiphysis

    • Diaphysis

    • Bony markings

    • Periosteum

    Correct Answer
    A. Diaphysis
    Explanation
    The long cylindrical shaft of a bone is called the diaphysis. This is the main portion of a long bone, located between the two ends known as the epiphyses. The diaphysis is composed of compact bone tissue and contains the medullary cavity, which is filled with bone marrow. It provides support and strength to the bone, allowing for movement and protection of internal organs. The diaphysis also plays a role in the production of red and white blood cells in the bone marrow.

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  • 37. 

    What is the process of orally taking materials into the body such as food, liquids, and oral medications?

    • Ingestion

    • Intake

    • Digestion

    • Absorption

    Correct Answer
    A. Ingestion
    Explanation
    Ingestion refers to the process of orally taking materials into the body such as food, liquids, and oral medications. It involves the act of consuming and swallowing these substances, allowing them to enter the digestive system for further processing. Ingestion is the initial step in the digestive process and is essential for providing the body with nutrients and energy.

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  • 38. 

    Respiration in which oxygen diffuses from the blood into the cells

    • External respiration

    • Internal respiration

    Correct Answer
    A. Internal respiration
    Explanation
    Internal respiration refers to the process of gas exchange that occurs within the cells of an organism. In this type of respiration, oxygen diffuses from the blood into the cells, while carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular respiration, diffuses out of the cells into the blood. This process is essential for providing oxygen to the cells and removing carbon dioxide, allowing for the production of energy through cellular respiration. External respiration, on the other hand, refers to the exchange of gases between the external environment and the respiratory system, such as the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the blood.

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  • 39. 

    The fibrous membrane covering bone that is the bone's life support system is called the intraosteum.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The fibrous membrane covering bone that is the bone's life support system is not called the intraosteum. The correct term for this fibrous membrane is the periosteum. The periosteum contains blood vessels, nerves, and cells that are essential for the bone's growth, repair, and nutrition. The intraosteum does not exist and is not a recognized term in anatomy. Therefore, the given statement is false.

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  • 40. 

    Olfaction refers to which sense?

    • Taste

    • Vision

    • Hearing

    • Smell

    Correct Answer
    A. Smell
    Explanation
    Olfaction refers to the sense of smell. It is the ability to detect and perceive odors in the environment. Unlike taste, which is the sense of detecting flavors through the tongue, olfaction specifically pertains to the detection of scents through the nose. Vision and hearing are unrelated to olfaction and refer to the senses of sight and sound, respectively.

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  • 41. 

    Muscle cell that is also known as voluntary muscle or striated

    • Smooth muscle

    • Skeletal muscle

    • Cardiac muscle

    Correct Answer
    A. Skeletal muscle
    Explanation
    Skeletal muscle is the correct answer because it is the type of muscle cell that is also known as voluntary muscle or striated. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and are responsible for voluntary movements of the body. They are called striated muscles because they have a striped appearance under a microscope due to the arrangement of their contractile proteins. Smooth muscle, on the other hand, is found in the walls of organs and blood vessels and is responsible for involuntary movements. Cardiac muscle is found in the heart and is also striated but is not considered voluntary.

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  • 42. 

    Receives blood from the right atrium

    • Right atrium

    • Left atrium

    • Right ventricle

    • Left ventricle

    Correct Answer
    A. Right ventricle
    Explanation
    The right ventricle receives blood from the right atrium. The atria are the upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from the body and lungs, while the ventricles are the lower chambers that pump blood out of the heart. In the case of the right ventricle, it receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary artery to be sent to the lungs for oxygenation.

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  • 43. 

    Circular movemnt created when a bone moves around its own central axis is called... 

    • Rotation

    • Protraction

    • Circumduction

    • Retraction

    Correct Answer
    A. Rotation
    Explanation
    Rotation is the correct answer because it refers to the circular movement created when a bone moves around its own central axis. This movement can be seen in joints such as the shoulder or hip, where the bone rotates in a circular motion. Protraction, circumduction, and retraction are all different types of movements but do not specifically refer to the circular movement around the central axis of a bone.

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  • 44. 

    What is a synonym for windpipe?

    • Trachea

    • Pharynx

    • Larynx

    • Epiglottis

    Correct Answer
    A. Trachea
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Trachea. The trachea is a tube-like structure that connects the larynx to the bronchi, allowing air to pass in and out of the lungs. It is commonly referred to as the windpipe due to its function of carrying air. The other options, pharynx, larynx, and epiglottis, are all parts of the respiratory system but do not specifically refer to the windpipe.

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  • 45. 

    Movements that mix and propel food through the alimentary canal are called...

    • Peristaltic

    • Dynamic

    • Tonic

    • Isometric

    Correct Answer
    A. Peristaltic
    Explanation
    Peristaltic movements refer to the contractions of the muscles in the alimentary canal that mix and propel food forward. These rhythmic contractions help to push the food along the digestive tract, allowing for proper digestion and absorption of nutrients. Dynamic, tonic, and isometric do not accurately describe the specific movements involved in the digestion process.

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  • 46. 

    What are the two ends of a long bone?

    • Epiphyses

    • Diaphyses

    • Surface markings

    • Periosteum

    Correct Answer
    A. Epiphyses
    Explanation
    The two ends of a long bone are called epiphyses. Epiphyses are the rounded, bulbous portions of the bone that articulate with other bones to form joints. They are covered with a layer of hyaline cartilage, which helps to reduce friction and absorb shock during movement. The epiphyses also contain spongy bone tissue, which is responsible for producing red blood cells. The other options listed, diaphyses, surface markings, and periosteum, are incorrect as they do not refer to the ends of a long bone.

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  • 47. 

    Which is a skeletal muscle's contractile unit?

    • Fasciculi

    • Sarcomere

    • Perimysium

    • Retinacula

    Correct Answer
    A. Sarcomere
    Explanation
    A skeletal muscle's contractile unit is called a sarcomere. It is the basic functional unit of a muscle and is responsible for muscle contraction. Sarcomeres are composed of thick and thin filaments that slide past each other during muscle contraction, resulting in the shortening of the muscle fiber. Fasciculi refers to a bundle of muscle fibers, perimysium is the connective tissue surrounding a fascicle, and retinacula are bands of connective tissue that hold tendons in place.

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  • 48. 

    What is the muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach by piercing the diaphragm?

    • Duodenum

    • Trachea

    • Esophagus

    • Ileum

    Correct Answer
    A. Esophagus
    Explanation
    The correct answer is the esophagus. The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx (throat) to the stomach. It passes through the diaphragm, a muscle that separates the chest and abdominal cavities. The esophagus is responsible for transporting food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach for digestion.

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  • 49. 

    Which portion of the colon continues from the cecum up the lower right abdomen?

    • Ascending colon

    • Sigmoid colon

    • Transverse colon

    • Descending colon

    Correct Answer
    A. Ascending colon
    Explanation
    The ascending colon is the portion of the colon that continues from the cecum up the lower right abdomen. It is responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes from the remaining indigestible food matter, forming feces.

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  • Sep 02, 2010
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