Quiz Ene2103 (22 April 2017)

Priority plant and animal species are identified based on their importance to the health of the planet and human survival. Species forming a key part of the food chain are crucial for maintaining the balance and functioning of ecosystems. Species essential for stabilizing or regenerating habitats play a vital role in preserving biodiversity and ensuring the sustainability of ecosystems. Species demonstrating broader conservation needs are those that are at risk or facing threats, and their conservation is necessary for maintaining biodiversity. Species vital to the health and livelihoods of local communities are important for the well-being and sustainable development of communities. Species with high commercial value are significant for economic reasons, while species deemed important cultural icons hold cultural and symbolic value.

The answer provided lists the RAMSAR sites in Malaysia. These sites are designated under the RAMSAR Convention, an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands. Tanjung Piai State Park, Tasek Bera, Pulau Kukup State Park, Lower Kinabatangan - Segama, Kuching Wetland National Park, and Sungai Pulai Wetland are all recognized RAMSAR sites in Malaysia.

The given list includes various state and national parks, as well as marine and wildlife reserves and sanctuaries in Malaysia. These protected areas are dedicated to conserving and preserving the country's natural habitats and biodiversity. They provide a safe haven for endangered species like orangutans and promote ecotourism. Visitors can explore the diverse ecosystems, including rainforests, mangroves, and marine environments, while learning about the importance of conservation. These parks and reserves also offer recreational activities like hiking, wildlife spotting, and birdwatching, allowing people to connect with nature and appreciate its beauty.

Human-wildlife conflict leads to several negative outcomes. These include crop damage, livestock depredation, and predation of managed wildlife stock. Additionally, the conflict can result in the collapse of wildlife populations and reduction of geographic ranges. Trophic cascades, which disrupt the balance of ecosystems, can also occur as a consequence. Furthermore, both humans and wildlife can suffer injury and loss of life. Lastly, human property can be damaged as a result of the conflict.

Malaysia is known for its rich biodiversity, being one of the 12 mega-diversity countries. It is estimated to have around 1,500 species of terrestrial vertebrates alone, making it a hotspot for wildlife. However, many of these species are under threat. The World Conservation Union (IUCN) has listed 14% of Malaysia's mammals as endangered. The answer options, Tiger, Orang Utan, Turtles, Elephant, and Rhino, are all iconic and endangered species found in Malaysia. These species serve as a reminder of the country's diverse wildlife and the need for conservation efforts to protect them.

The criteria chosen for eco-tourism are all focused on sustainability and responsible travel. Providing direct financial benefits for conservation helps support the preservation of natural resources and habitats. Building environmental awareness helps educate tourists about the importance of conservation and environmental protection. Minimizing impact ensures that tourism activities have minimal negative effects on the environment. Providing financial benefits and empowerment for local people promotes economic development and community involvement. Respecting local culture acknowledges the importance of preserving and celebrating local traditions and customs. Supporting human rights and democratic movements promotes social justice and equality. Involving travel to natural destinations encourages appreciation and preservation of natural beauty and biodiversity.

The wildlife carrying capacity refers to the maximum number of animals that a specific habitat or area can support without causing deterioration or degradation of that habitat. This means that if the number of animals exceeds this capacity, it can lead to negative impacts on the habitat, such as overgrazing, depletion of resources, and disruption of the ecosystem's balance. Therefore, it is important to manage and monitor the population of wildlife to ensure that it remains within the carrying capacity of the habitat.