Managing Project Qualtiy

A. A fishbone diagram is the same as an Ishikawa diagram. B, C, and D are
incorrect. These charts and diagrams accomplish goals other than the cause-
and-effect outcome of the Ishikawa.

A. QA is concerned with overall project quality performance. B, C, and D are
incorrect because they do not correctly explain quality assurance.

B. Training to meet the quality expectations is attributed to the cost of quality.
A, C, and D are incorrect because these choices do not describe training as a
cost of quality.

A. Checklists are simple but effective quality management tools that the project
manager can use to ensure that the project team is completing the required
work. B, C, and D are all incorrect. The WBS, PND, and WBS dictionary are not
tools the project team can necessarily use to prove they’ve completed required
work. Checklists are the best approach for this scenario.

C. The key words “cause and effect” equate to the Ishikawa diagram. A is
incorrect. A flowchart will show how a process moves through the system,
but not the cause and effect of the problems involved. B is incorrect as well. A
Pareto diagram maps out the causes and frequency of problems. D, a control
chart, plots the results of sampling, but it doesn’t show the cause and effect of
problems.

A. Quality planning is the process of creating a plan to meet the requirements
of quality. B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not explain the process in
the question’s scenario.

16. A project manager has elected not to enforce safety measures on his construction
project. One of the project team members has been injured because of this
oversight, and the job site is closed until an investigation into the lack of
safety measures is completed. The project will now likely be late, be fined for
the error, and will lose credibility with the customer. This is an example of
which one of the following?
B. This is an example of benchmarking, as the project team is comparing
one system to another. A, the cost-benefit analysis, would compare the costs
and associated benefits of each system, rather than just how the two systems
compare with each other. C, the design of experiments, is a method that
determines which factors influence the variables of the project’s deliverable.
D is not a valid answer, as the cost of quality is the dollar amount the project
must invest to achieve the expected level of quality.

C. Quality, in regard to the project scope, is about completing the work
as promised. A is incorrect because though the project scope will have
requirements for acceptance, it may not have metrics for quality defined.
B and D are also incorrect.

C. When project work results are faulty and must be done over, it is attributed
to the cost of nonconformance to quality. A, B, and D are all incorrect. These
values do not describe faulty work or the cost of nonconformance.

D. This is an example of a quality audit to confirm that your project is adhering
to the quality assurance program established within your organization. A and B
are incorrect choices for this question. C, enterprise environmental factors, may
be a valid characteristic of the total quality management program, but it is not
the best answer for the question, which centers on the audit process rather than
on how the audit will be performed.

C. Of all the choices presented, this is the best answer. Quality is planned into
the project, and the planning requires time. A is incorrect because a project of this nature has been completed before. B is incorrect because there isn’t
enough information provided to determine what the quality demands of the
project are. D is incorrect because quality audits are not part of the planning
processes.

A. Quality planning should be completed prior to the work beginning—and
should thereafter be revisited as needed. B is incorrect, since quality management
is not an applicable answer to the scenario. C and D are incorrect because QC
and QA are part of quality management.

C. Design of experiments uses experiments and “what-if” scenarios to determine
what variables are affecting quality. A is incorrect because design of experiments,
in regard to quality, is not interested in changing the relationship of activities to
complete project work. B and D are also incorrect because design of experiments
will not be changing project design to determine where flaws exist or to become
more productive.

C. Management wants Mark to create a Pareto diagram. Recall that a Pareto
diagram maps out the causes of defects and illustrates their frequency. A is
incorrect because a control chart does not identify the problems, only the
relation of the results to the expected mean. B is incorrect because a cause-
and-effect diagram does not map out the frequency of problems. D is also
incorrect. Flowcharts show how a process moves through a system and how
the components are related.

D. Quality is prevention driven. Quality wants to complete the work correctly
the first time to prevent poor results, a loss of time, and a loss of funds. A
and B are incorrect. There is no guarantee that a project will cost more or less
depending on the amount of expected quality. Incidentally, lack of quality will
likely cost more than quality planning because of the cost of nonconformance.
C is incorrect because quality is planned into a project, not inspected in.

A. The circled area shows
out-of-control data points.
B is incorrect, as “in-control
data points” does not best
answer the question. C is
incorrect, as the Rule of
Seven refers to seven consecutive measurements, all on one side of the mean.
D is incorrect, since standard deviation is a predicted measure of the variance
from the expected mean of a sampling.

C. This is an example of the cost of poor quality. The project manager should
have followed the safety measures for the job site, and costs associated with
the safety measures are considered part of D, the cost of quality. A is incorrect
because risk is inherent to application work, while the ramifications of not
enforcing the safety measures is an example of the cost of poor quality. B,
trigger, is a risk management term that references a condition or warning sign
that a risk is coming into the project.

C. The circled area shows seven consecutive sampling results, all on one side
of the mean. This is known as the Rule of Seven and is an assignable cause.
A is incorrect. These values are in control. B is correct, but it does not fully
answer the question as choice C does. D is incorrect, since standard deviation
is a predicted measure of the variance from the expected mean of a sampling.

C. You want to create a Pareto diagram. A is incorrect because a control chart
does not identify the problems, only the relation of the results to the expected
mean. B is incorrect because a cause-and-effect diagram does not map out the
frequency of problems. D is also incorrect. Flowcharts show how a process
moves through a system and how the components are related.

A. This is a Pareto diagram.
B is incorrect, as a control
chart shows the results
of measurements over
time. C and D are both
incorrect, as a fishbone
diagram and an Ishikawa
diagram are essentially the
same type of chart.