1.
During patient admission, when is assessment done to see if the patient is at risk of having or the patient has pressure ulcer already?
Correct Answer
A. As soon as possible
Explanation
Assessment for pressure ulcers should be done as soon as possible during patient admission to identify if the patient is at risk of developing pressure ulcers or if they already have existing pressure ulcers. Early assessment allows for timely intervention and prevention strategies to be implemented, reducing the risk of further complications. Delaying the assessment could lead to the development or worsening of pressure ulcers, causing harm to the patient. Therefore, it is crucial to assess the patient as soon as possible to ensure their safety and well-being.
2.
Pressure ulcers present a very real problem in almost all healthcare settings, so it is important that nurses are equipped to prevent and identify the condition.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The statement is true because pressure ulcers are a common issue in healthcare settings and can cause significant harm to patients. Nurses play a crucial role in preventing and identifying pressure ulcers by implementing appropriate interventions such as regular repositioning, using specialized support surfaces, and conducting thorough assessments. By being equipped with the knowledge and skills to prevent and identify pressure ulcers, nurses can effectively contribute to the overall well-being and safety of their patients.
3.
This is defined as "An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage."
Correct Answer
Pain
Explanation
Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that is linked to actual or potential tissue damage. It can also be described in terms of such damage. Pain is a complex phenomenon that involves both physical and emotional components. It serves as a warning signal for the body, indicating that something is wrong or damaged. Pain can vary in intensity and duration, and it can be acute or chronic. It is a subjective experience, as individuals may perceive and describe pain differently.
4.
A patient received an intravenous pain medication, as a nurse you should re-assess pain level and effectiveness of medication after how many minutes after administration?
Correct Answer
C. 15 minutes
Explanation
After receiving an intravenous pain medication, it is important for a nurse to re-assess the patient's pain level and the effectiveness of the medication. This should be done after 15 minutes because it allows enough time for the medication to take effect and for the patient to experience its maximum pain-relieving benefits. Assessing the pain level and effectiveness after this time frame helps the nurse determine if any adjustments or further interventions are necessary to ensure the patient's comfort and well-being.
5.
Conversion: Convert the given value to the desired unit of measurement. (No need to write the unit of measurement, just the answer. Example. 0.07)500 microgram = ____________ grams
Correct Answer
0.0005
Explanation
The given value is 500 micrograms, and the desired unit of measurement is grams. To convert micrograms to grams, we divide the value by 1,000,000 (since there are 1,000,000 micrograms in a gram). Therefore, 500 micrograms is equal to 0.0005 grams.
6.
Conversion: Convert the given value to the desired unit of measurement. (No need to write the unit of measurement, just the answer. Example. 0.07) (Answers should be separated with comma)10 milligrams = ____________ mcg
Correct Answer
10,000
Explanation
The given question asks to convert 10 milligrams to micrograms. To convert milligrams to micrograms, we multiply the value by 1000. Therefore, 10 milligrams is equal to 10,000 micrograms.
7.
Conversion: Convert the given value to the desired unit of measurement. (No need to write the unit of measurement, just the answer. Example. 0.07) (Answers should be separated with comma if necessary)0.81 Liters = ______mL
Correct Answer
810
Explanation
The correct answer is 810. To convert liters to milliliters, you need to multiply the given value by 1000. Therefore, 0.81 liters is equal to 810 milliliters.
8.
Conversion: Convert the given value to the desired unit of measurement. (No need to write the unit of measurement, just the answer. Example. 0.07) (Do not round off) (Write your answer in three decimal places) 35 milligrams = ____________gram
Correct Answer
0.035
Explanation
The given value is 35 milligrams, and the desired unit of measurement is grams. To convert milligrams to grams, we divide the value by 1000. Therefore, 35 milligrams is equal to 0.035 grams.
9.
Conversion: Convert the given value to the desired unit of measurement. (No need to write the unit of measurement, just the answer. Example. 0.07) (Separate answer/s with comma)0.12 gram = ___________mcg
Correct Answer
120,000
Explanation
The given value of 0.12 gram needs to be converted to micrograms. To convert grams to micrograms, we multiply the value by 1,000,000. Therefore, 0.12 gram is equal to 120,000 micrograms.
10.
Conversion: Convert the given value to the desired unit of measurement. (No need to write the unit of measurement, just the answer. Example. 0.07) (Round of the answer to two decimal place)16 kilograms = _____________lbs
Correct Answer
35.27
Explanation
The given value is 16 kilograms. To convert kilograms to pounds, we need to multiply the value by the conversion factor, which is 2.20462. Therefore, 16 kilograms is equal to 35.27 pounds.
11.
Conversion: Convert the given value to the desired unit of measurement. (No need to write the label, just the answer. Example. 0.07) (Do not round off)280 milliters =_______________ L
Correct Answer
0.28
Explanation
The given value is 280 milliliters, and we are asked to convert it to liters. To convert milliliters to liters, we divide the value by 1000. Therefore, 280 milliliters is equal to 0.28 liters.
12.
Conversion: Convert the given value to the desired unit of measurement. (No need to write the unit of measurement, just the answer. Example. 0.07)0.4 kilograms = ___________grams
Correct Answer
400
Explanation
The question asks to convert 0.4 kilograms to grams. Since there are 1000 grams in a kilogram, we can multiply 0.4 by 1000 to find the equivalent value in grams. Therefore, the correct answer is 400 grams.
13.
Conversion: Convert the given value to the desired unit of measurement. (No need to write the unit of measurement, just the answer. Example. 0.07) (Answer should be written in two decimal places)0.0028 grains =___________ mg
Correct Answer
0.18
14.
Conversion: Convert the given value to the desired unit of measurement. (No need to write the unit of measurement, just the answer. Example. 0.07) (Write your answer in two decimal places)100,000 mcg = ________ grams
Correct Answer
0.10
Explanation
To convert from micrograms (mcg) to grams, we need to divide the given value by 1,000,000. Therefore, 100,000 mcg is equal to 0.10 grams.
15.
Computation: Compute the given value to the desired unit of measurement. (No need to write the unit of measurement, just the answer. Example. 0.07) (Answer should be written in one decimal place)RN Jacky is taking care of Mrs. Clay who complains of nausea. The physician ordered Compazine 2.5 mg per orem, three times a day is ordered. The stock dose is at 5mg per 5mL. How many mL will the nurse administer? Formula:Desired Dose/Stocked Dose x Quantity
Correct Answer
2.5
Explanation
The nurse will administer 2.5 mL.
16.
Computation: Compute the given value to the desired unit of measurement. (No need to write the unit of measurement, just the answer. Example. 0.07)Your patient receives Potassium Chloride solution 80 mEqs per orem four times a day for Hypokalemia. How many milliliters will you administer if the available stock is at 40-mEq/15 mLFormula:Desired Dose/ Stocked Dose x Quantity
Correct Answer
30
Explanation
The desired dose is 80 mEqs per orem, and the stocked dose is 40 mEqs per 15 mL. To find the quantity to administer, we can use the formula: Desired Dose/ Stocked Dose x Quantity. Plugging in the values, we get 80 mEqs/40 mEqs x 15 mL = 30 mL. Therefore, you will administer 30 milliliters.
17.
RN RJ is about to change the intravenous fluid of patient 1658 Osmon. Identify the appropriate osmolality of 5% Dextrose in Water?
Correct Answer
A. Isotonic
Explanation
A 5% Dextrose in Water solution is isotonic because it has the same osmolality as the body's cells and fluids. Isotonic solutions have the same concentration of solutes as the cells, which means they do not cause any net movement of water into or out of the cells. This makes them suitable for maintaining fluid balance and preventing cell damage.
18.
Computation: Compute the given value to the desired unit of measurement. (No need to write the unit of measurement, just the answer. Example. 0.07) (Write your answer in two decimal places)An Intravenous fluid of 700 ml, 0.5% NSS is to be infused for 6 hours. Compute for the drops/ minutes. Drop factor is 15 drops.Formula:drops/min= volume to be infuse drop factor ------------------------ x ---------------- no. of hours 60
Correct Answer
29.17
Explanation
The drops/minute can be calculated using the formula provided. By substituting the given values into the formula, we can find that the drops/minute is equal to 29.17.
19.
Computation: Compute the given value to the desired unit of measurement. (No need to write the label, just the answer. Example. 0.07) (Write your answer in two decimal places)The doctor's order was to start 400mg Dopamine in 250ml of D5W to run initially at 8ml/hr. The patient's weight is 126lb. Compute for the mcg/kg/min to check if the patient is receiving the therapeutic dose.Stock Dose:200mg/5mlDrop Factor:15Formula:Drop factor= dose in mg x 1000 ------------------------ IV diluent x 60mcg/kg/min = gtt factor X ml/hr ----------------------- weight in kg
Correct Answer
3.58
Explanation
The answer of 3.58 is obtained by substituting the given values into the formula provided. The stock dose of Dopamine is 200mg/5ml, so the dose in mg is 400mg. The IV diluent is 250ml. The drop factor is 15. The patient's weight is 126lb, which needs to be converted to kg. Finally, the ml/hr is given as 8ml/hr. By plugging these values into the formula, we can calculate the mcg/kg/min.
20.
Computation: Compute the given value to the desired unit of measurement. (No need to write the unit of measurement, just the answer. Example. 0.07) (Write your answer in two decimal places)A patient with deep vein thrombosis has an order of Heparin 800 units/ hr. The concentration is heparin 50, 000 units in 500ml of D5W. How many ml/ hour should the IV pump be programmed for? Stock Dose:Heparin: 5,000 units/ 5mlFormula:ml/hr= units/hour x IV diluent ---------------------------- Total units of Heparin
Correct Answer
8.80
Explanation
The IV pump should be programmed for 8.80 ml/hour. This calculation is based on the formula ml/hr = units/hour x IV diluent / Total units of Heparin. In this case, the units/hour is 800 units, the IV diluent is 500 ml, and the total units of Heparin is 50,000 units. Plugging these values into the formula gives us ml/hr = 800 units/hour x 500 ml / 50,000 units, which simplifies to ml/hr = 8.80.
21.
Computation: Compute the given value to the desired unit of measurement. (No need to write the unit of measurement, just the answer. Example. 0.07) (Write your answer in two decimal places)A patient has an order for Dobutamine at 7mcg/kg/min. The concentration is Dobutamine 500mg in 200ml of D5W. THe patient weight is 55kg. How many ml/hr should the IV pump be programmed for?Formula:gtt factor= dose in mg x 1000 ----------------------- IV diluent x 60ml/hr= mcg/kg/min x weight in kg ---------------------------------- drop factor
Correct Answer
9.70
Explanation
The IV pump should be programmed for 9.70 ml/hr. This is calculated using the given formula, where the dose in mg is 500mg (from the concentration of Dobutamine), the IV diluent is 200ml (from the concentration of D5W), the mcg/kg/min is 7mcg/kg/min (from the patient's order), the weight in kg is 55kg (from the patient's weight), and the drop factor is not provided. By substituting these values into the formula, we can calculate the ml/hr, which is 9.70.
22.
Nurse Hazel is assigned at 7th Wing, she is currently reviewing her patient assignment before preparing the medications, having in mind that validation of two patient identifiers is important, she should validate patient identifiers before every procedure (Select all situations that requires validation of 2 patient identifiers).
Correct Answer(s)
A. Whenever the patient receives diet or snack in the patient room
B. Any specimen collection- The specimen containers are immediately labeled at the time of collection and in the presence of the patient.
C. For reporting of critical test results or taking telepHone orders
D. Prior to administering medications, blood and blood product
Explanation
The correct answer includes situations where validation of two patient identifiers is important. This includes whenever the patient receives diet or snack in the patient room, any specimen collection where the containers are labeled in the presence of the patient, reporting of critical test results or taking telephone orders, and prior to administering medications, blood, and blood products. In all these situations, validating patient identifiers ensures that the correct procedures are being performed on the correct patient, reducing the risk of errors and ensuring patient safety.
23.
What is this manner/ method that bridges the gap in hand-off communication through a standardized approach to patient reporting at shift changes and during patient transfers? (Acronymn Only)
Correct Answer(s)
ISBAR
Explanation
ISBAR is an acronym that stands for Introduction, Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation. It is a standardized approach to patient reporting at shift changes and during patient transfers. This method helps bridge the gap in hand-off communication by providing a structured framework for healthcare professionals to effectively communicate important information about the patient's condition, treatment plan, and any potential concerns or recommendations. By following the ISBAR format, healthcare providers can ensure clear and concise communication, reducing the risk of errors or misunderstandings during hand-offs.
24.
_________________ is an urgent test whose results are determined by the medical staff, medical technologist(s), radiologist(s), or other diagnostician as critical to the patient's subsequent treatment decisions
Correct Answer(s)
Critical Test
Explanation
A critical test is an urgent test that is deemed essential by medical professionals such as medical staff, medical technologists, radiologists, or other diagnosticians. The results of this test are crucial in determining the subsequent treatment decisions for the patient.
25.
_________________ are drugs that pose a heightened risk of causing significant patient harm when they are used in error. (Acronym Only)
Correct Answer(s)
HAM
Explanation
HAM stands for High-Alert Medications. These medications have been identified as having a high risk of causing significant harm to patients if they are used incorrectly. They require extra caution and careful monitoring to ensure patient safety.
26.
What is this checklist in the Operative Services that helps ensure that teams consistently follow a few critical safety steps and thereby minimize the most common and avoidable risks endangering the lives and well-being of surgical patients.
Correct Answer(s)
Surgical Safety Checklist
Explanation
The Surgical Safety Checklist is a tool used in Operative Services to ensure that teams consistently follow critical safety steps during surgical procedures. It helps minimize common and avoidable risks that can endanger the lives and well-being of surgical patients. The checklist serves as a reminder for the team to complete important tasks and procedures before, during, and after surgery, such as verifying patient information, confirming the correct surgical site, and checking for any potential complications. By using the Surgical Safety Checklist, teams can improve patient safety and reduce the likelihood of errors or adverse events during surgery.
27.
Patient Jane of room 1728 is scheduled for Mastectomy, Right Breast under the service of Dr. Pastores, tomorrow, November 18, 2016. As a nurse with knowledge regarding the International Patient Safety Goals of JCI, this procedure should be done by the physician prior the surgery to avoid wrong surgical site procedure. (This is done in case of laterality (left or right distinction) prior operation)
Correct Answer(s)
Surgical Site Marking
28.
This is defined as a sudden, uncontrolled, unintentional, downward displacement of the body to the ground or other object, excluding falls resulting from violent blows or other purposeful actions.
Correct Answer
A. Fall
Explanation
A fall is described as an abrupt and involuntary descent of the body to the ground or any surface, excluding falls caused by intentional actions or forceful impacts. It refers to an accidental loss of balance or stability that leads to a person coming into contact with the ground or another object. Falls can occur due to various factors such as tripping, slipping, or loss of consciousness.
29.
RN May is about to tap out her ID at the Blood Bank Proximeter, when suddenly a patient riding the escalator fell. Aside from doing first aid measures, she should call what local number to report the incident? (No need to write the word "Local")
Correct Answer
1000
Explanation
The correct number to call to report the incident is 1000.
30.
RN Jan is receiving patient post-operatively, given the knowledge regarding prevention of fall, RN Jan should notify the Physician, Nurse Manager, and Charge Nurse promptly regarding what aspects (select all possible answers)
Correct Answer(s)
A. Changes in sensorium
B. Increase in level of risk: previously "Low Risk" changed to "High Fall- Injury Risk"
Explanation
RN Jan should notify the Physician, Nurse Manager, and Charge Nurse promptly regarding changes in sensorium and an increase in the level of risk from "Low Risk" to "High Fall-Injury Risk". These changes can indicate a potential fall risk and require immediate attention and intervention to prevent any harm to the patient. The event of vomiting and series of itchiness may also be important to monitor, but they are not specifically related to fall prevention.
31.
Which of the following is not included as universal fall precautionary measure?
Correct Answer
C. Re-orient patient to surroundings
32.
This is a skin lesion caused by unrelieved pressure resulting in damage of the underlying tissue. They affect mobility, nutritional intake, elimination, and the psychological well being of the patients. (Joint Commission International) (Write the latest term being used) (PU and BU are already obsolete terms)
Correct Answer
Pressure Injury
Explanation
Pressure injury is the correct answer because it is a skin lesion caused by unrelieved pressure that damages the underlying tissue. This type of injury can have significant effects on the patient's mobility, nutritional intake, elimination, and psychological well-being. The term "pressure injury" is the latest term being used to describe this condition, as the previously used terms "PU" (pressure ulcer) and "BU" (bedsore) are now considered obsolete.
33.
Nurse Aubrey is doing her patient rounds, when a relative of the patient ask her regarding pain management aside from medications. As a nurse, you know that the following are examples of Physical Non- Pharmacologic management for pain, except?
Correct Answer
D. Analgesics
Explanation
Physical non-pharmacologic management for pain refers to techniques or interventions that do not involve the use of medications. Massage and acupuncture are examples of physical non-pharmacologic pain management techniques that can help alleviate pain. Surgery, on the other hand, is a medical intervention that may be necessary for certain conditions but is not considered a physical non-pharmacologic pain management technique. Analgesics, such as pain medications, are pharmacologic interventions and not physical non-pharmacologic management for pain. Therefore, the correct answer is Analgesics.
34.
RN Brilly is doing handwashing after touching the patient, when suddenly he was reminded regarding the 5 moments of hand hygiene. All but one is not included in the 5 moments?
Correct Answer
C. After Aseptic Technique
Explanation
The 5 moments of hand hygiene are specific times when healthcare workers should perform hand hygiene to prevent the spread of infection. These moments include before touching a patient, before clean or aseptic technique, after body fluid exposure, after touching a patient, and after touching patient surroundings. The one moment that is not included in the 5 moments is "After Aseptic Technique." This means that hand hygiene is not specifically required after performing aseptic techniques, as they are already considered to be a sterile procedure.
35.
Patient Alfonso, an 89 year old Chinese male, is admitted at Makati Medical Center's Medical Intensive Care Unit with the following diagnosis, Community Acquired Pneumonia, Spinal Cord Injury and Diabetes Mellitus. Patient is bed bound and needs assistance for his activities of daily living. RN Judith decided to turn the patient 2 hours after feeding, upon turning RN Judith saw a non blanchable redness over the right gluteal area. As a nurse with basic knowledge regarding Pressure Injury, what stage is the patient experiencing at the moment?
Correct Answer
B. Stage 1
Explanation
The patient is experiencing Stage 1 pressure injury. Stage 1 pressure injuries are characterized by non-blanchable redness over a localized area of intact skin. This indicates that the skin is damaged and there is a risk for further progression of the injury if not properly managed.
36.
Patient Camille, is admitted at 7th Front, Room 1701, she was diagnosed with comminuted fracture on right tibia. She is currently experience severe pain, with pain score of 8/10. The doctor ordered Etoricoxib (Arcoxia) 120mg/ tablet, once a day per orem and Paracetamol (Naprex) 300mg/ 2ml intravenously every 4 hours. As a nurse with the basic knowledge about pain, what type of pain mechanism is Patient Camille experiencing?
Correct Answer
D. Nociceptive Pain
Explanation
The patient's severe pain and the fact that she has a comminuted fracture on her right tibia suggest that she is experiencing nociceptive pain. Nociceptive pain is caused by the activation of nociceptors, which are sensory receptors that respond to potentially damaging stimuli. In this case, the fracture would be the source of the pain, and the severity of the pain indicates that it is nociceptive in nature. Neuropathic pain is caused by damage or dysfunction of the nervous system, which is not mentioned in the scenario. Moderate and severe pain are not specific mechanisms of pain, but rather descriptions of the intensity of the pain.
37.
This tool is being used every after fall while inside the hospital, and he/she will be systematically evaluated to determine the presence of injury and the cause of the fall?
Correct Answer
A. Post Fall Huddle Tool
Explanation
The given correct answer is "Post Fall Huddle Tool". This tool is used after a fall occurs while inside the hospital. It is used to systematically evaluate the patient to determine if there is any injury and to identify the cause of the fall. The tool likely involves a huddle or meeting where healthcare professionals discuss the fall incident, gather information, and develop a plan for further evaluation and prevention.
38.
In this phase of surgery that each surgical team member introduces self by name and role.
Correct Answer
Time Out
Explanation
During the "Time Out" phase of surgery, each member of the surgical team introduces themselves by stating their name and role. This is done to ensure clear communication and to establish a sense of teamwork and accountability among the team members. By knowing who is who and what their responsibilities are, potential errors or misunderstandings can be minimized, ultimately enhancing patient safety during the surgical procedure.
39.
RN Christine is about to verify the her patient prior giving medication. According to Joint Commission International Standards, which of the following is included in the 2 patient identifiers
Correct Answer
B. Complete Name with Middle Name and Date of Birth
Explanation
According to Joint Commission International Standards, the 2 patient identifiers include the complete name with middle name and date of birth. This means that when verifying a patient's identity prior to giving medication, RN Christine should ensure that the patient's complete name, including their middle name, matches the name on their identification, and also confirm their date of birth. This helps to ensure that the correct medication is being given to the right patient, reducing the risk of medication errors and patient harm.
40.
All but one is not included as an extrinsic factor that contributes to Pressure Injury formation.
Correct Answer
D. Nutrition
Explanation
Nutrition is not included as an extrinsic factor that contributes to Pressure Injury formation. Pressure injuries are caused by sustained pressure on the skin, which leads to reduced blood flow and tissue damage. Extrinsic factors like shear, friction, and moisture can further contribute to the development of pressure injuries. However, nutrition does not directly contribute to the formation of pressure injuries, although it plays a crucial role in overall skin health and wound healing.