Mahogany 2 4th Quarter Exam In Science 10

When a balloon is filled with warm air, the molecules inside the balloon move faster and spread out, causing the balloon to expand. However, when the balloon is placed in a refrigerator, the temperature decreases, causing the molecules inside the balloon to slow down and come closer together. As a result, the balloon will shrink in size or get smaller.

The compound shown in the question is an example of an amino acid. Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both an amino group and a carboxyl group. They are the building blocks of proteins and are essential for various biological processes in the body. Amino acids are characterized by having a central carbon atom bonded to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a side chain or R group that varies among different amino acids. The compound shown in the question exhibits these characteristics, indicating that it is an amino acid.

When the hot plate is turned on, the temperature of the gas molecules increases. As the temperature increases, the gas molecules gain more kinetic energy and move faster. This increased movement causes the gas molecules to collide more frequently and with greater force against the piston and the walls of the cylinder. The increased collisions exert a greater pressure on the piston, causing it to move upwards and increasing the volume of the gas. Therefore, the correct answer is that the volume increases.

Gay-Lussac's Law, also known as the pressure-temperature law, explains the mechanism of a pressure cooker. According to this law, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature, provided the volume and amount of gas remain constant. In a pressure cooker, as the temperature is increased, the pressure inside the cooker also increases. This increase in pressure raises the boiling point of water, allowing it to cook food at higher temperatures and speeds up the cooking process. Therefore, Gay-Lussac's Law is the most appropriate explanation for the mechanism of a pressure cooker.

As temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the gas molecules also increases. This causes the gas molecules to move faster and collide more frequently with the walls of the container. The increased frequency of collisions leads to an increase in pressure, which in turn causes the volume of the gas to increase. Therefore, as the temperature increases from 100 K to 150 K, the volume of the gas sample will also increase.

Jacques Charles studied the relationship between the volume and temperature of gas at constant pressure. This relationship is known as Charles's Law, which states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature when the pressure is held constant. Charles conducted experiments in the late 18th century to establish this relationship, and his findings contributed to the development of the gas laws in chemistry.

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Inflating balloons involves the application of gas pressure. When we blow air into a balloon, the gas molecules inside the balloon collide with the walls of the balloon, exerting pressure on them. This pressure causes the balloon to expand and inflate.

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Cellulose is a polysaccharide because it is a complex carbohydrate made up of multiple glucose molecules bonded together. Polysaccharides are large molecules composed of repeating units of simple sugars, and cellulose fits this description. Fructose, glucose, and lactose are all monosaccharides or disaccharides, not polysaccharides.

As the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the gas molecules also increases. This leads to an increase in the frequency and force of their collisions with the walls of the container. Consequently, the pressure exerted by the gas on the container walls increases. Therefore, the correct answer is that the pressure increases.

At constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature. This relationship is described by the ideal gas law equation, PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin. Therefore, if the temperature increases, the volume of the gas sample will also increase. Since the question states that the temperature is 150 K, the volume of the gas sample will be 3 L.

The law of conservation of mass states that in a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed. This means that the total mass of the reactants must be equal to the total mass of the products. This law ensures that a chemical reaction is balanced, as the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the reaction equation remains the same. Therefore, the law of conservation of mass is the correct answer as it conforms to a balanced chemical reaction.

When the temperature of a gas is held constant, the volume of the gas is directly proportional to its temperature. In this case, the initial volume of the helium balloon is 15 L at 400 K. If the temperature is increased to 600 K while keeping the pressure constant, the volume of the balloon will also increase. Since the volume is directly proportional to the temperature, the new volume can be calculated using the equation:

V1/T1 = V2/T2

where V1 is the initial volume, T1 is the initial temperature, V2 is the final volume, and T2 is the final temperature.

Plugging in the values, we get:

15/400 = V2/600

Solving for V2, we find:

V2 = (15/400) * 600 = 22.5 L

Therefore, the volume of the helium balloon will be 22.5 L when the temperature is increased to 600 K.

By putting a balloon on a balance before and after filling it with air, you can observe the change in weight. Since gases have negligible mass, the weight of the balloon should remain relatively unchanged before and after filling it with air. This can be proven through the equation of mass, where the mass of the gas inside the balloon is so small compared to the mass of the balloon itself that it can be considered negligible. Therefore, the change in weight of the balloon will be minimal, supporting the claim that gases have negligible mass.

Rubidium is the most reactive metal among the options given. It belongs to the alkali metal group, which is known for its high reactivity due to having only one valence electron. Rubidium readily reacts with water and air, forming oxides and hydroxides. It is highly reactive because it easily loses its valence electron to achieve a stable electron configuration. Copper, strontium, and vanadium are relatively less reactive compared to rubidium.

When the hot plate is turned on, the temperature of the gas inside the piston will increase. According to the ideal gas law, an increase in temperature leads to an increase in pressure, assuming the volume and the number of gas molecules remain constant. Therefore, the pressure of the gas will increase.

The correct balanced chemical equation for the production of sulfuric acid is SO3 + H2O -> H2SO4. This equation shows that one molecule of sulfur trioxide (SO3) reacts with one molecule of water (H2O) to produce one molecule of sulfuric acid (H2SO4).

The factor that affects the spoilage of milk is temperature. In hot summer days, the temperature is higher, which speeds up the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms in milk, leading to its spoilage. Higher temperatures provide a more favorable environment for the growth of these microorganisms, causing milk to become sour more quickly.

Lactose sugar is formed by the combination of glucose and galactose.

The balanced equation for the combustion of butane is 2C4H10 + 13O2 -> 8CO2 + 10H2O. This equation shows that when two molecules of butane react with 13 molecules of oxygen, it produces 8 molecules of carbon dioxide and 10 molecules of water. This balanced equation follows the law of conservation of mass, where the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation.

The line graph shows that as pressure increases, volume decreases. This indicates an inverse relationship between pressure and volume, meaning that as one variable increases, the other variable decreases. Therefore, it can be inferred that volume is inversely proportional to pressure.

Sucrose is a disaccharide because it is made up of two monosaccharides, glucose and fructose, bonded together. Disaccharides are carbohydrates composed of two sugar molecules joined by a glycosidic bond. Fructose, galactose, and glucose are all monosaccharides, meaning they consist of a single sugar molecule.

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and they play a crucial role in the synthesis and repair of tissues in the body. They are used to make skin, hair, enzymes, and muscles, among other essential components. Amino acids are not involved in the production of fatty acids, vitamins, or quick energy.

When the pressure of a confined gas increases while the temperature is kept constant, the volume of the gas decreases. This is known as Boyle's Law, which states that there is an inverse relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas when the temperature remains constant. As the pressure increases, the gas molecules are forced closer together, resulting in a decrease in volume.

When sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution and copper sulfate (CuSO4) are combined, a precipitate will form. This is because sodium hydroxide and copper sulfate react to form insoluble copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)2) which appears as a solid precipitate.

The correct answer is "gas can be compressed." This property of gas is best described when a gas tank is filled and more gases can still be added. This means that the gas molecules in the tank can be compressed closer together, allowing more gas to be added.

When the volume of a gas sample is increased while keeping the temperature constant, the pressure of the gas decreases. This is known as Boyle's Law. In this case, the initial volume is 125 mL and the final volume is 250 mL. Since the volume is doubled, the pressure will be halved. Therefore, the new pressure will be 720 torr / 2 = 360 torr.

The correct answer is 2KClO3(s) -> 2KCl(s) + 3O2↑. This equation represents the given reaction because it shows that when two moles of potassium chlorate are heated, it produces two moles of potassium chloride and three moles of oxygen gas. The coefficients in the equation represent the stoichiometry of the reaction, indicating the relative amounts of each substance involved.

Increasing the temperature would increase the rate of the reaction because higher temperatures provide more kinetic energy to the particles, causing them to move faster and collide more frequently, leading to a higher rate of successful collisions. Using smaller marble chips would also increase the rate of the reaction because smaller particles have a larger surface area, providing more opportunities for collisions with the acid particles.

The correct answer is 4 mole. The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas present, assuming the temperature and volume are constant. Therefore, the container with 4 moles of gas will have the highest pressure compared to the containers with fewer moles of gas.

Potato is a major source of carbohydrates because it is a starchy vegetable that contains a high amount of complex carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are the body's main source of energy, and potatoes are an excellent source of this nutrient. They are also rich in fiber, vitamins, and minerals. While fruits like apple and vegetables also contain carbohydrates, potato is specifically known for its high carbohydrate content. Milk, on the other hand, is not a significant source of carbohydrates as it primarily contains protein and fat.

The given reaction involves the breakdown of a compound, potassium chlorate (KClO3), into two simpler substances, potassium chloride (KCl) and oxygen gas (O2), when heated. This type of reaction is known as decomposition, where a compound breaks down into its constituent elements or simpler compounds.

When substances undergo chemical reactions, new substances are formed with a different set of properties than that of the reactants. This is because chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms and the formation of new chemical bonds, leading to the creation of different substances with unique properties.

Increasing both temperature and pressure can increase the yield of ammonia because the reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia is exothermic. According to Le Chatelier's principle, increasing the temperature will shift the equilibrium towards the products side, increasing the yield of ammonia. Additionally, increasing the pressure will also shift the equilibrium towards the products side, further increasing the yield of ammonia. Therefore, both high temperature and pressure conditions can increase the yield of ammonia.

Hydrolysis is the process of breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones by adding water. In the case of digesting a complex carbohydrate, water is added to break the bonds between the sugar molecules, resulting in the production of simple sugars. This process is essential for the body to extract energy from carbohydrates and is carried out by enzymes in the digestive system.

Nitrogen is found in proteins and nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, but not in carbohydrates, fats, and oils. Proteins are made up of amino acids, which contain nitrogen, and nucleic acids contain nitrogenous bases. Carbohydrates, fats, and oils primarily consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Therefore, nitrogen is the element that is found in proteins and nucleic acids but not in carbohydrates, fats, and oils.

The curdling of milk is a chemical change that occurs when proteins in the milk denature and coagulate, forming a solid substance called a precipitate. This process is not related to the evolution of gas, change in temperature, or production of heat and light. Therefore, the formation of precipitate is the most appropriate evidence of chemical change to explain the curdling of milk.

The graph shows that as both the pressure and temperature increase, the percentage of ammonia that can be made from the mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen also increases. This indicates that higher pressures and temperatures favor the production of ammonia.

When the volume of a gas sample is increased at constant temperature, according to Boyle's Law, the pressure of the gas decreases. Boyle's Law states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume when the temperature is held constant. In this case, the volume is increased from 100 mL to 150 mL, which means the pressure will decrease. The new pressure can be calculated using the equation P1V1 = P2V2, where P1 and V1 are the initial pressure and volume, and P2 and V2 are the final pressure and volume. Plugging in the given values, we get (3.0 atm)(100 mL) = (P2)(150 mL), which simplifies to 300 atm.mL = 150P2. Solving for P2, we find that the new pressure is 2.0 atm.

Fructose is an isomer of glucose because both molecules have the same molecular formula (C6H12O6), but they have a different arrangement of atoms. Isomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas, resulting in different chemical properties. In the case of fructose and glucose, the arrangement of atoms is different, leading to distinct chemical and physical properties.

The correct balanced chemical equation for the combustion of natural gas (Methane) is CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O. This equation represents the reaction of one molecule of methane (CH4) with two molecules of oxygen (O2) to produce one molecule of carbon dioxide (CO2) and two molecules of water (H2O). This balanced equation follows the law of conservation of mass, with the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation.

Beaker D will have the fastest rate of reaction. This is because the rate of reaction is influenced by the surface area of the reactant. Since all the beakers contain the same amount of iron fillings, the beaker with the smallest volume will have the highest surface area to volume ratio. Beaker D has the smallest volume among the given options, so it will have the fastest rate of reaction.

Proteins are polymers of amino acids, which makes statement I true. However, statement II is incorrect because proteins are soluble molecules, not insoluble. Statement III is also incorrect because proteins are not derived from aldehydes and ketones, nor do they contain numerous hydroxyl groups. Therefore, the correct answer is I and III only.

Sucrose is the correct answer because it is a disaccharide formed from the monosaccharides glucose and fructose. The drawing shows two hexagonal structures, which represent glucose and fructose. When these two monosaccharides combine through a condensation reaction, they form a glycosidic bond and create sucrose. Galactose, lactose, and maltose are not formed from glucose and fructose, so they are not the correct answers.

Iron filings have a higher surface area compared to an iron nail. When a reaction occurs between iron and hydrochloric acid, the surface area of the iron determines the rate of reaction. With a higher surface area, there are more exposed iron particles available for the acid to react with. This increases the number of collisions between the reactants and speeds up the reaction rate. Therefore, using iron filings instead of an iron nail increases the rate of reaction.

The concentration of the reactants affects the rate of the reaction. When the concentration of reactants is higher, there are more particles available to collide and react with each other, leading to a faster reaction rate. Conversely, when the concentration is lower, there are fewer particles available for collision, resulting in a slower reaction rate. Therefore, the concentration of the reactants directly influences the rate at which the reaction occurs.

Using larger marble chips would decrease the rate of the reaction because larger marble chips have a smaller surface area, which means there is less area for the acid to react with. Decreasing the concentration of acid would also decrease the rate of the reaction because there would be fewer acid particles available to react with the marble chips. Therefore, the changes II and IV would both decrease the rate of the reaction.

The correct answer is that substance M is a simple sugar, while substances N and O are not. This conclusion can be drawn based on the information provided in the question, which states that Malou conducted an activity to determine the types of biomolecules present in the unknown substances. Therefore, we can infer that Malou found evidence indicating that substance M is a simple sugar, while substances N and O are not simple sugars.

The given chemical equation shows a reaction between NaCl and AgNO3, resulting in the formation of AgCl and NaNO3. This type of reaction is known as a double displacement reaction. In this type of reaction, the positive and negative ions of two compounds switch places, resulting in the formation of two new compounds. In this case, the chloride ion from NaCl combines with the silver ion from AgNO3 to form AgCl, while the sodium ion from NaCl combines with the nitrate ion from AgNO3 to form NaNO3.