1.
Pulse rate is _____________.
Correct Answer
A. Number of heart beats per minute.
Explanation
Pulse rate refers to the number of heart beats per minute. It is a measure of how many times the heart contracts and pumps blood throughout the body in one minute. This is an important indicator of overall cardiovascular health and can vary depending on factors such as age, fitness level, and activity level. Monitoring pulse rate can help identify abnormalities or irregularities in heart function and is often used in medical settings to assess a person's vital signs.
2.
The radial artery is found _________.
Correct Answer
C. Lateral side of the forearm
Explanation
The radial artery is a significant blood vessel located on the lateral, or thumb side, of the forearm. It courses down from the upper arm, passing along the wrist's outer edge. As one of the primary arteries in the arm, it plays a crucial role in delivering oxygen-rich blood to the structures of the forearm and hand. This arterial supply is essential for nourishing the muscles, bones, and other tissues, ensuring their proper function and health.
3.
Slow pulse rate is _________.
Correct Answer
D. Bradycardia
Explanation
Bradycardia refers to a slow pulse rate, typically less than 60 beats per minute. It can be caused by various factors such as certain medications, heart conditions, and an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system. Bradycardia may result in symptoms like dizziness, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and severity of the condition.
4.
Respiratory rate is
Correct Answer
B. The number of breaths in & out per minute
Explanation
Respiratory rate refers to the number of breaths a person takes in and out per minute. It is an important measure of lung function and can provide information about a person's overall health. Monitoring respiratory rate is particularly important in assessing respiratory distress or disorders such as asthma, pneumonia, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). By counting the number of breaths in and out per minute, healthcare professionals can evaluate the efficiency of the respiratory system and detect any abnormalities or changes that may require further investigation or treatment.
5.
The pupil is
Correct Answer
C. The black center of the eye.
Explanation
The pupil, located at the center of the eye, is a crucial component of vision. Its primary function is to regulate the amount of light entering the eye. This is achieved through the contraction or dilation of the iris, the colored part of the eye surrounding the pupil. In bright conditions, the pupil constricts, reducing the amount of light entering the eye to prevent overwhelming the retina with excessive brightness.
6.
Which of the following vital signs is typically measured using a sphygmomanometer?
Correct Answer
B. Blood pressure
Explanation
Blood pressure is measured using a sphygmomanometer, which consists of an inflatable cuff wrapped around the upper arm and a pressure gauge. The cuff is inflated to temporarily stop the blood flow in the brachial artery, and then slowly released while listening to the arterial sounds with a stethoscope. The systolic pressure (highest pressure when the heart contracts) and diastolic pressure (lowest pressure when the heart relaxes) are recorded as millimeters of mercury (mmHg).
7.
Which of the following techniques is used to assess capillary refill time as part of vital signs assessment?
Correct Answer
C. Inspection of nail beds
Explanation
Capillary refill time is assessed by pressing firmly on the nail bed, causing blanching, and then releasing pressure to observe the time it takes for normal color to return. A normal capillary refill time is less than 2 seconds. Prolonged capillary refill time may indicate decreased peripheral perfusion, such as in shock or hypothermia.
8.
Which vital sign is measured using a pulse oximeter?
Correct Answer
C. Oxygen saturation
Explanation
A pulse oximeter is a non-invasive device used to measure oxygen saturation (SpO2) in the blood. It works by emitting light waves that pass through the skin and detect the amount of oxygen-bound hemoglobin in arterial blood. Oxygen saturation is expressed as a percentage and indicates the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
9.
Which of the following is NOT considered a vital sign?
Correct Answer
B. Blood glucose level
Explanation
Vital signs are physiological measurements that reflect the body's basic functions and include temperature, pulse (heart rate), respiratory rate, and blood pressure. Pain level and blood glucose level, while important indicators of health, are not typically classified as vital signs.
10.
Which term describes an abnormally slow heart rate, typically below 60 beats per minute?
Correct Answer
C. Bradycardia
Explanation
Bradycardia is the medical term for an abnormally slow heart rate, usually defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute in adults. It can be caused by various factors, including certain medications, heart disease, electrolyte imbalances, and athletic training. Bradycardia may result in symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, and fainting, and severe cases may require medical intervention.