1.
Spitting up blood from the respiratory tract and lungs
Correct Answer
D. Hemoptysis
Explanation
Hemoptysis refers to the act of spitting up blood from the respiratory tract and lungs. It is different from hematemesis, which is the vomiting of blood, and hemorrhage, which is the excessive bleeding from blood vessels. Hyperemesis refers to severe vomiting, while hemolysis is the breakdown of red blood cells. Therefore, hemoptysis is the most appropriate term to describe the given scenario.
2.
Suture
Correct Answer
E. -rrhaphy
Explanation
The correct answer is "-rrhaphy." This suffix is commonly used in medical terminology to refer to the surgical procedure of suturing or stitching a wound or incision. It is derived from the Greek word "rháphē" which means "to sew." Therefore, "-rrhaphy" is the most appropriate choice as it directly relates to the term "suture."
3.
New opening between two parts of the jejunum
Correct Answer
A. Jejunojejunostomy
Explanation
Jejunojejunostomy is the correct answer because it refers to a surgical procedure where a new opening is created between two parts of the jejunum. This procedure is often performed to treat certain conditions such as intestinal obstruction or to bypass a diseased segment of the jejunum. The other options, duodenostomy, dudenojejunostomy, jejunostomy, and jejunocecal anastomosis, do not accurately describe the specific procedure of creating a new opening between two parts of the jejunum.
4.
Dilation of a lymph vessel
Correct Answer
D. Lymphangiectasis
Explanation
Lymphangiectasis refers to the dilation or enlargement of a lymph vessel. This condition can occur due to various factors such as infection, inflammation, or obstruction of the lymphatic system. It is characterized by the abnormal expansion of lymphatic vessels, leading to impaired lymphatic drainage and fluid accumulation. This can result in symptoms such as swelling, pain, and discomfort in the affected area. Treatment options for lymphangiectasis may include compression therapy, surgical intervention, or management of the underlying cause.
5.
Difficult digestion
Correct Answer
E. Dyspepsia
Explanation
Dyspepsia refers to a condition characterized by difficult digestion or indigestion. It is a common term used to describe a range of symptoms such as bloating, discomfort, and pain in the upper abdomen. This condition can be caused by various factors including overeating, eating too quickly, consuming fatty or spicy foods, or having a stomach infection. Dyspepsia is not a specific medical condition but rather a collection of symptoms related to digestion.
6.
Pyloric stenosis
Correct Answer
B. Narrowing of the opening between the stomach and intestine
Explanation
The correct answer is "narrowing of the opening between the stomach and intestine." Pyloric stenosis refers to the narrowing of the pylorus, which is the opening between the stomach and the small intestine. This condition can cause symptoms like vomiting, poor feeding, and weight loss, especially in infants. Gastric ulcer, hiatal hernia, cardiospasm, and achalasia are not related to the narrowing of the opening between the stomach and intestine.
7.
Which test would tell the presence of melena
Correct Answer
D. Stool guaiac
Explanation
Stool guaiac is a test used to detect the presence of blood in the stool, including occult blood that is not visible to the naked eye. Melena refers to the passage of black, tarry stools, which is often indicative of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Therefore, stool guaiac would be the appropriate test to determine the presence of melena by detecting the presence of blood in the stool.
8.
An ulcer would likely be detected by which of the following tests
Correct Answer
D. Gastroscopy
Explanation
Gastroscopy is the most appropriate test for detecting an ulcer. It involves inserting a thin, flexible tube with a camera into the stomach to examine the lining and identify any ulcers. Cholecystography is used to examine the gallbladder, serum hepatitis B surface antigen is a blood test for hepatitis B, intravenous cholangiogram is used to visualize the bile ducts, and an abdominal CT scan is a diagnostic imaging test that provides detailed images of the abdomen. However, none of these tests are specifically designed to detect ulcers like gastroscopy.
9.
Esophageal atresia
Correct Answer
D. Esophagus does not open to the stomach at birth
Explanation
Esophageal atresia is a congenital condition where the esophagus does not properly connect to the stomach, resulting in the esophagus not opening to the stomach at birth. This means that there is a blockage or obstruction preventing food and fluids from passing through the esophagus into the stomach. The other options mentioned, such as a new opening of the esophagus into the stomach, dilated esophagus, and twisted veins around the esophagus, are not characteristic of esophageal atresia.
10.
Bursting forth of blood from the spleen
Correct Answer
B. Splenorrhagia
Explanation
Splenorrhagia refers to the bursting forth of blood from the spleen. This condition can occur due to trauma or a ruptured blood vessel in the spleen. It is characterized by severe bleeding and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. Splenomegaly, on the other hand, refers to an enlarged spleen, while spleenectasis refers to the dilation or stretching of the spleen. Neither of these conditions specifically involves the bursting forth of blood from the spleen. Therefore, the correct answer is splenorrhagia.
11.
Lipase is
Correct Answer
C. An enzyme that digests fat
Explanation
Lipase is an enzyme that specifically digests fat. It breaks down dietary fats into smaller molecules, such as fatty acids and glycerol, which can be easily absorbed and utilized by the body. Lipase is produced primarily in the pancreas and is essential for the digestion and absorption of dietary fats in the small intestine. Therefore, the correct answer is "an enzyme that digests fat".
12.
Palatoplasty
Correct Answer
A. Surgical repair of the roof of the mouth
Explanation
Palatoplasty refers to the surgical repair of the roof of the mouth, specifically the palate. This procedure is commonly performed to correct a cleft palate, a birth defect where there is a gap or split in the roof of the mouth. By surgically repairing the palate, the goal is to improve speech, swallowing, and overall oral function. It is important to note that palatoplasty is not related to overgrowth of gum tissue or the surgical repair of the tongue.
13.
Which test is not a liver function test
Correct Answer
C. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)
Explanation
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a diagnostic procedure used to examine the bile ducts and pancreatic ducts. It is not a liver function test, but rather a procedure that allows visualization of the structures in the liver and pancreas. On the other hand, serum bilirubin, ALP (alkaline phosphatase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), and ALT (alanine aminotransferase) are all commonly used liver function tests that measure specific enzymes or substances in the blood to assess liver health and function.
14.
Which test would demonstrate choledocholithiasis
Correct Answer
A. Transhepatic cholangiography
Explanation
Transhepatic cholangiography is a test used to demonstrate choledocholithiasis, which is the presence of gallstones in the common bile duct. This procedure involves injecting contrast dye into the liver, which then flows into the bile ducts and helps visualize any blockages or stones. It is a direct and effective method for diagnosing choledocholithiasis. Barium enema, gastric intubation, upper GI series, and gastric endoscopy are not typically used to diagnose or demonstrate choledocholithiasis.
15.
Opposite of -ectasis
Correct Answer
A. -stenosis
Explanation
The term "ectasis" refers to the dilation or expansion of a tubular structure in the body. Therefore, the opposite of ectasis would be the narrowing or constriction of a tubular structure. The term "stenosis" fits this description as it refers to the abnormal narrowing of a passage or opening in the body.
16.
Flow, discharge
Correct Answer
D. -rrhea
Explanation
The correct answer is "-rrhea". This is because "-rrhea" is a suffix that means "flow" or "discharge". It is commonly used in medical terms to indicate an abnormal or excessive flow or discharge of a substance, such as diarrhea (excessive flow of stool) or rhinorrhea (excessive flow of nasal mucus). The other options listed (-ptysis, -emesis, -rrhaphy, -phagia) do not have the same meaning as "-rrhea" and are not related to flow or discharge.
17.
Anastomosis
Correct Answer
C. Cholecystojejunostomy
Explanation
Cholecystojejunostomy is a surgical procedure that involves creating a connection between the gallbladder and the jejunum (part of the small intestine). It is typically performed to bypass a blockage in the common bile duct or to treat conditions such as gallstones or tumors. By creating this connection, bile from the gallbladder can flow directly into the small intestine, bypassing the blocked or damaged bile ducts. This helps to restore the normal flow of bile and aids in digestion.
18.
Common bile duct
Correct Answer
D. Choledoch/o
Explanation
The term "choledoch/o" refers to the common bile duct. The other terms listed, such as "cholecyst/o" (gallbladder), "celi/o" (abdomen), "cholelith/o" (gallstone), and "cheil/o" (lip), do not specifically relate to the common bile duct. Therefore, "choledoch/o" is the correct answer in this context.
19.
Forward protrusion of the eye
Correct Answer
B. Proptosis
Explanation
Proptosis refers to the abnormal forward protrusion of the eye from the eye socket. This condition can be caused by various factors such as trauma, infection, inflammation, or tumors. It is often associated with conditions like Graves' disease or orbital cellulitis. Proptosis can cause symptoms like eye pain, double vision, and difficulty closing the eyelids. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, surgery, or radiation therapy.
20.
Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen
Correct Answer
D. Ascites
Explanation
Ascites is the accumulation of fluid in the abdomen, often caused by liver disease. Paracentesis is a surgical procedure where a needle is inserted into the abdomen to remove the accumulated fluid. Therefore, the correct answer for the given question is ascites, as it is the condition that requires surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen.
21.
Twisting of part of the intestine upon itself
Correct Answer
B. Cecal volvulus
Explanation
Cecal volvulus refers to the twisting of the cecum, a part of the intestine, upon itself. This condition can lead to a blockage in the intestine, causing symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and constipation. Proctosigmoidoscopy is a procedure used to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. Pyloric stenosis is a narrowing of the opening between the stomach and small intestine. Biliary atresia is a condition where the bile ducts inside or outside the liver are blocked or absent. Rectal stenosis is a narrowing of the rectum.
22.
Periodontal procedure
Correct Answer
C. Gingivectomy
Explanation
A gingivectomy is a periodontal procedure that involves the surgical removal of gum tissue to treat gum disease or to improve the appearance of the gums. It is commonly performed to remove excess gum tissue that may be covering the teeth or to remove infected gum tissue that cannot be treated with non-surgical methods. This procedure helps to reduce pocket depths, improve oral hygiene, and restore gum health.
23.
Heavy mestrual discharge
Correct Answer
D. Menorrhagia
Explanation
Menorrhagia refers to abnormally heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding. It is characterized by excessive menstrual flow, lasting longer than the usual duration, and requiring frequent pad or tampon changes. This condition can be caused by hormonal imbalances, uterine fibroids, polyps, or certain medical conditions. Unlike dysmenorrhea, which refers to painful menstruation, menorrhagia focuses specifically on the heavy flow. Hemorrhage, on the other hand, is a more general term for excessive bleeding, which can occur in different parts of the body. Hematemesis refers specifically to vomiting blood and is unrelated to menstrual bleeding.
24.
Visual examination of the abdomen
Correct Answer
A. Laparoscopy
Explanation
Laparoscopy is a procedure that involves the visual examination of the abdomen using a laparoscope, a thin tube with a camera attached to it. This minimally invasive technique allows doctors to view the internal organs and structures of the abdomen, such as the liver, colon, and intestines. It is commonly used for diagnostic purposes, to identify and evaluate conditions such as abdominal pain, tumors, and inflammation. Laparoscopy can also be used for surgical interventions, such as colectomy (removal of part or all of the colon) or enterorrhaphy (repair of an intestinal injury or defect).
25.
Salivary stones
Correct Answer
C. Sialolithiasis
Explanation
Sialolithiasis refers to the formation of stones, also known as calculi, within the salivary glands. These stones can obstruct the flow of saliva and cause symptoms such as pain, swelling, and difficulty in eating or speaking. Treatment for sialolithiasis may involve techniques like lithotripsy, which uses shock waves to break down the stones, or surgical removal if the stones are large or causing severe symptoms. Cholecystolithiasis refers to the presence of stones in the gallbladder, renal calculi refers to kidney stones, and nephroptosis refers to the downward displacement of the kidney.
26.
Abnormal condition of the lip
Correct Answer
A. Cheilosis
Explanation
Cheilosis is the correct answer. Cheilosis refers to an abnormal condition of the lips, characterized by dryness, cracking, and inflammation. It is often caused by a deficiency of certain vitamins, such as riboflavin (vitamin B2) or iron. The other options, chielosis and cielosis, are incorrect spellings and do not exist as medical terms.
27.
Pertaining to the cheek
Correct Answer
C. Buccal
Explanation
The correct answer is "buccal." Buccal refers to something that is related to or pertaining to the cheek. In this context, it is the correct spelling for describing something that is specifically related to the cheek area.
28.
Drooping, sagging, prolapse
Correct Answer
C. Ptosis
Explanation
Ptosis is the correct answer because it refers to the medical condition of drooping or sagging of an organ or tissue. It can occur in various parts of the body, but is commonly associated with the eyelid drooping. The terms "drooping," "sagging," and "prolapse" all describe similar conditions, but "ptosis" specifically refers to the drooping of an organ or tissue.
29.
Record of bile vessels
Correct Answer
B. Cholangiogram
Explanation
A cholangiogram is a medical imaging procedure that is used to visualize the bile vessels. It involves injecting a contrast dye into the bile ducts and then taking X-ray images to examine the flow of the dye. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose and evaluate conditions such as gallstones, bile duct obstructions, and tumors. The term "colangiogram" is a misspelling of cholangiogram, and "choleangiogram" is a term that is not commonly used in medical practice. Therefore, the correct answer is cholangiogram.
30.
Not open
Correct Answer
B. Atresia
31.
Spitting up blood
Correct Answer
C. Hemoptysis
Explanation
Hemoptysis is the medical term used to describe the condition of spitting up blood. It occurs when there is bleeding from the respiratory tract, usually from the lungs or airways. This can be caused by various factors such as infections, lung diseases, or even certain types of cancer. It is important to seek medical attention if experiencing hemoptysis, as it can be a sign of a serious underlying condition that needs to be diagnosed and treated.
32.
Enlargement of the liver
Correct Answer
B. Hapatomegaly
Explanation
The correct answer is "hepatomegaly." Hepatomegaly refers to the enlargement of the liver. It is a medical term used to describe a condition where the liver becomes larger than its normal size. This can be caused by various factors such as liver disease, alcohol abuse, infections, or certain medications. Hepatomegaly can be detected through physical examination or imaging tests, and its treatment depends on the underlying cause.
33.
Difficult swallowing
Correct Answer
C. Dysphagia
Explanation
Dysphagia is the correct answer because it is a medical term that refers to the difficulty or discomfort experienced while swallowing. It can be caused by various factors such as muscle weakness, nerve damage, or structural abnormalities in the throat or esophagus. The other options, "dysfagia" and "disphagia," are misspellings of the term "dysphagia."
34.
Destruction of blood
Correct Answer
A. Hemolysis
Explanation
Hemolysis refers to the destruction of red blood cells, leading to the release of hemoglobin into the surrounding fluid. This can occur due to various factors such as infections, autoimmune disorders, or certain medications. The correct answer, "hemolysis," accurately describes this process of blood destruction.
35.
Pertaining to the abdomen
Correct Answer
B. Celiac
Explanation
The correct answer is "celiac." This term refers to something that is related to or associated with the abdomen. It can be used to describe conditions, organs, or structures that are located in or pertain to the abdominal region of the body.
36.
-pepsia
Correct Answer
digestion
Explanation
The given answer "digestion" is most likely the correct answer because it is related to the given terms "pepsia" and "digestion". Pepsia is a suffix that means "digestion" or "digestive process". Therefore, it can be inferred that "digestion" is the correct answer based on the given information.
37.
-ptysis
Correct Answer
spitting
Explanation
Ptysis is a medical term referring to the act of coughing up or spitting out phlegm or mucus from the respiratory tract. Therefore, the word "spitting" accurately describes the action of ptysis.
38.
-emesis
Correct Answer
vomiting
Explanation
Vomiting is the correct answer because it is a term used to describe the act of expelling the contents of the stomach through the mouth. The term "emesis" is a medical term that is often used interchangeably with vomiting. Therefore, the answer "vomiting" accurately represents the meaning of "emesis".
39.
-ptosis
Correct Answer
forward drooping
Explanation
Ptosis refers to the drooping or sagging of a body part, typically an eyelid. In this case, the term "forward drooping" accurately describes the condition of ptosis. The word "forward" emphasizes the direction of the drooping, indicating that the affected body part is hanging or sagging in a downward position. Therefore, "forward drooping" is an appropriate explanation for the term "ptosis."
40.
-rrhagia
Correct Answer
bursting forth of blood
Explanation
The term "rrhagia" is a medical suffix that refers to the bursting forth or excessive flow of a particular substance. In this case, the substance is blood. Therefore, the correct answer, "bursting forth of blood," accurately describes the meaning of "rrhagia."
41.
-phagia
Correct Answer
swallowing
Explanation
The term "phagia" is a suffix that refers to the act of eating or swallowing. Therefore, "swallowing" is the correct answer as it directly corresponds to the meaning of the term.
42.
-plasty
Correct Answer
surgical repair
Explanation
The term "-plasty" is a suffix commonly used in medical terminology to indicate a surgical repair procedure. It is derived from the Greek word "plassein" which means "to mold" or "to form". Therefore, when "-plasty" is added to the end of a word, it signifies that a surgical procedure is being performed to repair or reshape a specific part of the body. This could involve procedures such as rhinoplasty (surgical repair of the nose) or mammoplasty (surgical repair of the breast).
43.
-ectasis
Correct Answer
widening
Explanation
The term "-ectasis" is a suffix that is commonly used in medical terminology to indicate the widening or dilation of a particular structure or organ. Therefore, the correct answer for this question is "widening," as it accurately describes the meaning of the term "-ectasis."
44.
-stenosis
Correct Answer
narrowing
Explanation
The term "stenosis" refers to a medical condition characterized by the abnormal narrowing of a passage or opening in the body. This narrowing can occur in various parts of the body, such as blood vessels, the spinal canal, or the digestive tract. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including inflammation, tumors, or the build-up of plaque. Therefore, the correct answer for this question is "narrowing," as it accurately describes the condition of stenosis.
45.
-lysis
Correct Answer
breakdown
Explanation
The suffix "-lysis" refers to the process of breaking down or decomposition. In this case, the word "breakdown" perfectly matches the meaning of the suffix. It signifies the act of something being broken down into smaller parts or being analyzed in detail. Therefore, "breakdown" is the correct answer that aligns with the meaning of "-lysis".
46.
-ptosis
Correct Answer
forward drooping
Explanation
Ptosis refers to the drooping of an organ or body part. In this case, the term "forward drooping" accurately describes the condition of ptosis, where the affected organ or body part hangs or sags in a downward direction. The term "forward" further emphasizes the direction of the drooping, providing a clear and concise explanation for the given answer.
47.
-stasis
Correct Answer
stoppage
Explanation
The word "stasis" refers to a state of balance or equilibrium, while "stoppage" means the act of stopping or halting something. Given that the two words have similar meanings, it can be inferred that "stoppage" is the correct answer as it directly relates to the definition of "stasis" as a stoppage or cessation of movement or activity.
48.
-rrhea
Correct Answer
discharge
Explanation
The term "-rrhea" is a suffix commonly used in medical terminology to indicate excessive or abnormal discharge. In this case, the word "discharge" is the correct answer because it accurately describes the meaning of the suffix "-rrhea." It refers to the act of releasing or letting go of something, which aligns with the concept of excessive or abnormal discharge.
49.
Difficult digestion: dys__________
Correct Answer
pepsia
Explanation
The term "dyspepsia" refers to a medical condition characterized by difficult or impaired digestion. The prefix "dys-" indicates abnormality or difficulty, while "pepsia" refers to digestion. Therefore, "dyspepsia" is the correct term to describe difficult digestion.
50.
Difficulty swallowing: dys_____
Correct Answer
phagia
Explanation
The term "dysphagia" refers to difficulty swallowing. The prefix "dys-" indicates abnormal or difficult, and the root word "phagia" refers to swallowing. Therefore, "dysphagia" accurately describes the condition of having difficulty with swallowing.