Leedy And Ormrod Research Book Quiz!
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- 1.
According to Leedy and Ormrod (2010), the most effective research proposals:
- A.
Are a brief outline of the study you intend to conduct without an excess of detail.
- B.
Justify the study to be conducted by explaining how it will contribute to the professional literature.
- C.
Are detailed and straightforward explanations of the research problem and methodology.
- D.
Include an autobiographical section that explains how the researcher became interested in the research topic.
Correct Answer
C. Are detailed and straightforward explanations of the research problem and methodology.Explanation
The correct answer is "are detailed and straightforward explanations of the research problem and methodology." This is because the research proposal should provide a clear and comprehensive explanation of the problem being investigated and the methodology that will be used to address it. This helps to ensure that the study is well-planned and that the research objectives can be effectively achieved. It also allows other researchers to understand and evaluate the study, and contributes to the professional literature by providing valuable insights and knowledge.Rate this question:
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- 2.
A proposal for a quantitative study typically includes these elements in this order:
- A.
A statement of the problem, a review of the literature, an explanation of the means for collecting data, a description of how the study will be conducted.
- B.
A review of the literature, a statement of the problem, an explanation of the means for collecting data, a description of how the study will be conducted.
- C.
A review of the literature, a statement of the problem, a description of how the study will be conducted, an explanation of the means for collecting data.
- D.
A statement of the problem, an explanation of the means for collecting data, a review of the literature, a description of how the study will be conducted.
Correct Answer
A. A statement of the problem, a review of the literature, an explanation of the means for collecting data, a description of how the study will be conducted.Explanation
The correct answer is a statement of the problem, a review of the literature, an explanation of the means for collecting data, a description of how the study will be conducted. This order is typically followed in a proposal for a quantitative study. First, the researcher presents the problem that the study aims to address. Then, they provide a review of the existing literature to establish the context and significance of the study. Next, they explain the methods and tools they will use to collect data. Finally, they describe how the study will be conducted, including the procedures and steps involved. This order ensures a logical flow and comprehensive understanding of the study proposal.Rate this question:
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- 3.
A proposal for a qualitative study typically includes these elements in this order:
- A.
An explanation of how the findings will fit with the larger literature, a statement of the purpose of the study and its guiding questions, a management plan, an explanation of theoretical and methodological grounding.
- B.
A statement of the purpose of the study and its guiding questions, an explanation of how the findings will fit with the larger literature, an explanation of theoretical and methodological grounding, a management plan.
- C.
A statement of the purpose of the study and its guiding questions, an explanation of theoretical and methodological grounding, an explanation of how the findings will fit with the larger literature, a management plan.
- D.
A statement of the purpose of the study and its guiding questions, an explanation of theoretical and methodological grounding, a management plan, an explanation of how the findings will fit with the larger literature.
Correct Answer
C. A statement of the purpose of the study and its guiding questions, an explanation of theoretical and methodological grounding, an explanation of how the findings will fit with the larger literature, a management plan.Explanation
The correct answer is a statement of the purpose of the study and its guiding questions, an explanation of theoretical and methodological grounding, an explanation of how the findings will fit with the larger literature, a management plan. This order is logical because it starts with the purpose and guiding questions, which provide the framework for the study. Then, it explains the theoretical and methodological grounding, which establishes the basis for the research. Next, it discusses how the findings will fit with the existing literature, showing the relevance of the study. Finally, it includes a management plan, which outlines how the study will be conducted and organized.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Proposals for ______ studies include a methodology section.
- A.
Qualitative
- B.
Quantitative
- C.
Both quantitative and qualitative
- D.
Neither quantitative or qualitative
Correct Answer
C. Both quantitative and qualitativeExplanation
The correct answer is both quantitative and qualitative. This is because proposals for both quantitative and qualitative studies typically include a methodology section. In quantitative studies, the methodology section outlines the research design, sample selection, data collection methods, and statistical analysis techniques. In qualitative studies, the methodology section describes the approach, data collection methods (such as interviews or observations), data analysis techniques (such as thematic analysis), and strategies for ensuring rigor and trustworthiness. Therefore, proposals for both types of studies would include a methodology section.Rate this question:
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- 5.
In ______ research proposal(s), the review of literature comes late in the document in conjunction with the interpretation of data.
- A.
Both quantitative and qualitative
- B.
Neither quantitative or qualitative
- C.
A quantitative
- D.
A qualitative
Correct Answer
D. A qualitativeExplanation
In qualitative research proposals, the review of literature comes late in the document in conjunction with the interpretation of data. This is because qualitative research focuses on exploring and understanding subjective experiences and meanings, and the review of literature helps to provide context and theoretical frameworks for interpreting the data collected. In contrast, quantitative research typically follows a more structured and systematic approach, where the review of literature is usually conducted earlier in the research process to inform the development of research questions and hypotheses. Therefore, the correct answer is a qualitative research proposal.Rate this question:
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- 6.
In ______ research proposal(s), a specific research problem is clearly stated at the outset of the proposal.
- A.
Both quantitative and qualitative
- B.
Neither quantitative or qualitative
- C.
A quantitative
- D.
A qualitative
Correct Answer
A. Both quantitative and qualitativeExplanation
In both quantitative and qualitative research proposals, a specific research problem is clearly stated at the outset of the proposal. This is because regardless of the research approach, it is essential to clearly define the problem that the research aims to address. By stating the research problem upfront, researchers can provide a clear focus and direction for their study, ensuring that their research objectives are aligned with the problem they intend to investigate.Rate this question:
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- 7.
In ______ research proposal(s), a specific plan for how the data will be handled is clearly laid out in the document.
- A.
Both quantitative and qualitative
- B.
Neither quantitative or qualitative
- C.
A quantitative
- D.
A qualitative
Correct Answer
A. Both quantitative and qualitativeExplanation
In both quantitative and qualitative research proposals, a specific plan for how the data will be handled is clearly laid out in the document. This is because both types of research require careful consideration of data collection, analysis, and interpretation. In quantitative research, the plan may include details on the sample size, data collection methods, statistical analyses, and data management procedures. In qualitative research, the plan may involve strategies for data collection (such as interviews or observations), data transcription and coding, and techniques for analyzing and interpreting the data. Therefore, both quantitative and qualitative research proposals emphasize the importance of outlining a clear plan for handling the data.Rate this question:
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- 8.
In ______ research proposal(s), specific hypotheses regarding findings are often stated.
- A.
Both quantitative and qualitative
- B.
Neither quantitative or qualitative
- C.
A quantitative
- D.
A qualitative
Correct Answer
C. A quantitativeExplanation
In quantitative research proposals, specific hypotheses regarding findings are often stated. This is because quantitative research aims to gather numerical data and analyze it statistically to test hypotheses and make generalizations about a population. The use of specific hypotheses helps to guide the research process and provides a clear focus for data collection and analysis. On the other hand, qualitative research typically aims to explore and understand complex phenomena in depth, often without pre-determined hypotheses. Therefore, specific hypotheses are not commonly stated in qualitative research proposals.Rate this question:
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- 9.
In regard to the style you will use for headings and subheadings in the research proposal:
- A.
There are no special formatting requirements unless the document is a thesis or dissertation.
- B.
All disciplines recognize the major formal styles, so it is a matter of personal choice.
- C.
The writer is free to show creativity as long as s/he is consistent throughout the document.
- D.
Disciplines often dictate the use of specific formal styles, so you must find out what the expectations are.
Correct Answer
D. Disciplines often dictate the use of specific formal styles, so you must find out what the expectations are.Explanation
Different academic disciplines often have specific expectations and requirements for the style and formatting of research proposals. Therefore, it is important for the writer to determine and adhere to the formal styles that are commonly accepted within their discipline. This ensures that the proposal meets the standards and expectations of the academic community in that particular field.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Experienced writers of research proposals typically:
- A.
Plan to make revisions to the first draft of the proposal.
- B.
Do not need to make revisions to the first draft of the proposal.
- C.
Make revisions to the first draft of the proposal only if they are requested by a reviewer.
- D.
May need to edit the first draft of the proposal for typos, but not content.
Correct Answer
A. Plan to make revisions to the first draft of the proposal.Explanation
Experienced writers of research proposals typically plan to make revisions to the first draft of the proposal. This is because the first draft is often not perfect and may require improvements in terms of clarity, organization, and content. Revisions allow the writer to refine their ideas, address any feedback or suggestions from reviewers, and ensure that the proposal is of the highest quality before submission. Editing for typos is also important, but revising the content is crucial for a well-developed and persuasive research proposal.Rate this question:
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- 11.
When writing the proposal, you should assume that the reader:
- A.
Will know which data analytic techniques are appropriate for your study without a detailed explanation.
- B.
Is an expert in the area you are addressing and will be familiar with common issues, variables, instruments, etc.
- C.
Can discern for him/herself what the importance of the study is.
- D.
Knows nothing about the proposed project, so all the details must be thoroughly explained.
Correct Answer
D. Knows nothing about the proposed project, so all the details must be thoroughly explained.Explanation
The correct answer is "knows nothing about the proposed project, so all the details must be thoroughly explained." This answer is based on the information provided in the question. It states that the reader knows nothing about the proposed project, which implies that all the details need to be explained in order to provide a clear understanding of the proposal. The other statements in the question suggest that the reader may have some level of expertise or familiarity with certain aspects, but the emphasis is on thoroughly explaining the details to someone who has no prior knowledge of the project.Rate this question:
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- 12.
When explaining how the data are to be analyzed and interpreted:
- A.
It is best to provide only a general plan as things will probably change over the course of the study anyway.
- B.
It is best to be as detailed as possible so all contingencies related to analysis and interpretation can be anticipated.
- C.
It is impossible to be highly detailed until one has the actual data in hand.
- D.
An overly specific plan may bias the analyses or interpretation, impairing the validity of the study.
Correct Answer
B. It is best to be as detailed as possible so all contingencies related to analysis and interpretation can be anticipated.Explanation
When explaining how the data are to be analyzed and interpreted, it is best to be as detailed as possible so all contingencies related to analysis and interpretation can be anticipated. This allows for a thorough understanding of the process and ensures that any potential issues or challenges can be addressed in advance. By providing a detailed plan, researchers can minimize bias and enhance the validity of the study. While it is true that things may change over the course of the study and that an overly specific plan may impair validity, being as detailed as possible initially helps to establish a strong foundation for analysis and interpretation.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Research proposals that ______ are commonly judged to be of higher quality than proposals that do not.
- A.
Favor straightforward vocabulary
- B.
Employ complex sentence structure
- C.
Favor a highly esoteric vocabulary
- D.
Rely on the reader to draw inferences
Correct Answer
A. Favor straightforward vocabularyExplanation
Research proposals that favor straightforward vocabulary are commonly judged to be of higher quality than proposals that do not. This is because using simple and clear language helps to enhance the clarity and understanding of the proposal. It allows the reader to easily comprehend the ideas and arguments presented in the proposal. On the other hand, employing complex sentence structures or favoring a highly esoteric vocabulary may hinder the reader's comprehension and make the proposal appear convoluted or inaccessible. Additionally, relying on the reader to draw inferences can introduce ambiguity and uncertainty, which may negatively impact the quality of the proposal.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Three of the following are elements in the proposal revision process. Which one is NOT?
- A.
Reconsider the feasibility of what you are proposing to do.
- B.
Carefully assess the logic and organization of the information in the document.
- C.
Avoid breaks of 24 hours or more as the material will get too “cold” in your mind.
- D.
Seek feedback from knowledgeable others.
Correct Answer
C. Avoid breaks of 24 hours or more as the material will get too “cold” in your mind.Explanation
The given options describe elements in the proposal revision process, such as reconsidering feasibility, assessing logic and organization, and seeking feedback. However, the option "Avoid breaks of 24 hours or more as the material will get too 'cold' in your mind" does not directly relate to the proposal revision process. It is more of a suggestion or advice for maintaining focus and retaining information, rather than a specific step in the process of revising a proposal.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The research proposal is best thought of as:
- A.
A general and flexible outline of how the research problem is to be investigated.
- B.
“Plan A,” with the expectation that “Plan B” or even “Plan C” will become necessary as the study unfolds.
- C.
A detailed and firm contract between the researcher and others who are involved in the research project (participants, supervisors, funding agencies, etc.)
- D.
A document that is written for others (internal review boards, funding agencies) and is of little value to the researcher.
Correct Answer
C. A detailed and firm contract between the researcher and others who are involved in the research project (participants, supervisors, funding agencies, etc.) -
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