ISTQB Foundation Level Agile Tester - Extension. Chapter 3

The team should have conducted a specification workshop where the user stories are analyzed, discussed, and written collaboratively. This would have allowed the team to clarify any misunderstandings in the user stories and ensure that the test cases accurately reflect what the user originally wanted. By involving all stakeholders, including the business representative and developers, in the specification workshop, the team can ensure a shared understanding and prevent further issues with misunderstood requirements.

test cases should not add to the story. The story says nothing about performance nor did it say anything about what would happen when a manager wants to print.

The user story states that efficient use of memory is vital for the application. This requirement falls under the technical risks and performance category, which is covered in Quadrant 4 (Q4) of the Agile Testing Quadrants. Therefore, testing in Q4 is needed to ensure that the memory usage is optimized during the data migration process.

In this situation, the best course of action for the team is to leverage the cross-functional nature of the Scrum team. Since two testers have quit, it may not be feasible to hire specialized testing experts at this point. Moving the major item to the next iteration when the staffing issue is resolved may delay the release. Instead, the remaining testers should work together and leverage their different skills to ensure thorough testing is done by the end of the iteration. This approach allows the team to adapt and collaborate effectively, ensuring the completion of the major functionality.

The role of a tester in Scrum is to define test metrics that can measure the test process, test progress, and product quality. These metrics will provide insights into the effectiveness of the testing activities and the overall quality of the product. By establishing these metrics, the tester can generate reports that will inform the business stakeholders about the progress and quality of the product as it goes through iterations. This allows the stakeholders to have visibility into the testing process and make informed decisions based on the test metrics provided.

In order to keep the risk low, the team should reassess the risks by identifying any new risks that may arise from the changes in requirements. They should also evaluate the risk level associated with these new requirements and determine the appropriate mitigation strategy. This ensures that the team remains proactive in managing risks and can make informed decisions about incorporating the changes into the current iteration.

The risk factors for the given user stories include performance, usability, recovery, scalability, and interoperability. These factors are important in ensuring that the system meets the user's expectations in terms of search speed, ease of use, system availability in case of crashes, ability to handle increasing load, and compatibility with other web applications running under the same container.

During a release planning session, the agile team can effectively find story points for a particular story by using a planning poker session or any consensus-based strategy. This involves the team members collectively estimating the effort required for each story and coming to a consensus on the story points. This approach ensures that multiple perspectives are considered and helps in better understanding and breaking down the stories into smaller ones. It promotes collaboration and involvement of the entire team in the estimation process, leading to more accurate and reliable story point measurements.

The correct answer is decision table because a decision table is a systematic and structured way to capture all possible combinations of conditions and corresponding actions or outcomes. In this user story, there are multiple conditions (UK resident, age over 30) and corresponding discounts, so a decision table would be an ideal strategy to develop test cases and ensure that all possible scenarios are covered.

To make better test cases and find more errors, the tester should focus on asking more relevant and quality questions regarding the system. This will help them gain a deeper understanding of the system and identify potential areas of weakness or vulnerabilities that can be targeted during testing. By asking targeted questions, the tester can create more effective test cases that are designed to uncover potential errors or issues in the system.

The effective use of testing Quadrants ensures that all important test levels and test types are included in the development lifecycle. This means that the testing process is comprehensive and covers all necessary aspects of the software being developed. By using testing Quadrants, the development team can identify and address any potential gaps or weaknesses in the testing strategy, ensuring that the software is thoroughly tested and meets the required quality standards.

Equivalence partitioning would be the ideal black-box testing technique to test the given user story. This technique involves dividing the input values into different equivalence classes and selecting representative test cases from each class. In this case, the input values can be divided into different equivalence classes based on the grade ranges mentioned. For example, one equivalence class could be grades between 93-100, another could be grades between 90-93, and so on. By selecting test cases from each equivalence class, we can ensure that the system calculates the grade correctly for different ranges of input values.

Agile teams may opt for an all-inclusive tool like application life-cycle management or task management tool because it provides functions such as a dashboard, task board, and burndown charts. These features are essential for effective project management and tracking progress in an agile approach. Additionally, these tools can automate continuous integration, which is crucial for maintaining a fast and efficient development process. The statement that the tool can find more bugs than other tools is not a valid reason for opting for an all-inclusive tool, as bug-finding capabilities can vary across different tools.

disaster recovery + beta testing = Q4 and Q3

The tester, being a part of the Scrum team, would actively acquire the necessary information instead of relying solely on what is available in the documentation. This proactive approach ensures that the test cases are comprehensive and cover all the required aspects. By actively seeking the required information, the tester can gather a complete understanding of the functionality being tested and create effective test cases. This approach aligns with the agile principles of collaboration, continuous improvement, and adaptability.

The missing element from the given process is to identify the quality risks associated with the backlog items. The team has gathered all team members, listed all product backlog items, assessed the risk level for all risk items, estimated test effort according to risk level, and selected a strategy to mitigate risk. However, they have not specifically identified the quality risks associated with the backlog items. This step is crucial in order to fully understand and address any potential risks to the quality of the project.

A State Transition Diagram/Table is ideal to test the given user story because it helps in capturing and visualizing the different states and transitions that the system can go through. In this case, the diagram/table can represent the different screens and their transitions based on user actions. It can help ensure that when the user clicks on Utilities, the correct items (calculator, watch, weather, and map) are displayed, and when the user clicks on the watch, the Alarm screen is shown first. This testing approach can ensure that the system behaves as expected and follows the specified transitions accurately.

User case testing is the ideal blackbox testing technique to test the given user story. This technique involves creating and executing test cases based on different scenarios or use cases that the manager may encounter while adding, deleting, modifying, updating, and printing employee records. User case testing ensures that the system functions correctly and meets the requirements specified in the user story.

A cloud computing and virtualization tool can provide a server snapshot, which is a complete copy of the server's current state, including all configurations and data. This snapshot can be used by developers to analyze and debug any issues or bugs that may be present in the server. By having a snapshot of the server, developers can easily replicate the environment and test different scenarios without affecting the live server. This tool allows for efficient troubleshooting and problem-solving, making it helpful for developers in solving bugs.

Configuration management tools are important to agile teams because they enable automation at all levels and help in managing associated test artifacts. These tools allow for the seamless integration of configuration management into the continuous integration process, ensuring that changes to the project are quickly and efficiently updated. By automating various tasks and processes, these tools aid in efficient iteration planning and ensure that the project status is easily and accurately tracked. Additionally, they play a crucial role in managing and organizing test artifacts, ensuring that they are properly versioned and easily accessible to the team.

Test-First Development is primarily unit level and code focused, helping the developer with a clearly defined expected result. This means that in Test-First Development, the developer writes tests before writing the actual code. By doing so, the developer can have a clear understanding of the expected outcome and can design the code accordingly. This approach ensures that the code meets the desired specifications and helps in catching any bugs or issues early in the development process.

The correct answer is that the scrum team must include the testers and make decisions regarding test design and implementation collaboratively. This means that the team as a whole, including the testers, will discuss and decide on how to approach the automation of test cases. This ensures that the testers' expertise and insights are taken into account and that the decisions made are agreed upon by the entire team.

Testers can contribute to satisfying customers regarding the testing approach by providing information to the stakeholders regarding the testing process. By keeping the stakeholders informed about the testing activities, progress, and results, testers can help build trust and confidence in the effectiveness of the tests. This transparency allows stakeholders to understand the steps being taken to ensure that the released software is stable, robust, and meets their functional needs.

The purpose of an Application life cycle management tool is to record user stories along with their development and test tasks, help in efficient iteration planning sessions, and automatically calculate a current estimated snapshot of user stories. However, creating, maintaining, and sharing a knowledge base is not a purpose served by this tool.

Test-Driven Development (TDD) is a software development approach where tests are written before the actual code. The given statement that TDD helps with creating user stories is false. TDD is primarily focused on unit level and code, ensuring that the code meets the defined requirements. It is not directly involved in creating user stories, which are typically part of the requirements gathering and analysis phase in Agile methodologies. TDD is automated and used in continuous integration to ensure that new code changes do not break existing functionality. The number of test cases may increase with every new piece of code to cover different scenarios and ensure comprehensive testing.

A defect taxonomy of categorization of defects would ease the creation of test cases in iteration 5 because it provides a systematic way to classify and categorize different types of defects. This taxonomy helps the team to identify and prioritize the types of defects that are likely to occur based on the similarities with previous iterations. By having a clear understanding of the types of defects that are likely to occur, the team can create targeted test cases that focus on those specific areas, improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the testing process.

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To test how the system behaves when it crashes and how fast it recovers, an exploratory tester can follow the strategy of testing interruptions. This involves intentionally causing interruptions in the system, such as turning it on and off, shutting it down, or rebooting it. By observing how the system responds to these interruptions and how quickly it recovers, the tester can gain insights into its crash behavior and recovery time. This strategy aligns with option III, which is the correct answer.

The main reasons to use a configuration management tool are traceability and rapid changes. Traceability allows for tracking and managing changes made to the system, ensuring accountability and facilitating troubleshooting. Rapid changes, such as code churn, can be efficiently managed and controlled using a configuration management tool, ensuring smooth development and deployment processes.

User behavior would likely help testers to devise use case test cases because understanding how users interact with the system and the actions they perform can help identify the different scenarios and paths that need to be tested. By considering user behavior, testers can ensure that the use case test cases cover a wide range of realistic user interactions and validate that the system functions correctly in various user scenarios.

Burn down chart is created by Scrum Master, not tester.

The given information corresponds to both a test charter and a test condition. A test charter defines the scope and objectives of the testing, while a test condition specifies the specific criteria that need to be met in order to consider a test case as passed. In this case, the information states the objective of being able to see and edit/update employees' salary when logged in as a manager, which can be considered as both the test charter and the test condition.

A log capturing tool can be beneficial for creating regression suites because it allows developers and testers to capture and analyze logs generated by an application during testing. These logs contain valuable information about the behavior of the application, including error messages, warnings, and other diagnostic information. By analyzing these logs, testers can identify and reproduce issues, track changes in the application's behavior over time, and create test cases that cover different scenarios. This helps in ensuring the stability and reliability of the application during regression testing.

Test case i is relevant because it checks if the system prevents a student from registering for a course with a grade above C+. This is important to ensure that the system correctly enforces the requirement.

Test case iv is relevant because it checks if a student is able to register for a course with a grade point of C+ or lower. This is the main requirement stated in the user story, so it is crucial to verify that it is working correctly.

Test case ii is not relevant because it does not directly test the requirement mentioned in the user story.

Test case iii is not relevant because it focuses on performance rather than the functionality of allowing students to retake a course.

Test case v is not relevant because it involves an administrator, which is not mentioned in the user story.

The correct answer is i and ii because both methods mentioned in options i and ii are based on the testing principle of early testing and QA activities. In option i, making test cases before start coding (e.g. TDD, Acceptance test driven Development, BDD) emphasizes the importance of writing tests before writing the actual code, ensuring that the code meets the desired requirements. In option ii, the Test Pyramid technique suggests having a large number of tests at the bottom of the pyramid, which represents unit tests, enabling early detection of bugs and issues. Therefore, both options i and ii align with the principle of early testing and QA activities.

The test cases mentioned in the user story involve checking the execution time and running unit tests. These test cases fall into Quadrant 1 (Q1) and Quadrant 4 (Q4) of the Agile Testing Quadrants. Q1 focuses on tests that support the development process, such as unit tests, while Q4 focuses on tests that evaluate non-functional requirements, such as performance testing. Therefore, the correct answer is Q1 and Q4.

The given answer is the best option for the team because it suggests that the calculated total expected should always be lower than the total cost. This means that the team should either reduce the cost before release or increase the selling price in order to ensure that the expected gain from the release outweighs the cost. This approach ensures that the team is making a profitable decision and considering the financial aspect of the release.

The correct answer is i, iii, and iv. Experience from previous projects would provide relevant information as it can help identify potential issues and defects that may reappear in the new functionality. User profile, system configuration, and other contextual information are also important as they can help determine if the new functionality would work effectively in different scenarios. Information on defects from current and previous projects is crucial as it can help identify any existing issues that may affect the new functionality.

A test execution tool allows business staff and developers to express product behavior using natural language and defined keywords. This tool allows them to write and execute test cases in a way that is easily understandable and accessible to both technical and non-technical team members. It provides a platform for collaboration and communication between different stakeholders involved in the testing process, enabling them to effectively express and validate the desired behavior of the product.

Acceptance Test Driven Development (ATDD) is a software development approach where test cases are created before the code is developed. These test cases are based on the acceptance criteria defined by the stakeholders. One of the benefits of ATDD is that it creates reusable test cases for the regression suite. These test cases can be used to ensure that the software continues to function correctly after future changes or updates. Therefore, the statement "creates reusable test cases for regression suite" is true for Acceptance Test Driven Development.

The user story mentions that there are other middleware and production web applications running in the same web application server. This indicates that there may be dependencies and interactions between the user story and these existing components. Quadrant 2 (Technology Facing, Supporting) is used to test the user story against these existing components to ensure compatibility and integration. Quadrant 4 (Business Facing, Supporting) is used to test the user story against the production web application to ensure that it meets the business requirements and resolves any ambiguity. Therefore, the correct answer is Q2 and Q4.

Behavior Driven Development (BDD) is an approach that combines software development and testing. It focuses on testing the expected behavior of the software, making it easier for stakeholders to understand. BDD also encourages collaboration between developers to define accurate unit tests, helping to ensure the quality of the software. In BDD, tool-generated code is used by developers to create automated tests, which can be included in a continuous integration framework for automation. Therefore, the best description of BDD is that it involves ii, iii, and iv.

During the risk mitigating process taken during an iteration, it is true that high-risk items are done first (i) and low-risk items are done last (ii). This approach allows the team to address the most critical risks early on, reducing the potential impact on the project. Additionally, it ensures that lower-risk items are tackled towards the end, minimizing the chances of any significant disruptions. The answer does not include (iii) or (iv), as planning poker sessions can be used to prioritize tasks but not specifically for risk mitigation, and the Scrum master does not solely decide the best option to mitigate risks as it is a collaborative effort.