ISTQB Foundation Level Agile Tester - Extension. Ctfl-at : Chapter 3

The team should have conducted a specification workshop where the user stories are analyzed, discussed, and written collaboratively. This would ensure that there is clear communication and understanding between the team members and the business representatives, reducing the chances of misunderstandings in the user stories. By involving all relevant parties in the process, the team can gather different perspectives and ensure that the user stories accurately reflect what the user originally wanted. This collaborative approach promotes better alignment and reduces the risk of developing incorrect features or functionality.

The agile team can effectively find story points for a particular story by conducting a planning poker session or using any consensus-based strategy. This approach involves all team members, including developers, product owners, and business representatives, coming together to collectively estimate the story points. Through discussion and debate, the team reaches a consensus on the complexity and effort required for the story, resulting in a more accurate measurement of story points. This collaborative approach ensures that different perspectives and expertise are considered, leading to a more comprehensive understanding of the story's size and complexity.

The role of a tester in Scrum is to define test metrics that can measure the test process, test progress, and product quality. This involves creating specific metrics that can be used to track and evaluate the effectiveness of the testing activities. By having these metrics in place, the tester can provide the necessary information to the business stakeholders about the test progress and product quality as the development proceeds through iterations. This allows the stakeholders to have a clear understanding of the current state of the project and make informed decisions based on the test metrics provided by the tester.

In this situation, the best course of action for the team is to leverage the cross-functional nature of the Scrum team. Since two testers have quit, it is important for the remaining team members to utilize their diverse skills and expertise to ensure thorough testing of the major functionality. This approach allows for the team to adapt and distribute the workload effectively, without relying solely on specialized testing experts or overburdening the remaining testers. Moving the major item to the next iteration once the staffing issue is resolved may cause delays, while expecting the remaining testers to work harder may lead to burnout and compromise the quality of the testing.

In this scenario, the team should re-assess the risks by identifying any new risks that may arise from the customer's new requirements and changes. They should also determine the level of risk associated with these new requirements and develop a mitigation strategy accordingly. This is important in order to keep the risk low and ensure that the team can effectively handle any potential challenges or issues that may arise due to the changes.

Equivalence partitioning would be the ideal black-box testing technique to test the given user story. This technique involves dividing the input values into groups or partitions that are expected to exhibit similar behavior. In this case, the grades are divided into ranges (A, A-, B+, B, B-) and each range represents a partition. By selecting test cases from each partition, we can ensure that the system handles all possible scenarios correctly.

The risk factors for the given user stories include performance, usability, recovery, scalability, and interoperability. Performance is a risk factor because the system should not take more than 3 seconds to search for books. Usability is a risk factor because the search functionality should be easy to use. Recovery is a risk factor because the system should be able to recover within 2 minutes in case the web server crashes. Scalability is a risk factor because any new functionality should be modularized and added to the existing build module by module. Interoperability is a risk factor because the web application should not interfere with other web applications running under the same container.

The user story states that efficient use of memory is vital for the application. This requirement falls under the technical risks category, which is covered by test quadrant Q4. Therefore, Q4 only is needed to test the user story.

The tester should actively acquire the necessary information instead of relying solely on the available documentation. As a part of the Scrum team, it is important to proactively gather all the required information to create comprehensive test cases. This approach ensures that the tester has a complete understanding of the system being tested and can develop effective test cases. Consulting with the Scrum master and postponing the test cases for later iterations may be considered, but the immediate action should be to actively acquire the necessary information.

The effective use of testing Quadrants ensures that all important test levels and test types are included into the development lifecycle. This means that different types of testing, such as unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing, are all considered and incorporated at the appropriate stages of the development process. By doing so, it helps to identify and address any potential issues or bugs early on, leading to a higher quality and more reliable end product.

disaster recovery + beta testing = Q4 and Q3

A decision table is the ideal black box testing strategy to develop test cases for the given user story. A decision table allows us to systematically test different combinations of conditions and actions, which is exactly what is needed in this case. The user story provides specific rules for different scenarios, and a decision table can help us test all possible combinations of these rules to ensure that the premium is calculated correctly.

The scrum team will make decisions regarding automated test cases by including the testers and making the decision regarding test design and implementation collaboratively. This means that all team members, including the testers, will be involved in the decision-making process and contribute to the design and implementation of the automated test cases. This approach ensures that the expertise and insights of the testers are taken into account and allows for a more comprehensive and effective regression suite.

Test-First Development is a software development approach where tests are written before the actual code. This approach is primarily unit level and code focused, meaning it focuses on testing individual units of code. By writing tests first, it helps the developer to have a clearly defined expected result in mind before writing the actual code. This ensures that the code meets the desired functionality and helps in catching any potential bugs or issues early in the development process.

Testers can contribute to satisfying customers regarding the testing approach by providing information to the stakeholders regarding the testing process. By communicating the details of the testing activities, including the test design, execution, and results, testers can help build trust and confidence in the effectiveness of the tests. This transparency allows stakeholders to understand the steps taken to ensure the stability, robustness, and fulfillment of functional needs in the released software. Providing information helps address the skepticism and assures the stakeholders that the testing approach is thorough and reliable.

Test-Driven Development (TDD) is a software development approach where tests are written before the actual code. It is primarily unit level and code focused, as it aims to ensure that each unit of code functions correctly. The number of test cases increases with every new piece of code, as each new functionality needs to be tested thoroughly. However, TDD does not directly help with creating user stories. User stories are typically used in Agile development to capture requirements from the user's perspective. TDD focuses more on the technical implementation and ensuring the correctness of the code.

Agile teams may opt for all-inclusive tools like application lifecycle management or task management tools because they provide functions such as a dashboard, task board, and burndown charts. These features allow the team to have a centralized view of their project progress, track tasks and their status, and monitor the team's velocity and progress over time. This helps in facilitating effective project management and collaboration within the team. Additionally, these tools can also automate continuous integration, which is a crucial aspect of the agile approach, ensuring that changes made by team members are integrated and tested regularly.

The missing step in the process is to identify the quality risks associated with the backlog items. While the team has gathered all team members, listed all product backlog items, assessed risk level for all risk items, estimated test effort according to risk level, and selected a strategy to mitigate risk, they have not specifically identified the quality risks associated with the backlog items. This step is crucial in order to understand and address any potential quality issues that may arise during the project.

Burn down chart is created by Scrum Master, not tester.

A cloud computing and virtualization tool can provide a server snapshot, allowing developers to analyze the system's state at a specific point in time. This snapshot can be helpful in identifying and solving bugs as developers can examine the server's configuration, settings, and data. By using cloud computing and virtualization, developers can easily create and access these snapshots without disrupting the live environment, enabling them to effectively debug and troubleshoot issues.

Testers in an agile project are developing use case testing as a part of black box testing strategy. User behavior would likely help testers to devise use case test cases because understanding how users interact with the system can provide insights into potential scenarios and actions that need to be tested. By considering user behavior, testers can ensure that the system functions correctly in real-world situations and meets the needs and expectations of the users.

test cases should not add to the story. The story says nothing about performance nor did it say anything about what would happen when a manager wants to print.

A State Transition Diagram/Table is ideal to test the given user story because it helps to visualize and analyze the different states and transitions that occur when clicking on Utilities. It allows for testing the expected behavior of the system based on the user's actions and ensures that the screen displays the correct items such as the calculator, watch, weather, and map. Additionally, it ensures that clicking on the watch brings up the Alarm screen first, as specified in the user story.

A defect taxonomy of categorization of defects would ease the creation of test cases in iteration 5 because it provides a systematic way to classify and categorize different types of defects. This allows the team to identify patterns and commonalities among the bugs that occurred in previous iterations, making it easier to anticipate and test for similar issues in the current iteration. By having a clear understanding of the types of defects that are likely to occur, the team can prioritize their testing efforts and develop more targeted and effective test cases.

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Configuration management tools are used primarily for traceability and rapid changes (code churn). Traceability refers to the ability to track and manage changes made to a system, ensuring that any modifications can be traced back to their source. Rapid changes, such as frequent code churn, require a tool that can efficiently handle and manage these changes. Therefore, the main reasons to use configuration management tools are i) traceability and ii) rapid changes.

To make better test cases and find more errors, the tester should focus on asking more relevant and quality questions regarding the system. This approach helps in gaining a deeper understanding of the system and identifying potential areas of weakness or vulnerabilities. By asking targeted questions, the tester can design more effective test cases that cover critical aspects of the system and increase the chances of finding errors.

User case testing is the ideal blackbox testing technique to test the given user story. User case testing involves testing the system by simulating real-world scenarios or use cases that the user would perform. In this case, the user story states that the manager should be able to perform various actions such as adding, deleting, modifying, updating, and printing employee records. User case testing would involve creating test cases that cover these specific actions and verifying if the system behaves as expected in each scenario.

An exploratory tester can follow the strategy of causing interruptions, such as turning the system on and off, performing shutdowns and reboots, to see how the system behaves when it crashes and how quickly it recovers from that state. This strategy allows the tester to observe the system's response to different interruptions and assess its stability and recovery capabilities.

Configuration management tools are important to agile teams because they enable automation at all levels and help in managing associated test artifacts. These tools allow for the seamless integration of configuration management into the continuous integration process, ensuring that changes and updates are automatically implemented and tracked. This automation not only saves time and effort but also ensures that project status can be quickly updated, allowing for efficient iteration planning. Additionally, the ability to manage and track test artifacts is crucial in agile development, as it helps in ensuring the quality and reliability of the software being developed.

The test cases developed above match with Quadrant 1 (Q1) and Quadrant 4 (Q4). Quadrant 1 represents tests that are focused on preventing defects, such as compiling and executing the integrated build within a time limit. Quadrant 4 represents tests that evaluate the system as a whole, such as running unit tests in a loop until they pass. Both of these quadrants align with the given test cases.

The relevant test cases for the given user story are i and iv only. Test case i checks if the system prevents a student from registering for a course with a grade above C+, which is a requirement mentioned in the user story. Test case iv checks if a student is able to register for a course with a grade point of C+ or lower, which is another requirement mentioned in the user story. Test cases ii, iii, and v are not relevant to the user story as they do not directly relate to the ability of a student to retake a course with a grade point of C+ or lower.

An Application life cycle management tool does not serve the purpose of creating, maintaining, and sharing a knowledge base. This tool is primarily used to record user stories along with their development and test tasks, help in efficient iteration planning sessions, and automatically calculate a current estimated snapshot of user stories. The creation, maintenance, and sharing of a knowledge base are typically handled by other tools or processes specifically designed for that purpose.

The best option for the team is to reduce the cost before release or increase sell. This is because the calculated total expected should always be lower than the total cost. By reducing the cost or increasing the sell, the team can ensure that the expected gain from the release will surpass the cost, making it a profitable endeavor.

Acceptance Test Driven Development (ATDD) focuses on creating test cases that define the desired behavior of the software system from the perspective of the end user. These test cases are created collaboratively by the development team and stakeholders, and they serve as a specification for the system's functionality. As a result, these test cases can be reused for regression testing, ensuring that any changes or updates to the system do not introduce new bugs or break existing functionality. Therefore, the statement "creates reusable test cases for regression suite" is true.

Testers can use the approach of Mind Mapping to provide information regarding the test process to stakeholders. Mind Mapping is a visual tool that helps in organizing and presenting information in a structured and easily understandable manner. It allows testers to identify the test session, show test strategies, and describe test data effectively. Therefore, the correct answer is "iv only."

The given information corresponds to both a test charter and a test condition. A test charter is a high-level description of the goal or objective of the testing activity, which in this case is to perform exploratory testing as a manager to see and edit/update employees' salary. A test condition is a specific attribute or characteristic that needs to be tested, which in this case is the ability to see and edit/update employees' salary when logged in as a manager.

The correct answer is i and ii. This means that during the risk mitigating process taken during iteration, high risk items are done first and low risk items are done last. This approach allows the team to address the most critical risks first and then move on to less risky items. By prioritizing high risk items, the team can minimize the potential impact of these risks on the project. Similarly, addressing low risk items last ensures that the team focuses on the most important risks first and does not waste time and resources on less critical risks.

Experience from previous projects would provide relevant information as test basis because it can help identify potential issues that may arise when introducing new functionality. User profile, system configuration, and other related information would also be relevant as it can help determine how the new functionality may impact different users and environments. Information on defects from current and previous projects would be useful as it can help identify any recurring issues or patterns that may reappear in the new added functionality.

The correct answer is i and ii.


i. Making test cases before start coding (e.g. TDD, Acceptance test-driven Development, BDD) - This method emphasizes on writing test cases before writing the actual code, ensuring that the code meets the desired requirements from the beginning. This aligns with the principle of early testing as it allows for early detection and prevention of defects.

ii. Test Pyramid technique, having a large number of tests at the bottom of the pyramid - The test pyramid technique suggests having a larger number of unit tests at the bottom of the pyramid, which are executed early in the development process. This also aligns with the principle of early testing as it focuses on catching defects at the earliest stage possible.

The given acceptance criteria that are testable are as follows:
- The final executable archive file should be less than 1GB. This can be tested by checking the size of the archive file after it is built.
- The web container must be open source. This can be tested by verifying the source code and licensing of the web container.
- The market data (external) must come from New York Stock Exchange Only. This can be tested by checking the source of the market data and ensuring it is from the specified exchange.

The user story states that there are other middleware and production web applications running in the same web application server. This suggests that integration testing is necessary to ensure that all the components work together properly. Quadrant 2 (System Integration Testing) is used to test the integration of different components or systems, which aligns with the need to test the user story in the production environment. Additionally, Quadrant 4 (Operational Testing) is used to test the behavior and performance of the system in its intended production environment, which again aligns with the user story's requirement to test in the production environment. Therefore, Q2 and Q4 are the appropriate quadrants for testing this user story.

Behavior Driven Development (BDD) is an approach that involves collaboration between developers, testers, and stakeholders in order to define accurate unit tests. It focuses on testing the expected behavior of the software, making it easier for stakeholders to understand. BDD also involves the use of tool-generated code by developers to create automated tests. This approach does not specifically mention the inclusion of tests in a continuous integration framework or the creation of reusable test cases for regression testing. Therefore, the correct answer is ii, iii, and iv.