Introduction To Organic Chemistry

Hydrogen is the fuel that, on combustion, does not form a pollutant. When hydrogen is burned, the only byproduct is water vapor, making it a clean and environmentally friendly fuel option. Unlike petrol, diesel, and natural gas, hydrogen combustion does not release harmful pollutants such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, or particulate matter into the atmosphere. Therefore, hydrogen is considered a cleaner alternative fuel that can help reduce air pollution and mitigate the effects of climate change.

Each homologous series has its functional group, which gives rise to its unique chemical properties. The functional group is a specific group of atoms or bonds within a molecule that determines its reactivity and behavior. Different functional groups have different arrangements of atoms and therefore different chemical properties. For example, the presence of a hydroxyl group (-OH) in an alcohol gives it the ability to form hydrogen bonds and exhibit properties such as solubility in water. Thus, the functional group plays a crucial role in defining the characteristics and behavior of a homologous series.

Kerosene is the correct fraction for aircraft fuel. Kerosene has a high energy content and a low freezing point, making it suitable for use as aviation fuel. It is commonly used in jet engines to power aircraft.

Petrol has the lowest boiling point among the given fractions from the fractional distillation of petroleum. This is because petrol consists of lighter hydrocarbon molecules compared to the other fractions. These lighter molecules have weaker intermolecular forces, which results in a lower boiling point.

Alkanes are hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. Methane (CH4) is the simplest alkane, consisting of one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colorless, odorless gas that is the main component of natural gas. Methane is also a potent greenhouse gas, contributing to climate change.