Immunology Study Questions

1. Which of the following forms of exposure places a technologist at the highest risk for infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Aersol

Ingestion

Needlestick

Splash

2. Antibodies are secreted by

Killer cells

Marrow stem cells

Mast cells

B cells

3. The immunoglobulin class associated with hypersensitivity or allergenic reactions:

IgA

IgM

IgD

IgE

4. The serologic test for syphilis recommended for detecting antibody in cerebrospinal fluid is

Non-treponemal antibody

CSF-VDRL

FTA-ABS

MHA-TP

5. IgA is found in: 1. Saliva 2. Tears 3. Colostrum 4. Serum

1, 2, & 3

1 & 3

4

All

6. Cells involved in phagocytosis include: 1. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil 2. Monocytes 3. Histiocytes 4. Macrophages

1, 2, & 3

1 & 3

4

All of the above

7. When testing a patient for HIV antibody, which of the following is used to confirm a positive screening test?

Radioimmunoassay

Western blot

Immunofluorescence

ELISA

8. Infectious mononucleosis is a disease caused by a

Virus

Bacterium

Fungus

Spirochete

9. With which of the following immunoglobulin classes is secretory component or transport piece associated?

IgA

IgD

IgE

IgG

10. A serologic test for syphilis that depends upon the detection of cardiolipin-lecithin-cholesterol antigen is:

FTA-ABS

RPR

MHA-TP

TPI

11. The immunoglobin isotype that is bound to mast cells or basophils is

IgG

IgE

IgM

IgD

12. Which of the following immunoglobulins is the most efficient agglutinator?

IgG

IgA

IgM

IgE

13. While performing a test for febrile agglutinins, an analyst observes that the first 3 tubes have no reaction, the next 4 tubes have agglutination, and the last 3 tubes show no agglutination. Tubes #1, 2 and 3 indicate:

Prozone phenomenon

Antigen excess

Equivalence

Postzone phenomenon

14. A 26 year old nurse developed fatigue, a low-grade fever, polyarthralgias and urticaria. Two months earlier she has cared for a patient with hepatitis. Which of the following findings are liely to be observed in this nurse?

A negative hepatitis B surface antigen test

Elevated AST and ALT activites

A positive rheumatoid factor

A positive Monospot test

15. Which one of the following disorders is associted with autoantibodies to phospholipid?

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Gravees Disease

Hashimoto's Disease

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

16. Which of the following is an important cellular mediator of immune complex tissue injury?

Monocyte

Neutrophil

Basophil

Eosinophil

17. The more specific immunoassay procedure for serum HCG utilizes antisera against whivh subunit of HCG?

Alpha

Gamma

Chorionic

Beta

18. The most prevalent job related disease hazard in clinical laboratories is:

Tuberculosis

Hepatitis

AIDs

Meningitis

19. The Rheumatoid Factor:

Agglutinates inert substance

Precipitates inert substance

Hemolyzes red blood cells

Agglutinates gamma globulin coated inert substance

20. If 3 ml of a butter were added to a tube containing 1 ml of a standard reagent, the resulting dilution of the standard reagent would be:

1:2

1:3

1:4

3:1

4:1

21. Which of the following diseases is associated with a high circulating concentration of T3 and T4, but a low concentration of TSH?

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Graves' Disease

Hashimoto's Disease

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

22. A substrate is first exposed to patient's serum, then exposed to a fluorescent antihuman immunoglobulin. The procedure described is:

Fluorescent quenching

Direct fluorescence

Indirect fluorescence

Fluorescence inhibition

23. The causative agent for rheumatoid arthritis is:

An antigen

An antibody

A virus

Bacterial cells

24. The cold agglutinin test is used for the diagnosis of infection with

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Legionella pneumophilia

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Klebsiella pneumoniae

25. A false-negative cold agglutinin test may result if:

The specimen is centrifuged at room temperature

The cold agglutinin demonstrates anti-I specificity

The specimen is refrigerated prior to serum separation

Adult human O red cells are used in the assay

26. Which of the following causes 90% of post-transfusion hepatitis?

HAV

HBV

HCV

HDV

27. The visible serologic reaction between soluble antigen and its specific antibody is

Sensitization

Precipitation

Agglutination

Opsonization

28. Antibody class and antibody subclass is determined by major physiochemical differences and antigenic variation found primarily in the

Constant region of heavy chain

Constant region of light chain

Variable regions of heavy and light chains

Constant regions of heavy and light chains

29. Antigenic determinants for the RA factor are found on the patient's own:

IgG

IgA

IgE

IgM

30. In direct fluorescent antibody screening for the diagnosis of primary syphilis, which of the following labels is used?

Antibody for the presence of spirochetes in the chancre

Antibody for the presence of spirochetes in the skin rash

Antigen for the presence of circulating antibodies

Antigen for the presence of antibodies in situ

31. All of the following events are mediated by both the alternative and classical pathways except:

Proteolysis of C4 to C4a and C4b

Proteolysis of C3 to C3a and C3b

Proteolysis of C5 to C5a and C5b

Release of anaphylatoxins

32. Which of the following describes the relationship between test data and analyte concentration in the classical competitive binding immunoassay:

Directly proportional

Indirectly proportional

Relative

Non-specific

33. The initial immune response following fetal infection with rubella is in the production of:

IgG antibody

IgA antibody

IgM antibody

Both IgG and IgA antibody

34. Detection of which of the following substances is most useful to monitor the course of a patient with testicular cancer?

Alpha-fetoprotein

Carcinoembryonic antigen

Prolactin

Testosterone

17-ketosteroids

35. An important use of non-terponemal antibody (NTA) testing is in:

Establishing the diagnosis of acute active syphilis

Establishing the diagnosis of chronic syphilis

Evaluating the success of therapy

Determining the prevalence of disease in the general population

36. A rubella enzyme immunoassay which utilizes patient serum, rubella antigen, and enzyme bound to antibuman gamma globulin describes a/an ________ assay.

Inhibition

Competitive

Double antibody

Indirect

37. The rapid rise, elevated level, and prolonged production of antibody following a repeat exposure to antigen is called:

Hypersensitivity

Arthus reaction

Anamestic response

Primary response

38. Heterophile antibody of infectious mononucleosis is absorbed by:

Guinea pig kidney

Beef erythrocyte

Both

Neither

39. Which statement(s) is/are correct concerning the nephelometric determination of immunoglobulin levels? 1. Uses a beam of light to pass through a suspension in a cuvette. 2. Utilizes the precipitation of soluble antigen with its antibody. 3. Measures light that has been scattered as it passes through a suspension. 4. Most easily detects large particles formed by the reactants.

1 2 and 3

1 and 3

4

All