Idfx Mini Quiz

One of the ways territoriality manifests itself is with the personalization of space. Whether it happens in one's home, at the office desk, or in a waiting lounge, people will often arrange their environment to reflect their presence and uniqueness.

A field study should include many things, one of which is to determine potential noise problems, either from inside or outside the building.

Scaling makes it possible to represent a very large object on a piece of paper of limited size while showing accurate proportion and the true relationships between objects of different sizes.

Card readers would be the most cost-effective solution because they could provide access control as well as notification if there was an attempt at unauthorized entry.

Furniture plans are required to show the extent and locations of furniture. If existing furniture is being used the furniture plan also shows what existing furniture is being used and where it should be placed. For large installations it may even be necessary to have separate plans for new and reused furniture because the installation company requires one set of plans and the moving company requires another. On the furniture plan, each piece of furniture is given a code that identifies it and refers either to a schedule or to the furniture specifications.

Because the exact locations of furniture are important to an interior design project, separate furniture plans are often drawn. A furniture plan shows the location of each piece of furniture on a floor plan with corresponding code numbers that identify each piece. The plans are used to itemize the furniture for pricing and ordering, as well as to show the installers where to put each piece during installation.

The spiral staircase cannot be used in a commercial space and is for residential use under specific conditions only.

A designer will coordinate placement of equipment for Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning with the Mechanical Engineer.

A wall-hung lavatory gives the most open access, usually exceeding the minimum requirements. It can be mounted at any height.

ASTM is the American Society for Testing and Materials and is the organization that writes the majority of standards used in the United States. Although ASTM standards can be researched and purchased on the Internet, "on the internet" is too vague to be an accurate option. CSI is incorrect because the Construction Specifications Institute does not write or distribute standards. Sweets Catalog is incorrect because Sweets Catalog is a source of product data, not standards information.

In a fabric showroom, accurate color rendition is an important concern. Although the color temperature rating of a lamp gives a general indication of the lamp's "whiteness," the color rendering index (CRI) is a more accurate indication of how appropriate a lamp is for a specific application.

A drop ship order is simply a purchase order requesting that merchandise be delivered somewhere other than the address of the person or company ordering the merchandise.

Live loads include the weight of people, furniture and other movable equipment.

You must know the purpose of the presentation to use the most appropriate content, organization and tone ultimately enabling you to achieve your purpose.

The electrical engineer designs and produces the drawings and specifications for the power system (outlets and equipment) and the lighting system. On most projects the electrical engineer will also design the telephone system, signal systems and security systems. For large or complex projects, the interior designer sometimes draws a separate power plan or telephone plan showing the locations of electrical outlets, telephone outlets, and other signal systems.

Bubble diagrams graphically illustrate spatial relationships, and the adjacencies noted in the adjacency matrix.

Programming is a process during which information about a problem is collected, analyzed and clearly stated to provide a basis for design. It defines a problem before a solution is attempted. Programming is a problem analysis, whereas design is a problem synthesis.

The orientation of a building to the sun and prevailing winds affects heating, lighting and cooling costs. A building that can be placed in the shade of trees or another structure will remain cooler, thereby reducing the required cooling load. The building envelope protects the building occupants and plays a major role in regulating the indoor environment. The thermal mass of a building is an effective passive design technique. The thicker the concrete, brick or stone is on the exterior of the building the less electricity will be needed by the mechanical systems to keep the building cool. Lighting is often the largest contributor to a building’s energy use. Comingled recycling is a common method of recycling where waste is sent in one container to a facility where it can be separated into different recyclable components, but does not affect a building's energy use.

When selecting drapery for commercial, institutional and public residential application one of the most important considerations is flammability. This takes precedence over other criteria such as durability, fading resistance and style.

In addition to completing the various types of drawings and models used to communicate the three-dimensional aspects of the design, the designer must also communicate decisions about finishes and furnishings. Most often this is done with sample boards showing exact examples of the materials proposed for use. Actual samples are preferred to sketches, renderings or computer drawings because only a real sample can convey the accurate color, texture and look.

A good presentation requires all of the following: Know your audience. A client may not be familiar with technical terms used in architecture and interior design, so speak their language. Begin with the end in mind. Have a clear goal and be able to summarize the most important elements in plain language. Keep it simple. Use easy to follow content and graphics focused on the most important parts of the design, and explain it as simply as possible. Practice, rehearse with a colleague, a friend, or someone who is willing to listen and give honest feedback.

Embodied energy is the total energy required to extract, produce, fabricate and deliver a material to a job site, including the collection of raw materials, the energy used to extract and process the raw materials, transportation from the original site to the processing plant or factory, the energy required to turn the raw materials into a finished product, and the energy required to transport the material to the job site.

One of the basic theories of human motivation was proposed by Abraham Maslow. His conceptual model was a hierarchy of needs. According to Maslow's theory, humans have a variety of needs, which he divided into two group ranging from the most basic needs, such as for food and water, to more advanced needs, such as self-actualization, order and beauty.

Even for laypersons, perspectives show the most realistic view of three-dimensional space on two-dimensional media

Form or shape is generated with lines, planes volumes, and to a lesser extent points.

Specifying a wood veneer from an FSC certified source ensures that the wood came from a responsibly forested area. You will be able to provide your client with the aesthetic they want while maintaining ecologically sound sourcing.

When engaging in universal design, the most important purpose is to maintain functionality. Providing crank handles will allow for any user to easily open and close the windows as needed. Bay and Jalousie windows do not provide added functionality and wired glass is not necessary is this space.

2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design
305.3 Size. The clear floor or ground space shall be 30 inches (760 mm) minimum by 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum.

Non load bearing concrete block can be used when a fire resistant partition is required, such as between sleeping areas, but is more expensive and heavier than gypsum board. The designer should verify there is enough structural support for the additional weight, so it is not suitable for all floor structures.

Manipulating scale through the physical placement of walls, ceilings, and other architectural elements would be most likely to create the feeling of intimacy. The use of pattern, texture, and color, while important elements in setting a mood, can be neutralized if the physical size of the space is too great.

Ergonomic design would not be a criterion for a design of something that people did not come in direct contact with.

Reflected ceiling plans show partitions that extend to the ceiling and those that extend through the ceiling. They also show ceiling materials, building grid lines, notes calling out ceiling heights, changes in ceiling heights, locations of all lights, sprinklers heads, air diffusers and vents, access panels, speakers and any other item that is part of or touches the plain of the ceiling.

During site analysis the interior designer should determine if the building owner or client are interested in applying for a LEED Rating for their project.
Although most of the sustainability issues related to interior design are implemented during the schematic design, design development, and contract documents phases of the project delivery process, there are many decisions that are appropriately made by the client during programming.
These sustainability decisions include those that affect site selection, or selection of the building in which the tenant or interior design project will be located.
Site analysis may be part of programming or it may be a separate activity if the interior designer has not been hired to do programming.

In addition to maintaining health, the quality of indoor air affects people's sense of well being, and can affect absenteeism, productivity, creativity, and motivation.

The interior designer assists with the correct placement of the furniture according to the contract documents and answers any questions that may arise. However, it is the owner's responsibility to provide the following: adequate facilities for the delivery, unloading, staging and storage of furniture, fixtures and equipment, route to be used from point of delivery to final placement. Firm schedule for the contractor for the use of both the unloading facilities and elevators, any costs incurred by the contractor due to the owner's failure to conform to the schedule or due to other delays caused by owner, security against loss or damage to the furniture and fixtures stored at the site between the dates of deliver and final acceptance by owner. The owner is solely responsible for inspection when the items are delivered, final inspection of the installation and rejection of any work that is damaged or does not conform to the contract documents.

There are many information sources available to the interior designer when researching sources for FF&E, materials, and finishes. The following list includes some of the more common sources of information that interior designers can use to research and source FF&E: Sweets catalog, trade associations, manufacturers' product catalogs, manufacturers' representatives, and manufacturers’ websites.

In many cases, the interior designer has preexisting architectural drawings for the building in which the designed interior space will be located. In other situations, no existing drawings may exist, and the designer will have to measure and produce base drawings before schematic design can begin.

The Wyzenbeck abrasion resistance test determines the abrasion resistance of woven textile fabrics.

A reference standard specification is a variation of the descriptive specification type that describes a material, product, or process based on requirements (reference standards) set by an accepted authority or test method. These documents describe in great detail the requirements for products and requirements do not need to be repeated. Reference specifications are fairly easy to write and are generally short. Chances for errors are reduced and liability is minimized because industry standards and generally recognized methods of building are being used.

Potential biological contaminants in a building include the common problem of mold and mildew in addition to bacteria, viruses, mites, pollen, animal dander, dust, and insects. Mold spores require three conditions to grow: moisture, nutrient and a temperature range from 40 degrees F to 100 degrees F.

The MRT is an important comfort factor in cold rooms or in the winter because as the air temperature decreases, the body loses more heat through radiation than by evaporation. Even a room with an adequate temperature will feel cool if the surfaces are cold. Warming the surfaces by covering them with wall hangings or draperies or providing radiant heating panels are ways to counteract this effect.

At some convenient point below the plane a horizontal line is drawn across the paper. This is the horizon line and represents the place where the earth meets the sky, just as in the real three-dimensional world. The horizon line becomes the basis of the perspective view. The points where the horizon line intersects the two vertical lines projected from above become the vanishing points for the actual perspective drawing.

One of the most reliable ways to gather information is by observing what people do rather than listening to what they say. Observation is best used to verify information gathered in interviews or questionnaires or as a way of generating questions to determine the reasons behind the observed behavior. The danger of observation is jumping to conclusions without understanding why people are doing things in a particular way.

Post-industrial refers to materials generated in manufacturing processes (trimmings or scrap) that have been recovered or diverted from solid waste. Also called pre-consumer material. Denim insulation is made from post consumer materials because it has been recycled into from the waste of consumer products.

Construction plans, also called floor plans or partition plans, are the most common type of floor plan and are required for every project regardless of size or complexity. Construction plans are views seen as though a building were cut horizontally about 4 ft (1.2 m) above the floor with the top section removed.

When scaled drawings are going to be reproduced at a larger or smaller size than the original numeric scale, a written scale, such as ¼” = 1’- 0: will no longer be accurate. To overcome this problem and still provide an indication of scale, a graphic scale can be used. A graphic scale is a band of alternating light and dark portions, each of which represents a certain length. When a graphic scale is used, the measurement of scale is not dependent on having a scaled instrument; the graphic scale changes size in the same proportion as the drawing when reproduced. Although not as accurate as using a standard scale, a graphic scale is very useful when drawings are reproduced at odd size for presentation or publication. Graphic scales can be use alone, for presentation drawings, or with a numeric scale in case the drawing is resized.

When selecting drapery for commercial, institutional and public residential application, one of the most important considerations is flammability. This takes precedence over other criteria such as durability, fading, resistance and style.

For interior partitions, insulation is only good to dampen sound within the cavity of the partition.

Wool is the most fire resistant natural fiber. Cotton is the most flammable unless it is treated.

Wood chips and sawdust are the by products of production, and have not been made into consumer materials or products yet. Both are made from wood and cannot be replenished faster than can be used.

A triad and complementary are incorrect because they use colors that are widely separated around the color wheel. A monochromatic scheme uses only one hue with variations only in value and intensity.

With traditional drafting, either manual or with CAD, drawings are two-dimensional representations of the three-dimensional physical aspects of the project. A developing method of design, documentation and managing a facility is building information modeling (BIM). A three-dimensional model of the building or interior is created with BIM software. As the project develops, more detail is added to the model, which is shared through computer networking with all members of the project team. Because all the information about the building is in one model, individual drawings, such as floor plans, elevations or details can be easily produced with the appropriate commands. A BIM projected is considered a “smart” model because it is more than just lines representing objects: the individual objects, such as doors, or partitions, have information attached to them. Thus the model can be used to create an estimate of materials, door schedules, or cost estimates. In addition, because the model is there-dimensional and dimensionally accurate, interferences, such as between a structural bean and heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) ductwork, are detected by the software preventing problems when the job is under construction.

The client will have a list of the required functional spaces and the corresponding square footages. These may be based on a client's experience or on corporate space standards. Where square footage needs are not predefined, space for a particular use is determined in one of three ways: by the number of people that must accommodated, by an object or piece of equipment, or by a specific activity that has its own clearly specified space needs.

Proprietary specifications are the most restrictive specifications in that they call out a specific manufacturer's product. These give the interior designer complete control over what is installed.

To evaluate and specify the slip resistance of floor surfaces, the coefficient of friction (COF) is used. This is a measure of the degree of slip resistance of a floor surface and ranges from 0-1. The higher the COF, the less slippery the surface.

GFIs are required in dwelling units in the following locations: bathrooms, garages, accessory buildings at or below grade, outdoors, crawl spaces, unfinished basements, countertop receptacles in kitchens, laundry and utility rooms, within 6ft (1.8 m) of the outside edge of a wet bar and in boathouses. They are also required for receptacles in bathrooms in commercial (non-dwellings) occupancies.

Hazardous materials are chemical or biological substances that pose a threat to the environment or to human health if released or misused. There are thousands of products and substances that can be defined as hazardous. A few of the more common ones are asbestos, vermiculite, radon, lead and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

A base plan shows the layout of the existing building and is always necessary before beginning an interior design space plan.

Social distance, including both the close and far phase, ranges from about 4 ft to 12 ft. Option C is incorrect because it includes only the far phase of social distance.

For large or complex projects, the interior designer sometimes draws a separate power plane or telephone plan showing the locations of electrical outlets, telephone outlets, and other signal systems, like the locations of computer terminals, and intercommunication systems.

Reflected ceiling plans show a view of the ceiling as though it were reflected onto a mirror on the floor, or as though the ceiling were transparent and it was possible to see through it. Reflected ceiling plans show partitions that extend to the ceiling and those that extend through the ceiling. They also show ceiling materials, building grid lines, notes calling out ceiling heights, changes in ceiling heights, locations of all lights, sprinkler heads, air diffusers and vents, access panels, speakers, and any other item that is part of or touches the plane of the ceiling.

For interior design (as well as architecture, graphics, and other visual arts), balance is not quite as exact or objective as weighing objects on a scale, but the same principles apply. Some of the ways objects or elements vary in visual weight include the following. Large objects are heavier than smaller objects with the same form, shape, color and texture. Highly textured or detailed elements are heavier than plain elements. Dark elements are heavier than lightly shaded elements. Bright colors carry more "weight" than neutral colors. Complex or unusual shapes weigh more than simple shapes. Several small objects closely grouped can balance a single object with the same area.

Noise reduction within a space. In larger rooms, ceiling treatment is most effective, while in smaller rooms, wall treatment is more effective.

The curtain wall is the non structural part of the building facade designed to keep weather out and occupants in. It transfers wind load to the main building at connections at floors and columns.

Sometimes outlets are shown on the furniture plan and on the partition plan in small residential projects, but they would always be found on the power plan.

Gradation is the gradual modification of some feature of a composition, like a series of color changes.

As more black is added to a hue (color), the hue becomes a shade. A tone is created by adding gray.

Seating arrangement is one of the most common ways of facilitating group interactions. Studies have shown that people will seat themselves at a table according to the nature of their relationships with others around them. For intimate conversation, two people will sit across the corner of a table or next to each other on a sofa. For more formal or competitive situations, people will sit across from one another.

A programmatic concept is a performance requirement related to methods of solving a problem or satisfying a need.

An egress plan sometimes called an evacuation plan graphically shows a continuous and unobstructed path of exit travel from any point within a workplace to a place of safety (including refuge areas).

Construction plans, also called floor plans or partition plans, are the most common type of floor plan and are required for every project regardless of size or complexity. Construction plans are views seen as though a building was cut horizontally about 4ft (1200 m) above the floor with the top section removed. The floor plan is the most common type of plan. It is as if a horizontal cut were made through a building or a portion of a build about 5ft (1500 mm) above the floor, and the top portion were removed.

All options except the correct choice could easily be determined by simple inspection. The structural considerations and the feasibility of cutting through a loadbearing wall may not be readily obvious to an interior designer.

3/32" and 3/16" scales should never be used because they are too close to 1/8" and 1/4" scales, which are used most commonly. At 3/16", most people would assume the drawings were at 1/4", and possibly misread them.

Once a designer has narrowed the search for furniture to a few specific types, actual samples or mockups are often required for the designer and client to make a final decision.

Steps, or changes in horizontal level, create vertical movement and define space. As such, steps can create excitement in a space and emphasize the third dimension that is often lacking in interiors. Although they are often a limited possibility because of the fixed height of the existing building structure, even a few steps or a single raised platform can create a special space, signal a change in hierarchy or modify the scale of a room.

Three-dimensional computer models make it possible to view spaces from any vantage point and do fly-throughs as though the viewer were walking through the space. A hardcopy of any view can be easily printed. Most computer programs allow for rendering the accurate representations of finishes and materials. As with presentation models, creating a detailed, fully rendered computer model can be labor intensive and require skill in using a particular computer program, and are usually created by rendering specialists.

Writing a specification describing the methods to be used for recycling the carpet is the best way to make sure it is done. Adding these instructions to the drawings makes them part of the contract hereby requiring the responsible party to follow the instructions. The other three options do not place the requirement as part of the contract documents.

A fire partition with a rating of 1 hour, used in the following locations:
• walls separating dwelling units (i.e. apartments, dorms, assisted living)
• walls separating hotel guest rooms
• walls separating tenant spaces in covered mall buildings
• corridor walls
• elevator lobbies in institutional or high-rise buildings.

For any environment, but especially a healthcare facility, volatile organic compound emissions should be limited, and these can be found in paint and many other materials. Abrasion resistance is incorrect because if abrasion resistance were an important considerations, some material other than paint would be used. Chemical resistance is incorrect because for most areas of a hospital, chemical staining is not a problem. Flammability is incorrect because paint is so thin that it is not regulated; rather, the substrate would need to be flame resistant.

One of the most basic tasks the interior designer must perform as part of due diligence is acquiring a thorough understanding and documentation of the space in which the project will be located.
If the building being designed is not yet under construction, the interior designer must obtain a copy of the architect's drawings and review them, if the building already exists, whether it is newly constructed or an older building, the designer must review any available drawings and visit the site to completely understand the project context.

The body loses heat in three main ways: by means of convection, evaporation and radiation. Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of a fluid, either a gas or liquid. This occurs when the air temperature surrounding a person is less than the body's skin temperature, around 85 degrees F (29 degrees C). Heat loss through evaporation occurs when moisture changes to vapor as a person perspires or breathes. Radiation is the transfer of heat energy through electromagnetic waves from one surface to a colder surface. The body can lose heat to a cooler atmosphere or to a cooler surface.

For a set of construction drawings created by an interior designer the drawings are usually organized in the following sequence: title and index sheet, floor plans, reflected ceiling plans, elevations, details, mechanical drawings, electrical drawings, fire protection drawings.

Once a designer has narrowed the search for furniture to several options, actual samples or mockups maybe needed for the designer and client to make a final selection. If furniture samples need to be taken to the client's or designer's office, they may be obtained from a dealer. Large pieces may have to be viewed at the dealership or at a major merchandise mart. For items that are custom manufactured, such as workstations, full-size mockups can be constructed from cardboard, wood-panel products, or other materials. Both samples and mockups may take some time for a vendor to procure or assemble, so they should be requested well in advance of when a decision must be made.

Title and index sheet (if used): On large projects the first sheet often contains a large title and sometimes graphics identifying the project. In addition, this sheet may contain an index to the set of drawings, a list of standard abbreviations and symbols used on the job, project data required by the building department and general notes that apply to the entire job. On small projects, this information, if included, is placed on the first sheet of the set, which is usually the floor plan.

The most important thing to understand about rendering is that, regardless of style, it introduces qualities of illumination to a drawing. This means that good rendering introduces light into the drawing making it appear more natural and creating the illusion of three dimension.

Site Analysis is the investigation and evaluation of conditions within which the project will be completed. It's a form of due diligence in that the designer can only completely design the interior space after knowing the context of the project. Site analysis may be part of programming or it may be a separate activity if designer has not been hired to do programming. Site analysis includes the following tasks - review of architectural plans, measuring space, walking through space, photographing the space, understanding both the neighborhood and social context of the project.

Because of the way they operate center pivots cannot be used with a doorstop on the same side of the door on both jambs. This makes it difficult to seal the door against sound or light transmission on the hinge and strike sides.