Hardest Trivia Questions On Hospitality Law! Quiz

Privity of contract refers to the legal concept that the benefits and obligations of a contract are limited to the parties involved in the agreement. This means that only those who are directly involved in the contract have the rights and responsibilities outlined in it. Other third parties who are not part of the contract generally do not have any legal standing to enforce or be bound by its terms. Therefore, the given answer correctly identifies the concept of privity of contract as an explanation for the statement provided.

Stare Decisis is the legal principle by which judges are required to follow the precedents set by equivalent and higher courts. We want it rather than have each case decided individually because this makes law more predictable and constant. This means that previous decisions serve as a basis for future cases, providing consistency and stability in the legal system.

Common law and equity law later merged together. Common law refers to the body of law derived from judicial decisions and custom, while equity law refers to a system of law that provides remedies when monetary damages are inadequate. The merging of these two laws occurred to bring fairness and justice to legal proceedings. The combination of common law and equity law allows for a comprehensive legal system that considers both legal principles and equitable considerations in resolving disputes.

The correct answer is specific deterrence; general deterrence; rehabilitation; protection of the public. These four purposes of sentencing outline the goals that the criminal justice system aims to achieve through the imposition of penalties. Specific deterrence refers to the punishment given to an individual to deter them from committing future offenses. General deterrence aims to discourage others in society from engaging in criminal behavior. Rehabilitation focuses on reforming offenders and helping them reintegrate into society. Protection of the public ensures that the community is safeguarded from potential harm posed by the offender.

Mens rea is a Latin term that translates to "guilty mind" in English. It refers to the mental state or intention of a person while committing a crime. It is an important concept in criminal law as it helps to determine the level of culpability and intent of the accused. Mens rea takes into account factors such as knowledge, intention, recklessness, and negligence, and is often considered alongside the physical act (actus reus) when determining criminal liability.

In the discoveries stage of a civil action, both parties have the opportunity to present their issues, facts, and evidence. This stage allows each party to examine the other party under oath, which helps to gather information and uncover any relevant details that may be beneficial to their case. It is a crucial step in the legal process as it helps to ensure a fair and transparent trial by allowing both sides to fully understand and evaluate the evidence and arguments presented by the opposing party.

In a criminal procedure, there are three types of offences. The first type is a summary conviction offence, which is considered minor. The second type is an indictable offence, which is more serious. The third type is a hybrid offence, where the Crown has the discretion to choose whether to proceed summarily or by indictment.

Actus reus is a Latin term that refers to the "guilty act" in criminal law. It encompasses the physical act or behavior that is considered illegal or prohibited by law. In order to establish criminal liability, both actus reus and mens rea (guilty mind) must be present. Actus reus can include actions such as theft, assault, or any other unlawful behavior. It is an essential element in determining criminal responsibility and is necessary to prove that a crime has been committed.

The correct answer is criminal; civil; private; public; substantive; procedural. The divisions of law are categorized into criminal law, which deals with crimes and punishment; civil law, which deals with disputes between individuals or organizations; private law, which governs relationships between individuals or organizations; public law, which governs the relationship between individuals or organizations and the government; substantive law, which defines rights and obligations; and procedural law, which outlines the process for enforcing legal rights and resolving disputes.

Appeals are limited to matters of law, not fact. This means that when a case is appealed, the higher court will review the legal aspects of the case, such as whether the lower court correctly applied the law or made any legal errors. However, the higher court will generally not reexamine the facts of the case or make determinations about the credibility of witnesses. The purpose of an appeal is to ensure that the law was correctly interpreted and applied, rather than to re-litigate the entire case based on new evidence or different interpretations of the facts.

In a criminal case, the Crown must prove its case beyond a reasonable doubt, which means that there should be a 98% probability of guilt. This high standard of proof is necessary to ensure that innocent individuals are not wrongfully convicted. By requiring such a high level of certainty, the legal system aims to protect the rights and freedoms of the accused.

Private law is associated with interpersonal matters. This branch of law deals with legal disputes between individuals or entities, such as contracts, property rights, and family law. Private law governs the relationships and interactions between individuals, rather than the relationships between individuals and the government. It focuses on protecting the rights and interests of individuals in their personal and business affairs.

Civil law refers to the legal system that deals with private disputes between individuals or organizations. It is a branch of law that focuses on resolving conflicts and providing remedies for harm caused, rather than punishing criminal behavior. Civil law covers a wide range of matters such as contracts, property, torts, and family law. In contrast to criminal law, which involves offenses against society as a whole, civil law primarily aims to protect the rights and interests of individuals. Therefore, the correct answer is "civil" as it accurately describes the type of law that deals with non-criminal resolution of disputes.

Substantive law refers to the laws that define the rights and obligations of individuals and provide remedies for violations. It establishes the legal rights and duties of individuals, organizations, and governments. This type of law focuses on the substance of the legal matter, rather than the procedures or technicalities involved. Substantive law is concerned with the principles and rules that govern various legal issues, such as contracts, property, torts, and criminal offenses. It is the opposite of procedural law, which deals with the rules and processes for enforcing substantive law.

Discrimination based on merit refers to the practice of favoring one person over another based on their skills and abilities. In this context, the correct answer suggests that discrimination occurs when someone is preferred or given an advantage because they are more skilled than another person. This implies that merit, or the individual's qualifications and capabilities, is the determining factor in the discriminatory action.

The correct answer includes the fundamental freedoms outlined in Section 2 of the Charter. These freedoms include conscience, religion, thought, belief, opinion, peaceful assembly, and association. These freedoms protect individuals' rights to hold and express their own beliefs, thoughts, and opinions, as well as their right to gather peacefully and associate with others. These freedoms are crucial in promoting and protecting individual autonomy and diversity of ideas in a democratic society.

The Constitution Act and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms are significant because they ensure that human rights and freedom are protected, regardless of which political party is in power. These documents establish a framework for the rights and freedoms of all individuals in Canada, ensuring that they are not subject to the whims of any particular government. This provides a stable and consistent protection of human rights and freedom for all Canadians.

A fiduciary relationship exists when one person has the power to affect another person's property or legal interests. In this position, the person has a duty to protect the interests of the other. This means that the person with the power must act in the best interest of the other person and not use their power for personal gain or to harm the other person. The fiduciary has a legal obligation to prioritize the interests of the other person and ensure that their property and legal rights are protected.

A business can be found liable for discrimination if it is not wheelchair accessible because it violates the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities. The ADA requires businesses to make reasonable accommodations to ensure equal access for individuals with disabilities, including providing wheelchair accessibility. Therefore, if a business fails to provide wheelchair accessibility, it can be held liable for discrimination.

The Latin term "habeas corpus" translates to "you have the body" in English. This legal term refers to a writ or legal action that requires a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or court, ensuring that their detention is lawful. The phrase habeas corpus is commonly used in the context of protecting individual rights and preventing unlawful imprisonment.

The CHRA (Canadian Human Rights Act) defines discrimination as treating people differently, negatively, or adversely without good reason. This means that if someone is treated in a way that is different, negative, or harmful without a valid justification, it is considered discrimination according to the CHRA.

The correct answer is sexual harassment. The hospitality industry often relies on using sex or sexualized imagery to attract customers, which can create an environment where sexual harassment is more likely to occur. This can include inappropriate comments, unwanted advances, or other forms of sexual misconduct. Due to this reliance on sexual appeal, the industry is particularly vulnerable to cases of sexual harassment.

Vicarious liability refers to the legal responsibility an individual or entity holds for the negligence or wrongful actions of another person. This means that even if someone did not directly cause harm or engage in negligent behavior themselves, they can still be held liable for the actions of someone under their supervision or control. This concept is often applied in employer-employee relationships, where employers can be held responsible for the actions of their employees while they are performing job duties. Vicarious liability allows for accountability and ensures that those in positions of authority take responsibility for the actions of those under their supervision.

Employers cannot test for drug or alcohol dependency during the initial job application process because dependency is considered a handicap. This means that it is protected under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities, including those with substance abuse disorders. Therefore, employers cannot use drug or alcohol tests as a basis for denying employment to someone with a dependency issue.

Section 33 of the Charter allows a legislation to override the Charter. This means that in certain circumstances, the government can pass laws that may infringe upon the rights and freedoms protected by the Charter. However, this power is not unlimited, as the legislation must include a statement of justification and can only be in effect for a maximum of five years. This provision allows for a balance between individual rights and the collective interests of society.

The provinces address the limitation of the Charter being applicable only to governments, their agencies, and departments by enacting provincial human rights legislation. This legislation extends the coverage to both individuals and corporations, ensuring that their actions and behaviors are also subject to human rights standards.

Blind people do not need to prove their blindness before bringing their seeing eye dog into a restaurant. The use of a seeing eye dog is a recognized accommodation for individuals with visual impairments, and it is protected by laws such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). These laws prohibit discrimination based on disability and require businesses to allow service animals, including seeing eye dogs, to accompany their owners in public places. Therefore, blind individuals do not need to provide proof of their disability when bringing their seeing eye dog into a restaurant.

The correct answer is "consent; searches; emergency; plain view." Under the consent exception, police do not need a warrant if the person willingly gives permission for the search. Searches made in connection with an arrest are allowed without a warrant to ensure officer safety and prevent the destruction of evidence. The emergency exception allows police to search without a warrant if there is an immediate threat to life or property. The plain view doctrine allows police to seize evidence without a warrant if it is in plain sight and immediately apparent that it is illegal.

The phrase "habeas corpus" is a Latin term that translates to "you have the body." It refers to a legal principle that protects individuals from unlawful detention by requiring authorities to bring a person before a court and justify their imprisonment. The answer accurately reflects the meaning of habeas corpus by stating that it signifies the authority to possess or control a person's body.

Nepotism, which refers to favoritism shown to relatives or close friends by those in power, is not illegal in most cases. While it may be considered unethical or unfair, there are generally no laws that specifically prohibit it. However, in certain contexts, such as government or corporate settings, there may be regulations or policies in place to prevent nepotism and ensure fair practices in hiring and promotions. Therefore, the answer "yes" indicates that nepotism is generally legal, but it is important to consider the specific circumstances and regulations that may apply.

A legally binding contract can be either oral or written. This means that a contract can be formed through a verbal agreement or through a written document. Both forms of contracts hold legal weight and can be enforceable in a court of law.

A void contract is one that has no legal effect. A contract may be declared by a judge to be void if it is for illegal purposes, or if one of the six essential elements is missing.

When a contract is declared void due to illegality, the judge will not make an effort to return the parties to their previous position. This is because an illegal contract is considered void ab initio, meaning it is treated as if it never existed. Therefore, the parties are not entitled to any remedies or restitution for the contract. The illegality of the contract renders it unenforceable, and the parties are left without any legal recourse.

The correct answer is mutual; common; unilateral. The law recognizes three common mistakes, meaning mistakes that are frequently made. These mistakes can be mutual, meaning both parties are mistaken, common, meaning they occur frequently, or unilateral, meaning only one party is mistaken.

Promises made under a seal are binding even in the absence of consideration. In legal terms, a seal is a formal mark or symbol that is affixed to a document to indicate its authenticity and significance. Historically, documents that were sealed held a higher level of legal enforceability. Therefore, if a promise is made under a seal, it is considered legally binding regardless of whether there is any consideration (a benefit or detriment) exchanged between the parties involved.

An "invitation to treat" is a term used to describe a situation where someone is indicating that they are open to receiving offers. It is not an actual offer itself, but rather an invitation for others to make offers. In this context, the phrase "invitation to treat" is used to explain that an advertisement is not a binding offer, but rather a way to invite potential buyers to make offers. The person responding to the advertisement is the one who would be making the actual offer, based on the invitation to treat.

The correct answer is "innocent; negligent; fraudulent". This answer is correct because it follows the pattern of listing the types of misrepresentation in the order of least severe to most severe. "Innocent" misrepresentation refers to a false statement made without knowledge of its falsity. "Negligent" misrepresentation refers to a false statement made without reasonable care. "Fraudulent" misrepresentation refers to a false statement made knowingly and with the intent to deceive.

The correct answer is "property; personal care; medical treatment." Granting power of attorney allows someone to manage an individual's property, personal care, and medical treatment if they are unable to do so themselves. This means that the appointed person will have the authority to make decisions and take actions related to these aspects on behalf of the person who granted them power of attorney.

A minor can only be bound by a contract when it is for employment or apprenticeship, or for a necessity of life. This means that if a minor enters into a contract for these purposes, they will be legally obligated to fulfill their obligations under the contract. This is because employment and apprenticeship provide the minor with valuable skills and experience, while necessities of life such as legal advice, medical treatment, clothing, and transportation are essential for their well-being.

In a general partnership, each partner is jointly and severally liable for the contracts entered into by any other partner. This means that if one partner enters into a contract, all partners are legally responsible for fulfilling the obligations and liabilities arising from that contract. This principle is based on the concept of mutual agency, where partners have the authority to bind the partnership and each other in contractual agreements. Therefore, one partner can be held liable for contracts entered into by another partner in a general partnership.

The defense's primary goal is to protect the rights of the accused, regardless of their guilt or innocence. Their role is to ensure that the accused receives a fair trial and that their rights are upheld throughout the legal process. Therefore, whether the accused is guilty or not does not directly impact the defense's responsibility to provide a strong legal defense and advocate for their client's rights.

Employees are not obligated to inform their present or possible future employers of their handicap. This means that individuals with disabilities are not required to disclose their disabilities to their employers unless they choose to do so voluntarily. The decision to disclose a handicap is a personal one, and employees have the right to maintain their privacy regarding their disabilities.

A person can be refused employment or fired on the basis of a criminal record if a valid pardon has not been granted. This means that an employer has the right to consider an individual's criminal history when making decisions about hiring or continued employment. Without a pardon, the criminal record can be seen as a valid reason for refusal or termination.

Foreign embassies enjoy diplomatic immunity, which means they are generally exempt from the jurisdiction of the host country's courts. This immunity extends to their financial obligations, including unpaid bills for services such as renting a convention hall. As a result, they cannot be sued for non-payment. This principle is based on the need to maintain international relations and ensure that diplomats can carry out their duties without fear of legal action.

Criminal law is the correct answer because it is the branch of law that deals with crimes committed against the state or its citizens. It focuses on maintaining social order, deterring criminal behavior, and punishing individuals who violate the law. Criminal law aims to protect the political security of the state by ensuring that those who engage in criminal activities are held accountable and face appropriate consequences for their actions.

The Federal Court of Canada is the correct answer because it has the authority to handle various types of cases such as patents, copyright, trademark, aeronautics, maritime law, and inter provincial and federal-provincial disputes. As a federal court, it has jurisdiction over matters that involve federal laws and regulations, making it the appropriate court for these specific types of cases.

A gratuitous promise is a promise that is made without any expectation of receiving something in return. It is similar to a favor where one person promises to do something for another person out of kindness or generosity. In legal terms, if someone fails to fulfill a gratuitous promise, there is generally no legal remedy available because there is no contract or consideration involved.

Repudiation is when one party to a contract refuses to fulfill their obligations, resulting in a breach of contract. In this situation, the innocent party who has been harmed by the breach has the right to sue for damages. They can seek compensation for any losses or harm they have suffered as a result of the other party's repudiation of the contract.

In a criminal case, the burden of proof is set at 98% "beyond a reasonable doubt." This means that the prosecution must prove the defendant's guilt to a very high degree of certainty. On the other hand, in a civil case, the burden of proof is set at a lower standard of 52%. This means that the plaintiff only needs to prove their case by a preponderance of the evidence, showing that it is more likely than not that the defendant is responsible for the harm or wrongdoing. Therefore, it is easier to find someone guilty in a civil case compared to a criminal case due to the difference in the burden of proof.

In the context of contracts, "option" refers to an agreement by an offerer to leave an offer open for a specified period of time. This means that the offerer is giving the offeree the opportunity to accept the offer within the specified time frame without the offer being revoked or changed. The option provides the offeree with a certain level of assurance and allows them to consider the offer before making a decision.

The two types of negligence are intentional and unintentional. Intentional negligence refers to a deliberate act or omission where harm or injury is caused to another person. Unintentional negligence, on the other hand, occurs when harm or injury is caused due to a lack of reasonable care or negligence, even though there was no intention to cause harm. Therefore, intentional negligence involves a deliberate action, while unintentional negligence involves a lack of care or negligence.

Consideration is the price that a party pays for the promise. In a contract, consideration refers to something of value that is exchanged between the parties involved. It can be in the form of money, goods, services, or even a promise to do or not do something. The concept of consideration is essential to ensure that both parties have something to gain or lose in the agreement, making the contract legally enforceable.

The six essential elements of the formation of a contract are offer, acceptance, consideration, intention, capacity, and legality. These elements must be present for a contract to be legally enforceable. The offer refers to one party making a proposal to enter into a contract. Acceptance is the agreement by the other party to the terms of the offer. Consideration is the exchange of something of value between the parties. Intention refers to the intention of the parties to create legal relations. Capacity refers to the legal ability of the parties to enter into a contract. Legality means that the contract must not involve any illegal activities or go against public policy.

The four elements of negligence are: existence of a duty of care, breach of the duty, injury resulting from the breach, and proximate cause of the injury. These elements are necessary to establish a claim of negligence. The existence of a duty of care means that the defendant had a legal obligation to act in a certain way towards the plaintiff. Breach of the duty refers to the defendant's failure to fulfill that obligation. Injury resulting from the breach means that the plaintiff suffered harm as a direct result of the defendant's actions or inactions. Proximate cause of the injury refers to the link between the defendant's breach of duty and the plaintiff's injury, establishing that the harm was reasonably foreseeable.

The correct answer is assault; battery; trespass; conversion; false imprisonment; intentional infliction of mental suffering; deceit; intentional interference with a contract. This answer includes all eight intentional torts that are commonly recognized in legal systems. These torts involve intentional acts that result in harm or injury to another person, such as physically attacking someone (assault and battery), unlawfully entering someone's property (trespass), unlawfully taking someone's property (conversion), unlawfully restraining someone's freedom (false imprisonment), intentionally causing emotional distress (intentional infliction of mental suffering), deceiving someone (deceit), and interfering with someone's contractual relationships (intentional interference with a contract).

A unilateral contract is an agreement where one party makes a promise in exchange for the other party's performance. In this case, the blank is filled with "unilateral," indicating that only one party is making a promise. The word "performance" is used to describe what the other party is expected to do in order to fulfill the contract. Therefore, the correct answer is "unilateral; performance."

When a contract is breached, there are several remedies that one would expect. Rectification is the process of correcting any mistakes or errors in the contract. Rescission allows the injured party to cancel or terminate the contract. Damages refer to the monetary compensation that the injured party may seek for the losses suffered. An injunction is a court order that prohibits the breaching party from taking certain actions. Specific performance requires the breaching party to fulfill their obligations as stated in the contract. Quantum meruit allows the injured party to claim a reasonable amount for the work or services provided.

The eight types of contracts that must be in writing are: land, marriage, co-signing, estate trustee's promise to pay out of own pocket, agreement involving minors that must be ratified when the minor is of age, longer than one year to complete, sale of goods over a certain amount when the money or the goods have not yet changed hands, and agreement to deliver goods at a future date.

The correct answer is "by performance; by agreement; by frustration; by operation of law". Contracts can be discharged by performance when both parties fulfill their obligations as stated in the contract. They can also be discharged by agreement when both parties mutually agree to terminate the contract. Frustration occurs when unforeseen circumstances make it impossible to fulfill the contract's purpose. Lastly, contracts can be discharged by operation of law when certain legal events, such as bankruptcy or death, make it impossible to continue with the contract.

The answer provided lists the nine exceptions to the privity of contract rule. These exceptions include tort law bypass, principal of agents, vicarious liability, corporation form by amalgamation, collateral warranties, novation, interest in land, assignment of rights, trusts, and life insurance policies. These exceptions allow for certain individuals or entities to be held liable or have rights under a contract, even if they are not directly involved in the contract itself.

Rescission refers to the act of setting a contract aside. It is a legal remedy that allows parties to a contract to cancel or terminate it. Rescission can occur when there is a material breach of contract, fraud, mistake, undue influence, or duress. It essentially restores the parties to their pre-contractual positions and releases them from any further obligations under the contract. Rescission is a powerful tool that aims to undo the contract and treat it as if it never existed.

A contract may be impeached for several reasons. Duress refers to a situation where one party is forced or coerced into entering into the contract against their will. Undue influence occurs when one party takes advantage of their position of power or authority to manipulate the other party's decision-making. If a mistake was made, such as a factual error or misunderstanding, it can invalidate the contract. Misrepresentation refers to a situation where one party provides false or misleading information to the other party. Lastly, if one party fails to demonstrate utmost good faith, meaning they act dishonestly or fail to disclose important information, the contract may be impeached.

To prevent potential legal action against your business, it is important to have standard operating procedures in place. These procedures outline the proper protocols and guidelines for employees to follow, reducing the risk of negligence or misconduct. Additionally, staff training is crucial to ensure that employees are knowledgeable about their responsibilities and the legal requirements of their roles. Regulatory adherence is also essential, as compliance with applicable laws and regulations helps to avoid legal issues. Record keeping is important for documentation purposes and can provide evidence in case of disputes. Waivers, disclaimers, and releases can help protect your business from liability by obtaining consent and limiting legal responsibility. Lastly, having insurance coverage can provide financial protection in the event of a lawsuit or other legal claims.

To benefit from the doctrine of voluntarily assumed risk, the defendant must establish five things. Firstly, the plaintiff must have known about the risk associated with the activity. Secondly, the plaintiff must have understood the risk, meaning they were aware of the potential harm that could result. Thirdly, the plaintiff must have had a choice to avoid the risk, indicating that they had the option to participate or not. Fourthly, the plaintiff must have voluntarily assumed the risk, meaning they willingly accepted the potential danger. Lastly, the defendant must not have breached any statutory duty that directly led to the injury suffered by the plaintiff.

The correct answer is consent; defence of property; defense of a third person; self defence; necesity; legal authority; lack of intention. These are the 7 defences to intentional torts. Consent refers to the agreement given by the victim to the defendant's actions. Defence of property allows the defendant to use reasonable force to protect their property. Defense of a third person allows the defendant to use reasonable force to protect another person. Self defence allows the defendant to use reasonable force to protect themselves. Necessity refers to the defendant's actions being necessary to prevent a greater harm. Legal authority allows the defendant to perform actions within their legal authority. Lack of intention refers to the defendant not intending to cause harm.

The Supreme Court of Canada has jurisdiction to hear all criminal, civil, and constitutional cases of significant public interest.

The correct answer is pleadings; discoveries; pretrial; trial; appeals. In a civil action, the first stage is the pleadings, where the parties involved file their initial documents outlining their claims and defenses. The next stage is discoveries, where both sides gather evidence and information through methods like depositions and interrogatories. After that comes the pretrial stage, where the parties may attempt to settle the case through negotiations or alternative dispute resolution methods like mediation. If the case does not settle, it proceeds to trial, where the evidence is presented and a decision is made. Finally, either party may file an appeal if they believe there were errors in the trial process or decision.

The correct answer is: Federal Court of Canada; Supreme Court of Canada; The Tax Court of Canada; The Court of Canadian Citizenship; The Court Martial Appeal Court of Canada.

This answer accurately lists the 5 types of Federal Courts in Canada. The Federal Court of Canada is a trial court that hears cases involving federal matters, such as immigration and intellectual property. The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court in the country and has the final authority on legal issues. The Tax Court of Canada handles cases related to taxation. The Court of Canadian Citizenship deals with matters related to citizenship. The Court Martial Appeal Court of Canada hears appeals from military courts.

The employer is allowed to discriminate against employees on the basis of drug and alcohol dependency in three situations. Firstly, if the dependency seriously and adversely affects the employee's behavior. Secondly, if it has caused the employee to repeatedly miss work or be late for work. And finally, if it has jeopardized the safety of the employer, other employees, or the public. In these situations, the employer has the right to take action against the employee due to the negative impact of their dependency on their performance and the safety of the workplace.

The correct answer is Governor General; Lieutenant governors. In Canada, the Governor General represents the monarch at the federal level and exercises royal prerogatives on their behalf. Lieutenant governors, on the other hand, represent the monarch at the provincial level and also have their own set of royal prerogatives within their respective provinces.

The Charter is binding on federal and provincial governments, their agencies and departments, but does not bind individuals or corporations. This means that the rights and freedoms outlined in the Charter apply to government entities at both the federal and provincial levels, as well as their agencies and departments. However, the Charter does not directly apply to individuals or corporations, as it is primarily concerned with limiting the power of the government and protecting individual rights.

The Charter deals with all human rights; the CHRA mainly deals with equality rights. The Charter is part of the Constitution, whereas the CHRA is a piece of federal legislation and therefore subject to change. The Charter applies to all levels of government; CHRA pertains to the federal government and areas within federal jurisdiction.

In this context, a bilateral contract refers to an agreement between two parties where both parties make promises to each other. This type of contract is formed when the promises are exchanged, meaning that both parties have agreed to fulfill their obligations. Therefore, the correct answer is "bilateral".

An offer can lapse if it is not accepted before it expires due to a deadline. Additionally, if there is no deadline specified, the offer can lapse if it is not accepted within a reasonable time. Finally, an offer can also lapse if a party involved in the offer dies, becomes mentally ill, or loses the capacity to contract.

Unconscionable transactions occur when a judge determines that a bargain was unfair. This can happen in three cases: lopsided bargaining power, where one party has significantly more influence or control over the transaction than the other; abuse of authority, where one party takes advantage of their position or power to exploit the other; and breach of fiduciary duty, where a person fails to act in the best interests of another party due to a position of trust or responsibility. These three factors contribute to the judge's assessment of whether a transaction is unconscionable.