Histology Mid Term Connective Tissue Questions Maktbt Hamed

Fibroblasts are responsible for synthesizing the fibers and matrix of connective tissue proper. They are the most common type of cell found in connective tissue and are involved in the production and maintenance of the extracellular matrix. Fibroblasts secrete collagen, elastin, and other components that make up the connective tissue, providing structural support and strength. They also play a role in tissue repair and wound healing by producing new connective tissue in response to injury or inflammation. Mast cells, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, and pericytes have different functions and are not primarily involved in synthesizing the fibers and matrix of connective tissue proper.

Macrophages are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the immune system. They are responsible for engulfing and digesting foreign substances, such as bacteria and dead cells, through a process called phagocytosis. This function allows macrophages to eliminate pathogens and debris, contributing to the body's defense against infections and promoting tissue repair. Therefore, option b is true about macrophages.

Fibroblasts are connective tissue cells that play a crucial role in the production and maintenance of the extracellular matrix. They secrete collagenous and elastic fibers, which provide structural support and flexibility to tissues. This secretion is essential for wound healing, tissue repair, and maintaining the integrity of various organs and structures in the body. Therefore, option c is true about fibroblasts.

Fat cells, also known as adipocytes, are specialized cells that store fat in the body. They possess a flattened peripheral nucleus and have a rim of cytoplasm around a large fat droplet, which allows them to store and release fat as needed. However, they do not secrete eosinophilic chemotactic factor. This factor is secreted by other cells, such as mast cells, and it attracts eosinophils to the site of inflammation or infection. Therefore, the correct answer is d. They do not secrete eosinophilic chemotactic factor.

Connective tissue proper is not ectodermal in origin. Connective tissue proper is derived from mesoderm, which is one of the three primary germ layers in embryonic development. The ectoderm gives rise to structures such as the skin, nervous system, and sensory organs. Connective tissue proper, on the other hand, includes tissues such as loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue, and adipose tissue, which provide support, protection, and storage functions in the body.

The correct answer is a. Fat cells are predominating. Adipose connective tissue is primarily composed of adipocytes, or fat cells. These cells store energy in the form of fat and provide insulation and cushioning for the body. Adipose tissue is found throughout the body, including under the skin, around organs, and in bone marrow. It is not rich in elastic fibers (b), found in the trachea and bronchi (c), or formed of a network of reticular cells and fibers (d).

Multilocular fat cells are the correct answer because they are the specific type of connective tissue cells found in brown adipose tissue. Unlike unilocular fat cells, which are found in white adipose tissue, multilocular fat cells contain multiple lipid droplets and have a higher number of mitochondria, giving them their characteristic brown appearance. Pericytes are a type of cell found in the walls of blood vessels, and fibroblasts are responsible for producing the extracellular matrix of connective tissue.

Plasma cells are a type of white blood cell that are responsible for producing and secreting antibodies. These antibodies play a crucial role in the humoral immune response, which is a part of the body's defense mechanism against pathogens. Therefore, option c is true about plasma cells. They do not develop from T-lymphocytes (option a), are not abundant in white adipose connective tissue (option b), and are not responsible for healing connective tissue after injury (option d).

Fibroblasts are not connective tissue cells responsible for defense and immune functions. Instead, they are responsible for producing and maintaining the extracellular matrix of connective tissues. Mast cells are involved in allergic reactions and immune responses, neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that helps to fight off infections, and plasma cells are responsible for producing antibodies.

Fat cells, also known as adipocytes, can be stained by Sudan III. Sudan III is a dye that specifically stains lipids, making it useful for identifying and visualizing fat cells. This staining technique is commonly used in histology and pathology to identify and study adipose tissue.

The tendons are composed of regular parallel bundles of collagen fibers. Collagen is a strong and flexible protein that provides structural support to the tendons, allowing them to withstand tension and transmit forces from muscles to bones. The regular arrangement of collagen fibers in tendons helps to increase their strength and efficiency in transmitting forces, making them essential for movement and stability in the body.

Silver stain is a specific staining technique used to demonstrate reticular fibers. Reticular fibers are a type of connective tissue fibers that provide structural support in various organs and tissues, such as lymph nodes, spleen, and liver. These fibers are composed of type III collagen and can be visualized using silver staining, which highlights their presence and distribution. Therefore, the correct answer is c. Reticular fibers.

Mast cells have metachromatic granules that can be stained by toluidine blue. Metachromatic granules are specialized structures within mast cells that contain substances such as histamine, heparin, and proteoglycans. These granules have the ability to change color when stained with certain dyes, such as toluidine blue, which helps in their identification and characterization. Therefore, option b is true about mast cells.

Areolar connective tissue is a type of loose connective tissue that is found throughout the body. It contains various types of connective tissue cells and fibers, such as fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and collagen and elastic fibers. Its main function is to connect and support organs and tissues. While areolar connective tissue does contain some fat cells, they are not predominating. Adipose tissue is the type of connective tissue that is primarily composed of fat cells. Therefore, the statement that fat cells are predominating in areolar connective tissue is false.

Orcein stain is a specific stain used to demonstrate elastic fibers. Elastic fibers are a type of connective tissue that provide elasticity and resilience to various tissues in the body. When stained with orcein, elastic fibers appear purple or brown, allowing for their visualization under a microscope. This stain is not specific for mast cells, reticular fibers, or collagen fibers, as they require different staining techniques for visualization. Therefore, the correct answer is b. Elastic fibers.

White collagenous fibers are not demonstrated by orcein stain. Orcein stain is commonly used to demonstrate elastic fibers, not collagenous fibers. Collagenous fibers are made of collagen proteins, are affected by acids and alkalies, and give tissues strength and rigidity.

White fibrous connective tissue is a type of connective tissue proper that contains numerous collagenous fibers. It is classified into regular and irregular types. However, it is not found in large blood vessels.

Mast cells are not undifferentiated connective tissue cells because they are specialized cells that are involved in the immune response and release histamine during allergic reactions. Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, reticular cells, and pericytes are all examples of undifferentiated connective tissue cells that have the potential to differentiate into various types of connective tissue cells.

The correct answer is d. They give tissues strength and rigidity. Yellow elastic fibers do not give tissues strength and rigidity. Instead, they provide elasticity and flexibility to tissues. These fibers help tissues to stretch and recoil, allowing them to return to their original shape after being stretched or compressed.

Mast cells are not involved in humoral immunity. Humoral immunity is mediated by B cells and the production of antibodies, while mast cells are involved in the innate immune response and release histamine and other inflammatory mediators in response to allergens or pathogens.

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