The Height Of Imperialism, 1800-1914 Chapter 21 A

Jose de San Martin is hailed as one of the "Liberators of South America" because he played a crucial role in the independence movements of several South American countries during the early 19th century. He is particularly known for his leadership in the liberation of Argentina, Chile, and Peru from Spanish colonial rule. San Martin's military strategies and victories were instrumental in securing independence for these nations, earning him the title of a liberator and a prominent figure in South American history.

Muhammad Ali was an Ottoman officer who took control of Egypt and established an independent Egyptian state. He is known for his reforms and modernization efforts in Egypt, including improvements in agriculture, education, and military. Muhammad Ali's rule had a significant impact on Egypt's political and social development, and he is often regarded as one of the most influential figures in Egyptian history.

The Indian National Congress was a group that advocated for a share in the governing process of India. It was formed in 1885 and played a crucial role in the Indian independence movement. The Congress aimed to represent the interests of the Indian people and push for political reforms, including self-governance and independence from British rule. Through various campaigns and movements, the Indian National Congress mobilized the masses and became a significant force in shaping the future of India.

By 1914, most of Africa had been colonized by European powers, leaving only two countries that were not under colonial rule: Liberia and Ethiopia. Liberia was established as a colony for freed slaves from the United States and maintained its independence throughout the period of European colonization. Ethiopia, on the other hand, successfully resisted European colonization and remained an independent nation. Therefore, the correct answer is Liberia and Ethiopia.

Direct rule is the correct answer because it refers to a system where the mother country takes direct control over the colony by removing the local elites from power and replacing them with officials from the mother country. This form of governance was common during the colonial era, allowing the colonizing power to have full control over the colony's administration and policies. This approach was often used to ensure that the interests of the mother country were prioritized and to maintain a tight grip on the colony's resources and economy.

The correct answer is "First War of Independence." The given options are all related to different historical events. The Indian revolt, known as the Sepoy Mutiny, refers to the uprising of Indian soldiers against the British East India Company in 1857. The Indian National Congress was a political organization formed in 1885 to advocate for Indian independence from British rule. "Europeans Conquered Africa" refers to the period of European colonization and imperialism in Africa during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Therefore, the most appropriate option that aligns with the given statement is the "First War of Independence," which refers to the 1857 uprising in India against British colonial rule.

Benito Juarez brought liberal reforms to Mexico, including land distribution to the poor. He was a Mexican lawyer and politician who served as the president of Mexico in the 19th century. Juarez implemented various progressive policies, known as the Reform Laws, which aimed to modernize and democratize Mexico. One of these reforms was the redistribution of land to peasants and indigenous communities, in an effort to address the extreme social and economic inequality in the country. Juarez's reforms had a significant impact on the social and political landscape of Mexico and are still celebrated today.

Rabindranath Tagore was an Indian author who was known for his work in promoting human dignity, world peace, and fostering mutual understanding and union between the East and West. He was a poet, philosopher, and social reformer who used his writings to advocate for these values. Tagore's works often explored themes of love, nature, and spirituality, and he was the first non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913. His contributions to literature and his efforts in promoting cultural exchange and harmony make him the correct answer to this question.

Emilio Aguinaldo is the correct answer because he was a prominent leader in the movement for independence in the Philippines. He played a crucial role in the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule and later became the first President of the Philippines. Aguinaldo's leadership and strategic planning were instrumental in the success of the independence movement, making him a significant figure in Philippine history.

Shaka is the correct answer because he was a talented ruler who successfully expanded and established the Zulu Empire. He is known for his military prowess and innovative tactics, which allowed him to conquer and unite various tribes under his leadership. Shaka's reign marked a significant period of growth and power for the Zulu people, making him a prominent figure in African history.

Henry Stanley was hired by King Leopold II of Belgium. This suggests that King Leopold II of Belgium employed Stanley for a specific purpose or mission, which could have been related to exploring or colonizing Africa. The statement does not provide any information about Stanley being a liar or a thief, or being the author of many cartoons. The fact that Stanley was hired by King Leopold II of Belgium is the only information given in the statement.

Mohandas Gandhi set up a nonviolent movement with the aim to force the British to aid the poor and grant independence to India. Gandhi believed in the power of nonviolence and civil disobedience as a means to bring about social and political change. Through peaceful protests, boycotts, and acts of noncooperation, Gandhi mobilized the Indian population and drew international attention to the injustices of British colonial rule. His leadership and philosophy of nonviolence played a crucial role in India's struggle for independence.

The phrase "white man's burden" refers to the belief held by Europeans during the colonial era that it was their moral responsibility to civilize and uplift primitive peoples around the world. This idea was used to justify European colonization and imperialism, as they believed they were bringing progress and civilization to less developed societies. The term became popularized by a poem written by Rudyard Kipling in 1899, which portrayed the duty of the white race to bear the burden of civilizing others. This concept was often used to rationalize the exploitation and subjugation of indigenous populations by European powers.

Great Britain controlled the greatest area in Africa. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, Britain had established colonies and protectorates in various regions of Africa, including Egypt, Sudan, South Africa, Kenya, Nigeria, and others. The British Empire's control over these territories allowed them to exert significant political, economic, and military influence over a vast area of the continent. This colonial presence played a crucial role in shaping Africa's history and development.

The Europeans' conquest of Africa led to the forced adoption of European customs by Africans. This colonization resulted in the imposition of European cultural practices, languages, and social systems on the African population. Africans were compelled to abandon their own traditions and adopt European ways of life, including religion, education, and governance. This cultural assimilation was a significant consequence of the Europeans' domination over Africa.

Francois-Dominique Toussaint-Louverture led the revolt in the French colony of Saint Domingue. He was a former slave who became a military and political leader during the Haitian Revolution. Toussaint-Louverture played a crucial role in the successful uprising against French colonial rule, leading the enslaved population in their fight for freedom. His leadership and strategic abilities were instrumental in securing independence for Haiti, making him a significant figure in the history of anti-colonial resistance and the abolition of slavery.

By seizing control of Mexico from Porfirio Diaz, Francisco Madero opened the door to a wider revolution led by Emiliano Zapata. This suggests that Madero's actions created a catalyst for further rebellion and uprising against the existing regime. It implies that Madero's actions were not the end of the revolution, but rather the beginning of a larger movement for change and social justice, with Zapata playing a significant role in leading this revolution.

As a result of increased exports, Latin America witnessed a growth in the middle sectors of society. This suggests that the prosperity brought about by increased exports led to an expansion of the middle class in Latin America. This growth in the middle sectors of society indicates that there was an improvement in living standards and economic opportunities for a larger portion of the population.

The passage states that Java is a colony of the Netherlands. This means that the Netherlands has control over Java and it is considered a territory or possession of the Dutch.

Mestizos were the largest group in the Latin American colonial system and they worked as servants and laborers. They were not at the top of the social classes and did not hold all the important positions. They were also not the ones who controlled land and business, as they were regarded as second class citizens. The enslaved group in the colonial system were the native peoples, not the mestizos.

Simon Bolivar joined Jose de San Martin's forces to complete the liberation of Peru. Simon Bolivar was a Venezuelan military and political leader who played a crucial role in the struggle for independence in South America. He formed an alliance with Jose de San Martin, a military leader from Argentina, to fight against Spanish rule in Peru. Together, they successfully liberated Peru from Spanish control and played a significant role in the independence movements in South America.

Sir Stamford Raffles established the colony of Singapore. He was a British statesman and founder of modern Singapore. Raffles arrived in Singapore in 1819 and recognized its potential as a strategic trading post. He negotiated with the local rulers and established a treaty that allowed the British to set up a trading settlement on the island. Under Raffles' administration, Singapore flourished as a major port and trading hub in Southeast Asia. His contributions to the development of Singapore are widely acknowledged, making him the correct answer to the question.

Lord Macaulay designed a new school system in India with the aim of training Indian children to serve in the colonial government and army. This was part of the British colonial strategy to maintain control over India by grooming a class of educated Indians who would be loyal to the British administration and help in the smooth functioning of the colonial government and military. This approach was focused on producing individuals who would be useful to the British colonial system rather than empowering the Indian population or promoting their own cultural values.

The correct answer is "works in Sanskrit have little value." This can be inferred from the statement that Britain will be best able to rule India if the study of Arabia and Sanskrit is encouraged. If the author believed that works in Sanskrit held significant value, they would not suggest that studying it would be beneficial for ruling India.

The correct answer is 10,000 feet. This is determined by the information given in the list.