The Height Of Imperialism 1890-1914 21-4 14

Explanation
Peninsulares refers to the highest social class in Latin America during the colonial period. They were individuals who were born in Spain and held positions of power and authority in the colonies. The term "peninsulares" specifically refers to those who were born on the Iberian Peninsula. This class enjoyed various privileges and held important positions in the government, military, and church. They had significant influence over the colonies and often held discriminatory attitudes towards other social classes, including the criollos (American-born Spaniards). The answer choice "peninsulares" accurately represents the most privileged Latin American class during this time.

Explanation
The correct answer is Monroe Doctrine. The Monroe Doctrine was a policy established by the United States in 1823, which stated that any attempt by European powers to colonize or interfere with countries in the Americas would be seen as a threat to the United States and would be met with military intervention if necessary. It was a guarantee by the United States to protect Latin America from Europe. This policy was significant in shaping the relationship between the United States and Latin America and asserting US dominance in the region.

Explanation
Caudillos were the leaders of the newly formed Latin American republics. They were strong military leaders who often gained power through force and ruled with authoritarianism. Caudillos like Santa Anna in Mexico and Benito Juarez in Mexico were influential figures in the region. The peninsulares were Spanish-born individuals who held high positions of power in the colonies. The Monroe Doctrine was a policy by the United States that aimed to prevent European colonization or intervention in the Americas.

Explanation
Santa Anna was a Mexican ruler who held power from 1833 to 1855. He was a prominent figure during the caudillos era in Mexico, which was characterized by strong military leaders who often seized control of the government. Santa Anna, a peninsulares, played a significant role in Mexican politics and was involved in numerous conflicts and revolutions. His leadership was marked by both successes and failures, and he is remembered as a controversial figure in Mexican history.

Explanation
The Monroe Doctrine is the correct answer because it was a policy issued by President James Monroe in 1823 that stated that the United States would not tolerate European colonization or interference in the Americas. It was a significant statement of American foreign policy and asserted the United States' dominance in the Western Hemisphere. It aimed to prevent European powers from establishing new colonies in Latin America and to protect the newly independent countries in the region. The other terms mentioned in the question, such as Mexican reform leader, caudillos, Santa Anna, peninsulares, and Benito Juarez, are unrelated to the Monroe Doctrine and do not provide a valid explanation.

Explanation
During the Mexican period of reform from 1855 to 1876, various changes were implemented, including the separation of church and state, land distribution to the poor, and the establishment of an education system. However, voting rights for women were not granted during this period of reform. This means that while the other options were outcomes of the Mexican reform, women's voting rights were not achieved during this time.

Explanation
Jose de San Martin and Simon Bolivar were prominent leaders in the South American independence movements during the early 19th century. They fought against Spanish colonial rule in various parts of South America, including present-day Argentina, Chile, Peru, Colombia, and Venezuela. Their efforts were instrumental in achieving independence for these countries from Spanish control. Therefore, the correct answer is Spain.

Explanation
Miguel Hidalgo, as a hero of Mexican independence after 1810, had studied the French Revolution. The French Revolution was a major event in history that had a significant impact on the world, including inspiring independence movements in various countries. Hidalgo, being a key figure in the Mexican independence movement, would have likely studied and been influenced by the ideas and principles of the French Revolution, such as liberty, equality, and fraternity. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that Hidalgo had studied the French Revolution.

Explanation
During the nineteenth century in Latin America, wealth, social prestige, and political power were primarily based on land ownership. Land was a valuable asset that allowed individuals to generate income through agricultural production and control natural resources. Owning large estates or haciendas provided individuals with economic power and influence in society. Additionally, land ownership often came with political power, as many landowners held positions of authority and were able to shape government policies in their favor. Therefore, land was the key factor in determining wealth, social status, and political power during this time period in Latin America.

Explanation
During the nineteenth century, Britain dominated the economy of Latin America. This can be attributed to the Industrial Revolution in Britain, which led to advancements in technology, transportation, and manufacturing. Britain's industrialized economy allowed them to establish strong trade relationships with Latin American countries, exporting manufactured goods and importing raw materials. British investments in Latin American infrastructure, such as railways and ports, further solidified their economic dominance in the region. This economic dominance had a significant impact on the development and modernization of Latin American economies during this period.