THE HEART AND ITS FUNCTION
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CHAPTER 17
- 1.Increase in the strength of myocardial contraction that occurs without stretching the heart
- A.
Positive inotropic effect.
- B.
Cardiac reserve
- C.
Stroke volume
- 2.Increase in the strength of myocardial contraction that occurs when the heart is· stretched
- A.
Heart rate
- B.
Cardiac cycle
- C.
Starling's law of the heart
- 3.Phase of the cardiac cycle that refers to contraction of the heart muscle
- A.
Diastole
- B.
Systole
- C.
Heart rate
- 4.Sequence of events that occurs in the heart in one beat
- A.
Cardiac reserve
- B.
Cardiac cycle
- C.
Cardiac output
- 5.Beats/min
- A.
Cardiac cycle
- B.
Cardiac output
- C.
Heart rate
- 6.Coronary blood flow is greatest during this phase of the cardiac cycle
- A.
Systole
- B.
Heart rate
- C.
Diastole
- 7.Determined by heart rate x stroke volume
- A.
Cardiac output
- B.
Cardiac reserve
- C.
Cardiac cycle
- 8.Amount of blood pumped by the heart in 1 minute
- A.
Cardiac output
- B.
Cardiac cycle
- C.
Cardiac reserve
- 9.70mL/bea
- A.
Cardiac reserve
- B.
Stroke volume
- C.
Cardiac output
- 10.The capacity to increase cardiac output above the resting cardiac output
- A.
Cardiac reserve
- B.
Cardiac output
- C.
Cardiac cycle
- 11.What the ventricles are" doing" when the atrioventricular (AV) valves are closed and the semilunar valves are open
- A.
Diastole
- B.
Heart rate
- C.
Systole
- 12.Amount of blood pumped by the ventricle per beat
- A.
Cardiac output
- B.
Cardiac reserve
- C.
Stroke volume
- 13.Its duration is 0.8 second with a normal resting heart rate.
- A.
Cardiac reserve
- B.
Cardiac cycle
- C.
Cardiac output
- 14.The phase of the cardiac cycle that refers to relaxation of the ventricles
- A.
Stroke volume
- B.
Systole
- C.
Diastole
- 15.Ability of the myocardium to match venous return and cardiac output on a beat-to-beat basis
- A.
Positive inotropic effect.
- B.
Starling's law of the heart
- C.
Cardiac output
- 16.Phase of the cardiac cycle that shortens most in response to tachycardia
- A.
Diastole
- B.
Systole
- C.
Heart rate
- 17.What the ventricles are "doing" when the AV valves are open and the semilunar valves are closed
- A.
Diastole
- B.
Cardiac output
- C.
Systole
- 18.5000mL/min
- A.
Cardiac cycle
- B.
Cardiac reserve
- C.
Cardiac output
- 19.Forms the basis of Starling's law of the heart
- A.
Ejection fraction
- B.
Afterload
- C.
End diastolic volume
- 20.The percentage of the end-diastolic volume (EOV) that is pumped
- A.
Ejection fraction
- B.
Inotropic effect
- C.
Chronotropic effect
- 21.The resistance or opposition to the flow of blood
- A.
Ejection fraction
- B.
Inotropic effect
- C.
Afterload
- 22.The amount of blood in the ventricles at the end of its resting phase
- A.
Dromotropic effect
- B.
End diastolic volume
- C.
Afterload
- 23.Change in the rate or speed of the cardiac impulse that travels through the conduction system of the heart
- A.
Chronotropic effect
- B.
Dromotropic effect
- C.
Inotropic effect
- 24.Example hypertension
- A.
End diastolic volume
- B.
Ejection fraction
- C.
Afterload
- 25.
- A.
End diastolic volume
- B.
Afterload
- C.
Ejection fraction
- 26.Also called preload
- A.
Dromotropic effect
- B.
End diastolic volume
- C.
Inotropic effect
- 27.Change in myocardial contractile force that is not caused by stretch
- A.
Chronotropic effect
- B.
Dromotropic effect
- C.
Inotropic effect
- 28.Change in heart rate
- A.
Chronotropic effect
- B.
Afterload
- C.
Inotropic effect
- 29.Three-pillow dyspnea
- A.
Left-sided heart failure
- B.
Right-sided heart failure
- C.
None
- 30.Hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), distended jugular veins aVOs), pedal edema
- A.
Left-sided heart failure
- B.
Right-sided heart failure
- C.
None
- 31.Pulmonary edema
- A.
Left-sided heart failure
- B.
Right-sided heart failure
- C.
None
- 32.Consequence of chronic lung disease such as emphysema and asthma
- A.
Left-sided heart failure
- B.
Right-sided heart failure
- C.
None
- 33.Backup within the pulmonary capillaries causing water to accumulate in the lungs
- A.
Left-sided heart failure
- B.
Right-sided heart failure
- C.
None
- 34.Cyanosis, dyspnea, orthopnea
- A.
Left-sided heart failure
- B.
Right-sided heart failure
- C.
None
- 35.Most likely to say "1 can't breathe
- A.
Left-sided heart failure
- B.
Right-sided heart failure
- C.
None
- 36.Most likely to develop in response to chronic systemic hypertension
- A.
Left-sided heart failure
- B.
Right-sided heart failure
- C.
None
- 37.Cor pulmonale
- A.
Left-sided heart failure
- B.
Right-sided heart failure
- C.
None
- 38.Actin and myosin, striated and involuntary are descriptive terms for the
- A.
Valves.
- B.
Myocardium
- C.
Great vessels
- 39.Seventy (70) mL/beat x 72 beats/min is the amount of blood that determines the
- A.
Ejection fraction
- B.
Stroke volume
- C.
Cardiac output
- 40.Which of the following terms describes myocardial contraction and relaxation?
- A.
Tachycardia and bradycardia
- B.
Systole and diastole
- C.
Depolarization and repolarization
- 41.Which of the following occurs during ventricular systole?
- A.
Blood is pumped out of the ventricles
- B.
The AV valves open
- C.
The semilunar valves close
- 42.The heart drug digitalis stimulates the parasympathetic nerve that supplies the heart. What cardiac effect is expected?
- A.
The valves open faster
- B.
The heart rate slows
- C.
The heart rate increases
- 43.Which of the following increases stroke volume?
- A.
(+) chronotropic effect
- B.
Decreased EDV
- C.
(+) inotropic effect
- 44.Stretching the heart causes the force of myocardial contraction to increase. This stretch effect is called
- A.
(+) ihotropie effect
- B.
Cor pulmonale
- C.
Stading's Law of the Heart
- 45.A chronic elevation in afterload, as in systemic hypertension, is most likely to cause
- A.
A left-to-right shunt
- B.
Left ventricular hypertrophy
- C.
Cor pulmonale
- 46.If heart rate increases to 170 beats/min
- A.
The length of diastole decreases
- B.
Preload increases.
- C.
Coronary blood flow increases.
- 47.An increase venous return of blood to the heart
- A.
Decreases EDV.
- B.
Increases preload.
- C.
Decreases cardiac output
- 48.Preload is most related to
- A.
Heart rate.
- B.
Starling's Law of the Heart
- C.
SA node activity
- 49.A drug, such as atropine, that blocks the muscarinic receptors is most likely to
- A.
Induce a severe bradycardia
- B.
Increase heart rate
- C.
Decreases cardiac output
- 50.A beta,-adrenergic agonist
- A.
Causes bradycardia
- B.
Increases cardiac output
- C.
Decreases ejection fraction
- 51.Norepinephrine (NE)
- A.
Activates muscarinic receptors
- B.
Is antagonized by muscarinic blockade
- C.
Is a beta,-adrenergic agonist
- 52.Blockade of the effects of acetylcholine ACh on the heart
- A.
decreases cardiac output
- B.
Increases heart rate
- C.
Causes bradydysrhythmias
- 53.'What happens when the actin and myosin in the ventricles form cross-bridges
- A.
The valves open
- B.
The heart enters the period of diastole
- C.
The myocardium contracts
- 54.For the ventricles to fill, the
- A.
Ventricles must be in diastole
- B.
Semilunar valves must be open
- C.
AV valves must be closed
- 55.If the QRS complex does not develop, the
- A.
Heart develops a sustained muscle contraction (tetanizes
- B.
Ventricular myocardium does not contract
- C.
Ventricular myocardium remains in systole and can't relax
- 56.Which of the following is most likely to increase the ejection fraction?
- A.
Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
- B.
Activation of the muscarinic receptors
- C.
Vagal discharge
- 57.Which of the following is an age-related cardiac change
- A.
Starling's law of the heart is lost
- B.
The heart muscle cannot respond as vigorously to the demands of exercise
- C.
The resting heart rate increases to 90 beats/min.
- 58.The amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of its resting phase is the
- A.
End-systolic volume
- B.
stroke volume
- C.
Preload.
- 59.Under what condition is end-diastolic volume (EDV) most likely to increase while ejection fraction decreases?
- A.
Heart failure
- B.
Exercise
- C.
Sympathetic nerve stimulation
- 60.A change in preload causes a change in myocardial contractile force. This response is known as a
- A.
Starling's law of the heart
- B.
(+) dromotropic effect
- C.
(+) inotropic effect
- 61.A patient in heart failure is given a drug that is classified as a beta1 adrenergic agonist. The drug
- A.
Blocks the beta1 adrenergic receptors and causes a (?) chronotropic and (?) inotropic effect
- B.
Activates the beta1 adrenergic receptors and causes bronchoconstriction
- C.
Activates the beta1 adrenergic receptors and causes a (+) inotropic effect
- 62.Which of the following statements is correct about cardiac output?
- A.
Vagal discharge increases cardiac output
- B.
Cardiac output is determined by heart rate and stroke volume
- C.
Stimulation of the sympathetic nerves decreases cardiac output
- 63.During ventricular diastole
- A.
Blood fills the ventricles
- B.
. the semilunar valves are open
- C.
Blood is ejected from the ventricles
- 64.Increased return of blood to the heart stretches the heart muscle, thereby
- A.
Stimulating the vagus nerve.
- B.
Increasing stroke volume.
- C.
Closing the atrioventricular valves
- 65.Ventricular systole refers to
- A.
Contraction of the ventricular myocardium.
- B.
Ventricular depolarization
- C.
The opening of the valves of the ventricles
- 66.Which of the following is least related to the vagus nerve
- A.
Parasympathetic
- B.
Slows heart rate
- C.
(+) inotropic effect
- 67.Which of the following is least characteristic of sympathetic nerve stimulation
- A.
(?) inotropic effect
- B.
Increased heart rate
- C.
Increased cardiac output
- 68.Which of the following is descriptive of stroke volume?
- A.
Ml/min
- B.
Ml/beat
- C.
Mm Hg
- 69.Milliliters per minute describes
- A.
Cardiac output
- B.
Stroke volume.
- C.
Heart rate.
- 70.Which of the following is least related to a bradycardia
- A.
Less than 60 beats/min
- B.
Sympathetic nerve stimulation
- C.
Vagal discharge
- 71.Which of the following is least likely to increase cardiac output?
- A.
Increased heart rate
- B.
Vagal discharge
- C.
Increased stroke volume
- 72.Which of the following is least related to tachydysrhythmias
- A.
Vagal discharge
- B.
Beta1 adrenergic receptor activation
- C.
(+) dromotropic effect
- 73.Bradycardia is most likely to be caused by
- A.
Vagal discharge
- B.
Parasympatholytic effect
- C.
Beta1 adrenergic receptor activation.
- 74.Atropine, a muscarinic blocker
- A.
Causes bradycardia.
- B.
Increases heart rate.
- C.
Is vagomimetic
- 75.Starling's law relates force of myocardial contraction with
- A.
Heart rate.
- B.
Preload.
- C.
End systolic volume
- 76.Venodilation
- A.
Increases afterload
- B.
Decreases preload
- C.
Increases end diastolic volume
- 77.Digoxin is a (+) inotropic agent and therefore
- A.
Increases cardiac output
- B.
Increases heart rate
- C.
Is sympatholytic
- 78.An elevation in pulmonary artery pressure is most likely to cause
- A.
Pulmonary edema.
- B.
Right ventricular hypertrophy
- C.
Left ventricular failure and pulmonary edema
- 79.Which of the following is most likely to elicit a (+) inotropic effect, a (+) dromotropic effect and a (+) chronotropic effect?
- A.
Vagolytic activity
- B.
Parasympathomimetic activity
- C.
Sympathomimetic activity
- 80.Which of the following is a consequence of backward failure associated with left-sided heart failure?
- A.
Pericardial effusion
- B.
Pulmonary edema
- C.
Jugular vein distension (JVD)
- 81.Which of the following is most likely to cause an elevation of pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure?
- A.
Pulmonary artery hypertension
- B.
Venodilation and decreased preload
- C.
Left ventricular failure
- 82.Which of the following is least likely to be used in the treatment of left ventricular failure and pulmonary edema?
- A.
(+) inotropic agent such as digoxin or dopamine
- B.
Diuretic such as furosemide (Lasix)
- C.
Peripheral vasoconstrictor such as norepinephrine (Levophed
- 83.Jugular vein distension is most associated with
- A.
Right-sided heart failure
- B.
Left wall infarct and left ventricular failure.
- C.
Low volume shock.
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